Inqubo piping: ukufakwa, iseluleko kanye nemithetho wokusebenza

A isamba esikhulu izinto eyinhloko ukwakhiwa ku yokucwenga amafutha, yokusansimbi, imboni yezokudla kunikezwa inqubo ilungiselelo amapayipi. Badlala indzima lebalulekile ukusebenza izinhlelo zamasu. Futhi, amapayipi zobuchwepheshe asetshenziswa kwezolimo, Ukushisa izinhlelo kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Komsele - idivayisi kokuthutha ezihlukahlukene izinto. Siqukethe ipayipi izigaba, nokuxhuma valve, ezishintshayo fasteners.

Ngamuphi umqondo welithi "amapayipi zobuchwepheshe?" Ukunqunywa lisho kubo okuyinkambiso ilungiselelo wamabhizinisi zezimboni, okuyinto zithutha imikhiqizo ephuma kabili isiqediwe futhi siphelile, kanye izinto ezinikeza nokugcinwa yonke inqubo.

iphayiphi Indawo

Ngo inqubo laying kubalulekile ukuba bafeze lezi zincomo:

• inqubo piping kumele abe ubude obuncane;
• nokuwohloka engamukeleki kakade nokucinana;
• ukufinyelela kwamahhala inqubo okulawula;
• kungenzeka ukuhlela izinto ezidingekayo yokusingatha izinto;
• ukuhlinzeka ukwahlukanisa umswakama Ukungena nezingqinamba ufudumale;
• Ukuvikelwa Pipeline ekulimaleni;
• ukunyakaza mahhala umlilo zokucisha imishini futhi ephakamisa izindlela.

I-engeli we emithambekeni

inqubo Ukusebenza piping kunikeza stop eziphuthumayo. Kuze kube yimanje, iphrojekthi kubeka nemithambeka, okuzokwenza inikeze ipayipi ngokungenasizathu awunalutho. Idivayisi inikeza okulandelayo inqubo amapayipi ukuthambekela engela kuncike uketshezi lidluliselwe (wamanani ngokwamazinga):

• naphakathi gaseous: ohlangothini ukushayela - 0.002, ngokumelene naye - 0.003;
• Ogelezayo izinto uketshezi - 0.002;
• esidi ane-alikhali medium - 0,005;
• izinto of viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu noma bystrozastyvayuschie - kuze kube 0.02.

Umklamo kungase ingafaki bias ngalesosikhathi kufanele kuhlinzekwe izinyathelo ezikhethekile ukuba athululele iphayiphi.

umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo

Ukufakwa kwamapayipi zobuchwepheshe kufanele kuqala ephelezelwa izenzo ezilandelayo:

1. Hlola yonke imininingwane yephrojekthi futhi wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo.
2. I degree of ukulungela yokwakha izakhiwo nokwakhiwa ukufakwa.
3. Elawulwa imishini umugqa kudingekile nokufakwa, izakhi kanye nemininingwane.
4. Yokutholwa ahlukene izingxenye piping kanye izesekeli, kusho amaphepha zokulawula.
5. Hlola ukulungela amasayithi zesikhashana umsebenzi ukufakwa, ifakwe ukukhanyisa, amandla kagesi kwabashiselayo, umsebenzi eziphakeme.
6. Ngokuvumelana nesiqondiso ezidingekayo kudivayisi amapayipi ezimbonini ngokuhambisana mithetho yokuphepha.

mshini umzila

Lo msebenzi siqukethe ekudluliseleni izimbazo obandayo nokufakwa nezihlanganiso ngqo endaweni lapho bayobizwa wabeka inqubo piping. Ukuchaza isakhiwo isikhala kungaba kwenziwe amathuluzi ezilandelayo:

• roulette;
• plumbs;
• ezingeni;
• ezingeni umfutholuketshezi;
• izifanekiso;
• izikwele.

Uma isakhiwo isakhiwo selibekiwe inqwaba amapayipi zobuchwepheshe, kakhulu ziyancipha isikhathi esabelwe kusakhiwo, ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezikhethekile. Zinikeza kuvumelana kwetinhlavu indawo emigqeni ipayipi ukuze isakhiwo isakhiwo. Zonke izici isicelo ngemuva kokuphawula uqinisekise nephrojekthi, bese uqhubekele kokungathembeki izakhiwo asekelayo.

Ukufakwa asekelana anchorages

Phakathi ilungiselelo kwesisekelo isakhiwo kufanele kuhlinzekwe ukuvuleka laying ka bolts of yasibamba usizo. Abakwazi kwenziwe imishini ngomshini. Phakathi ukufakwa izisekelo izincomo ezifana kufanele kubhekwe:

1. namapayipi kwetheknoloji ukuthi babe izisekelo umile ezichazwe ngenhla ukuphakamisa iziqobosho kokufaka iseduze apharathasi futhi lwemidlalo. amapayipi Ukufaka ukwesekwa elinjalo elibekwe ingane kufanele ligxile, singavumeli izinguquko. Izimfuneko efanayo zifeziwe maqondana ijoka.
2. Ukusekelwa ezithathekayo ukukhwezwa benethuba bushelelezi ukunyakaza iphayiphi ngokukhululekile uxolela uma kunesidingo. Kufanele enikeziwe ukuphepha zifudumele nge hambisa engaba kusukela ukunwetshwa.
3. Zonke amapayipi settable erector ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kumele ihlolwe ukuze ivumelane evundla mpo. Ukuhlinzekwa kuyinto ngeziphambeko kungenzeka ukuthi awukwazi ukudlula le mikhawulo:

• intrashop amapayipi - ± 5 mm;
• uhlelo yangaphandle - ± 10 mm;
• ngeziphambeko - 0,001 mm.

Isithombe esiphakathi zibe izinhlelo ezikhona

Lokhu kudinga imvume ekhethekile, kanye on-site msebenzi ukwethula isifaki of amapayipi ezimbonini, okuyinto elikhuthaza lezi imigqa. Feza luhlaka lapho isakhi entsha igibele ixhunywe ohlelweni olukhona. Ngokuvamile ezimweni ezinjalo sihlelelwe ukufaka imishini livaleke-off, kodwa uma umuntu engavumi ukuthi kohlelo yamanje, yakhetha ibha eseceleni. Kukhona izici eziningana:

1. Umugqa zamanje kumele inqanyuliwe futhi akhishwe.
2. Inqawe zithutha ezindaweni oluvuthayo kanye kuqhume, neutralized wageza njalo.
3. Weld ingono kumele iphumelele ekuhlolweni ukuthethwa kwecala. Futhi efakwe imibhalo steel grade.
4. umsebenzi zokushisela ngempela kunesithembiso onguchwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe, ababenelungelo lokungena ekhethekile izakhiwo ezibucayi.
5. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwenza ukufakwa kwamapayipi zezimboni, yokuxhuma node kudingeka achushe phakathi kwalo lonke uvivinyo.

Isisu kanye siwasebenzise

Leli payipi ababebuthene yabekwa uhlanzekile indlela incike ubukhulu ipayipi:

• ubukhulu 150 mm - is siyakazwe ngamanzi;
• kuka-150 mm - kushaywa emoyeni;

Ukuxubha ingxenye kufanele behlukene nezinye imigqa piping nge Imigudu. Uhlambulule ngamanzi wenziwa kuze tubing kusukela amanzi uqala ukugeleza ngaphandle ukusilaphazeka. Ukukhipha Kwenziwa angu-10. Lezi izindlela ezisetshenziswa uma ubuchwepheshe alinikezi nezinye amazinga ukwelashwa. Ngemva komsebenzi, usukulungele uvivinyo abazenzi ngezindlela ezimbili: wokubacindezela futhi womoya.

ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela

Ngaphambi kokuhlola inqubo piping ihlukaniswe ahlukene ezindaweni okunemibandela nekusebentisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• ukulawula kuhlolwe ngamehlo;
• ukuqinisekiswa ngemibhalo yomsebenzi;
• kokufaka air valve, Imigudu yesikhashana (ukusetshenziswa okwenqatshelwe apharathasi njalo);
• ukuvala test isikhawu;
• ohlanganisa ingxenye yokuhlola futha wokubacindezela.

Ngakho, it is ihlolwe ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla kanye kwabantu komsele. Ukuze izinhlangano zikwazi ukusungula degree of amandla kucatshangelwe ukubaluleka olukhethekile ingcindezi yokuhlola:

• Amapayipi ensimbi, eziqhutshwa at yokusebenza izingcindezi kuze 5 kg / m². Ubukhulu test ipharamitha - 1.5 ku ingcindezi yokusebenza kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2 kgf / m².
• Steel amapayipi ezisebenza at a ingcindezi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 5 kg / m². Inani ipharamitha kwaba 1.25 for the test of ingcindezi sabasebenzi;
• Sakaza yensimbi, uplastiki namabhodlela - 2 kg / m².
• Pipelines esenziwe nonferrous - 1 kg / m².
• Ukuze amapayipi eyenziwe ezinye izinto - 1.25 ingcindezi ukusebenza.

Isikhathi siphephele ngaphansi fixed ingcindezi ukubaluleka kuba imizuzu 5, kuphela ipayipi ingilazi luyanda kane.

ukuhlolwa womoya

Ukuze ukuhlole usebenzisa umoya onomfutho noma igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali, esithathelwe embonini noma amanethiwekhi we compressors ephathekayo. Lolu khetho sakubona kukuhle lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho akunakwenzeka ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela for yezizathu ezihlukahlukene: ukuntuleka kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa aphansi kakhulu, kanye voltage esiyingozi kungenzeka isisindo amanzi ekwakhiweni iphayiphi. Lokho Okushiwo test ingcindezi umkhawulo incike ubukhulu iphayiphi:

• lapho ububanzi we amapayipi 200 mm - 20 kgf / m²;
• 200-500 mm - 12 kgf / m²;
• kg 6 / m² - ezingaphezu kuka-500 mm.

Uma ingcindezi nomkhawulo omunye, ngoba izimo ezinjalo imfundo ekhethekile ukuhlolwa kufanele kuthuthukiswe.

Izimfuneko ukuhlolwa womoya

ukuhlolwa womoya akuvunyelwe ngoba phansi cast iron ne ingilazi izakhiwo. Ukuze zonke ezinye izinto kusukela lapho inqubo piping, kukhona izidingo ezikhethekile ngokuhlola engenziwa:

• ukwanda umugqa ingcindezi kancane kancane;
• Ukuhlolwa kungaba kwenziwe lapho ingcindezi yenani zokusebenza 0.6 (ukwandisa ke ngokuhamba umsebenzi ayivumelekile);
• hlola ukuvuza nge soapy amanzi ekhiqizwa obmazyvaniem, isando evunyelwe akuvunyelwe.

Ezenye wokubacindezela futhi ukuhlolwa womoya yanelisa uma inqubo yokufeza akuzange kwenzeke phezu iconsi manometer ingcindezi.

Transmission amapayipi e ukusebenza

Kuzo zonke izigaba ukufakwa uzilungiselele imibhalo efanele, imisebenzi esaziwa, tolerances, ukuhlolwa, njll Basuke idluliselwe esigabeni wokubeka amapayipi njengoba imibhalo elihambisana nalesi sihloko, zihlanganisa:

• izenzo ukulethwa ukwesekwa izakhiwo;
• izitifiketi Welding izinto;
• Protocol yokuhlanza sangaphakathi iphayiphi;
• izenzo ehlola izinga amalunga ashiselwe;
• isiphelo sesimiso valve ukuhlolwa;
• Test enza amandla kanye kwabantu;
• uhlu welders, wenze uxhumano, futhi imibhalo efakazela neziqu zabo;
• wesifunda ipayipi imigqa.

namapayipi kwetheknoloji liyakushunyayelwa ethunywe kanye izitshalo zezimboni, izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka. Eceleni kungaba kuqashwe uhlelo intershop kuphela.

Operating Izinkombandlela inqubo amapayipi

Wokuhlola ngezikhathi kufanele lifake imisebenzi enjalo:

1. Ihlola isimo lobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ezibukwayo nezindlela nondestructive.
2. Hlola ezindaweni kuncike vibration, amadivaysi ekhethekile, sokunquma imvamisa yayo futhi kwawo namandla awo.
3. Ukuxazulula, ayenziwa ngokuhamba ukubalwa kwezimali odlule.

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ekusebenzeni ngokuphepha yenqubo piping, iqinisekisa nokulandela yonke imithetho.

isheke yanyanga zonke isimo uhlelo kufanele amboze okulandelayo:

• uxhumano Flanged;
• welds;
• ukwahlukanisa enamathela;
• yamanzi,
• ebizwa obandayo.

Uma ukuvuza kwembulwe, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha ingcindezi yokusebenza kumele ibe ngu- imigqa emkhathini futhi ezishisayo ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku-60 ° C ukufeza lokuxazulula inkinga ezidingekayo. Imiphumela yokuhlola kumele kuqoshwe namajenali ekhethekile.

audit

Lokhu indlela yokulawula isetshenziswa ukunquma isimo lokwenelisa tekusebenta we amapayipi. Uyelulekwa afeze audit ezindaweni lapho ukuxhashazwa amapayipi zobuchwepheshe wenziwa kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama vibration, ukugqwala okwedlulele.

Pipeline audit kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezinjalo:

1. Ihlola design ukujiya izindlela nondestructive.
2. izindawo Ukumeda othambekele ingene.
3. Control amalunga ashiselwe, okuyinto engabazekayo.
4. Ihlola uxhumano threaded.
5. State ukwesekwa kubakaki.

Isiphathi audit lokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ingxenye yesine ka isheduli kumthethonkombiso, kodwa hhayi emva kuka 5 iminyaka ngemuva kokuqala into. Ngenxa yalokho wokuziphatha ngesikhathi esifanele okuhlolwa wokusebenza ephephile yenqubo amapayipi zizonikezwa.