Metal amakholomu: izinhlobo, isicelo, kanye idivayisi obandayo elisekela ngaphansi kwabo

Ngo ukwakhiwa yesimanje ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa metal amakholomu ezisebenza njengendlela usekelo izingxenye yangaphandle futhi ingaphakathi isakhiwo. Ngaphandle kwawo azisebenzi, ngoba akha uhlaka asekelayo. Steel izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa kaningi, ngoba libhekene ukuqina okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kalula ukufakwa. Abanye abaklami ukuzisebenzisa njengoba izakhi okuhlobisa zezakhiwo noma amakamelo ngabanye.

Izakhi ephambili

Zonke ikholomu metal inezingxenye eziningana: senduku futhi base. Headroom - engxenyeni engenhla zazo uzalela umthwalo ophahleni nokudluliswa ke induku. Ngo ukubala yayo uyakucabangela hhayi kuphela isisindo uhlezi imishayo, Trusses, kodwa ikakhulukazi obandayo yabo.

Engxenyeni maphakathi kukholamu kuyinto induku eyaphenduka okuhambisa umthwalo emhlabathini (isizinda). Uma kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusekelwa ukubala ravnoustoychivost, lokho kumelwe kuthathwe ngokuthi nezimo mayelana Ingxenye evundlile izimbazo. Lesi simiso kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ugcine on impahla kanye ukuthola isakhiwo esitebeleni. imikhiqizo Inamandla kufanele kuqiniswe izimbambo.

Base - isakhiwo isizinda lapho edlulisa umthwalo isisekelo. futhi kuyadingeka lokukhuphula ukwesekwa. Lapho kubalwa ukushuba base is kunakwe futhi ingxenye inkomba ndawo, kanye material isisekelo.

zinhlobo

Material ukhiqiza therefrom Umumo eyinkimbinkimbi ahlukahlukene kodwa abaningi metal amakholomu section cross ngesimo I-ugongolo, ngamapayipi, aboncamane nofana ayindulungu. Ubukhulu Sectional kubalwa ngoba amandla ukubala (ngokuvamile ukusikwa) nokuzinza. Lesi sici zokugcina luncike khona ukuxhumana Racks fachwerk et al.

Kuye isixazululo eyakhayo, ikholomu kungenzeka okuqhubekayo, wangenela, futhi isigaba oluyinhlanganisela. Umklamo njalo cross-section kukhona induku eyodwa, okuyinto esetshenziswa izakhiwo frameless, hangars nasezindaweni ezigcina impahla. Kungenzeka ukufaka imishini nge esiphezulu ephakamisa nomthamo amathani angu-20.

ikholomu Wagibela eyenzelwe ukufakwa umthamo ngaphezu 20 m. Ngenxa cross-section yayo ekhethekile kwandisa rigidity ngoba eguqa nokuzinza ngcono. Lo mklamo inamagatsha eziveza ezimbili: eziyisisekelo futhi crane.

Composite metal amakholomu kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa, futhi zingathatha imithwalo ezahlukene (mayelana eksisi). Badinga:
- ukufakwa Cranes at kokuwa ongaphakeme;
- ukukhwezwa Cranes e eziyizitezi;
- kwezakhiwo.

sphere kwesicelo

Lezi zinsika steel bayindlala kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko ongaphakeme, kalula ukufakwa, kalula ngokujoyina, usayizi amancane. Inani elikhulu izinzuzo ivumela ukuzisebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe:
- izakhiwo zezimboni (isib, izitolo);
- izakhiwo civil (multi-storey izakhiwo nangezinhloso ezahlukahlukene);
- span nesembozo futhi amabhuloho.
- izakhiwo adinga ukucutshungulwa ekhethekile (ikhono uthole ezihlukahlukene amafomu yezakhiwo kanye nomklamo).

kuhlahlela takhi

Ngaphambi afeze ukufakwa metal izakhiwo, kubalulekile ukugcwalisa inkokhelo yabo ngokugcwele. Eyokwakha Uhlaka lwensimbi kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe Monolithic wangenela base ngaphandle izibuko. Ukuze abale umklamo kuyodingeka ukuqoqa idatha ye yonke imithwalo, kanye ukucacisa inombolo, usayizi, amakholomu, ukuqinisa nokujula nokubeka. Kulokhu, konke kuncike isisindo wokwakha izici phansi (luthe ukuqina kunalokhu oyikho, kancane ukumelana kuyadingeka).

Ukubala kufanele kwenziwe ukuze umthwalo kwasakazwa ngokulinganayo phezu izindawo emhlabathini. Uma lobu bunzima iqhubeka, kungenzeka ukulungiselela sizindza lesicinile (isihlabathi noma amatshe). Uma eyaziwa eziveza umthamo isisekelo futhi isakhiwo isisindo, ibalwa kalula Imininingwane base indawo amathe. A umthwalo ke kubalwa ukwesekwa ngamunye.

Fundam ngaphansi ikholomu metal iyahluka kwenye elisekela ezivamile kulelo element ngayinye yehlukile abanye. Ziyakwazi nomunye anixhunyiwe, ngakho amaphutha design kunganikeza misalignment lesi sakhiwo.

ukufakwa izisekelo

Idatha lezisekelo akudingeki izibuko futhi ifakwe ihange imishudo ebambe base umkhiqizo. ukuphakama wabo yokuthi phansi ifreyimu ilungu nemikhawulo yomhlaba babe avaliwe amahange phansi. Uma ukufaka amakholomu kuhilela Ukungena isisekelo okungenani amamitha 4, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa prefabricated podkolonniki ukhonkolo. Ukuphela engezansi ukwakhiwa okunjalo iqinile engilazini, futhi onqenqemeni engenhla ifakwe amahange.

Ukuze Racks eduze badinga base ezivamile, ngisho noma ngeke akhiwe khona le steel luqiniswe izakhiwo zikakhonkolo. Khomba amalungu Uhlaka kuqinisekisa ukufakwa efanele amahange nokubekwa ukunemba ukulungiswa - ukulungiselela substrate.

ukufakwa amakholomu

Ukufakwa metal izakhiwo kumele kwenziwe ukuze ukuphambuka we-eksisi babengasavunyelwe SNIP (ikakhulukazi uma evele nepepper). amakholomu Simple ukusetha iyonke, kanye Zinzima izici ephambili. Ukukhweza, kumele bambambe bona, ukukhulisa, alethe kuya ezisekelweni, ukuze uqondanise futhi evikelekile. izakhiwo engalibaleki kukhona intambo esetshenziswa, okuyinto ibekwe ngaphansi pad (isib ukhuni). Lifting wenziwa ligijima noma beya.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokweseka base on the base (metallic amakholomu ISIZINDA kungabonwa ngezansi):
- ku ubuso bayo ngaphandle isixazululo grout
- phezu kwezitsha steel ngesixazululo umhluzi;
- imishayo, komzila (kudingeka base Grouting).

Ngo umkhuba, sebenzisa indlela elula ukufakwa. Kulokhu, izicathulo ogibele steel ashiselwe phakathi Esekelwa, banamathele phansi amakholomu. Uma umklamo uzohlonzwa futhi fixed, bathulula isixazululo.

Ukukhweza lamakholomu kufaka ukuqondanisa obuphelele ngosizo ohlola amathuluzi kanye kuzilandeleli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zazibheka izibazi, verticality futhi isikhundla kule plan. Lokukhuphula izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa ihange imishudo: isidingo 2-4 izicucu. I-amakholomu kufika ku-15 m. Ukuze umtshina uhlaliseke abaletha besokunxele, okuyinto ziyasuswa ngemuva kokungathembeki sokugcina. izakhi Ephakeme yokuqinisa struts, izibopho kanye besokunxele yesikhashana. Ukuze uthole nohlaka esitebeleni kungcono ukukhweza umbhoshongo kanye girders crane.