Edamu elilinganiswayo kanye zamanani in ukwakhiwa Basics

imikhiqizo Ukwakhiwa - muhle, osonkontileka aqine. Kuhlanganisa ekwakheni nokuthuma nokwakhiwa zezimboni, isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama zezimboni; umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha yabo, ukulungisa kanye kabusha imishini; ukufakwa imishini nokubeka. Intengo ekwakheni kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinkambiso Kulinganiselwa ukuthi luhambisane ezingeni lamanje ubuchwepheshe imisebenzi ukuqhuba zobunjiniyela. Ngakho-ke, intengo isabelomali ukuzinza ekwakhiweni - elithi ezimbili indivisible sokunquma ukubaluleka nezinzuzo adalwe osonkontileka.

Izici zamanani e ukwakhiwa

Ukwencika izintengo imikhiqizo yalesi mkhakha kwi ezahlukahlukene kwenza kube nzima ukuchaza. isiqondiso elilinganiswayo kanye nokubiza lapho incike ukwakhiwa? izici zayo zamanani kule ndawo yilezi:

• ezahlukene zokusebenzisa ulimi injongo ukwakha, izakhiwo; izixazululo zabo yezakhiwo kanye nokwakhiwa; ngesilwane esifuywayo ngezinto zokwakha kanye imishini; inhlangano - zonke lezi zingxenye balawule ngokuya ukubona isidingo sokuhlakulela iphrojekthi entsha oda ngalinye;
• sezulu ehlukene, izimo Geological amasayithi ukuze kwakhiwe imodeli amaphrojekthi zinezikhathi amanani angalingani umsebenzi;
• baxhashazwe komkhiqizo noma yobunzima yayo indawo; Lesi sici ngenxa ukuhamba abasebenzi futhi izinto zokwakha ukuze into;
• isikhathi.

Ukuze ubone ukuthi izindleko ingqikithi ekwakheni izakhiwo ukwakhiwa, emsebenzini wokulungisa nokwakha kabusha ngezimali yasungulwa izilinganiso for uhlu kanye namanani entengo e wokwakha.

Isakhiwo izindleko iphrojekthi

Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa yokugcina umkhiqizo akuyona ngaphandle izindleko, eziba khona ukuqaliswa izinhlobo ezahlukene umsebenzi. Zivame oluthathwa kanje:

• umsebenzi wokwakha;
• obandayo;
• ifenisha, izesekeli imishini;
• nezinye izindleko.

Ibhajethi ukuzinza ekwakhiweni kanye zamanani ukunika ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izindleko Ukuqaliswa kwalawa imisebenzi.

Uhlobo ngalunye msebenzi uhilela ubulungu bayo. Lezi zihlanganisa itshe, earthworks; ukwakhiwa ngensimbi, ukhonkolo kanye izakhiwo sokhuni; idivayisi zokuxhumana zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. umsebenzi ukufakwa Ukwakheka: idivayisi inqubo amapayipi; ukufakwa imishini kule sikhundla design; ukufakwa nezintambo zikagesi.

isabelomali ukuzinza

Ibhajethi ukuzinza ekwakhiweni kanye namanani entengo - ukuthi kuyini nokuthi yini edingekayo? Ukuze sithole impendulo yalo mbuzo ingevamile ukuchaza isabelomali futhi ukuthola umsebenzi yokulinganisa.

Iqoqo kwezinsiza (zabasebenzi, ngesikhathi imishini, ukusetshenziswa izinto ezidingekayo ukwenza umsebenzi elihlobene ne ukuthola umkhiqizo wokwakha) ibizwa ngokuthi kuyinsakavukela elilinganisiwe. Resources kuvetwa amayunithi ngokomzimba futhi abe izinga ukugeleza unit wamukela angakahleleki.

Dala amazinga ukulinganisela, ikhumbula isimo izinto zobuciko nobuchwepheshe, kuba umsebenzi oyinhloko uhlu elilinganisiwe. Imfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe uhlaka zokulawula, okuyinto zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla, kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa ENiR ku zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi, okuyinto kukhokhelwe imisebenzi abasebenzi, futhi inqunywa ukugeleza impahla. ENiR - iqoqo imibhalo elawula amazinga ajwayelekile kanye rates stroyrabot ababenolwazi udumo eSoviet Union.

Ibhajethi ukuzinza ekwakhiweni kanye namanani entengo

Izinkulumo ngale ndaba futhi onguchwepheshe zemibhalo 4 izinhlobo ezinkulu iziqondiso eRussia:

• uhulumeni;
• imikhakha noma sesikhungo;
• indawo;
• ngabanye.

Futhi, okungu kulinganiselwa zihlukaniswe oluhlanganisiwe futhi zokucathula (konke okungenhla). iziqondiso lakhulisiwe - iziqondiso is kulinganiselwa inzuzo, izindleko phezulu yokulondoloza kwamakhasimende, njll

Kukahulumeni, abezimboni kanye amaqoqo indawo athuthukile maphakathi intengo kumiswa.

imibhalo

Noma yini ukuqala ukwakha noma ukulungisa, kubalulekile ukuba isivumelwano phakathi kwekhasimende kanye inkontileka. Isisekelo isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka kumele kube izilinganiso, okuyinto kunqunywa izindleko umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Ukuze ukulinganisa izidingo phrojekthi. It kuvela ukuthi ukudalwa imikhiqizo ukwakhiwa okudingeka badlule ngakhona izigaba ezintathu imibhalo. Ibhajethi ukuzinza ekwakhiweni kanye namanani entengo akhona kuzo zonke izigaba.

Isigaba sokuqala - design. It ezokuzwisisa bomsebenzi kunqunywa ubuchwepheshe yokuziphatha kwabo. Khona-ke, iphrojekthi athuthukile ukulinganisela, inani kanye nohlobo okuyinto kunqunywa esigabeni design. Njengomthetho, isakhi esiyisibopho uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe isabelomali ukubala, elimelela ukubaluleka yonke imisebenzi wokwakha.

Eyesibili esiteji - amalungiselelo. Ukukhethwa umsebenzi senzeka nsuku yokuncintisana ngesiphakamiso sokuba amanani aphansi. Inani usebenza esigabeni design nesokuphela kwalesi inkontileka lihlukile. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala uyakucabangela zonke izindleko ezivelayo yikhasimende ekwakhiweni into, kanti eyesibili - acabangele kuphela lezo zindleko okuyinto kwakuzodingeka incurred inkontileka. Ngokwesibonelo, izilinganiso izindleko ezidlulisela luhlolo uzobe ezithwalwa yikhasimende, kodwa hhayi inkontileka.

Isigaba sesithathu - ukubala. Usonkontileka njalo ngenyanga ukuze umsebenzi kwenziwa into udinga ukukhokha imali, uma ikhasimende uyaneliswa izinga. Kulesi sigaba, ezakhiwe izenzo, okuyinto kubalwa okusekelwe izilinganiso lapho inkontileka kuphothuliwe.

mqingo wesabelomali umsebenzi

1. Lona isisekelo isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka.
2. Kuyasiza ekunqumeni umkhawulo capital ukutshalwa kwezimali.
3. Isisekelo ukubala izindleko zokukhiqiza.
4. Uveza ukuhlukaniswa inqubo ukwakhiwa ngezigaba.
5. Kuyinto elithile kahle capital ukutshalwa kwezimali.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa kanye nolwazi, ungakwazi bajwayelane isihloko "edamu elilinganiswayo kanye zamanani in ukwakhiwa". Wokucwaninga is olwenziwa izinhlangano eqinisekisiwe nsuku emva kwezinyanga ezintathu kanti uyatholakala zonke izakhamuzi.