Cybernetics njengendlela isiyalo

Cybernetics - isayensi ukuphathwa izinqubo kumasistimu ashukumisayo, ogxile ngesisekelo theory logic, izibalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi le njongo Computing.

Andre Marie Ampere iminyaka kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili edlule, waqeda umsebenzi unelungelo "Tindzaba phezu Philosophy of Science." Ngo sezibalo French futhi physics wafuna codify zonke ulwazi lwesayensi ekhona. Ngo ingxenye ehlukile usosayensi ukubeka isayensi, okuyinto Ubethemba kwaba ukufunda izindlela zokuvimbela nomphakathi. Igama lalesi isayensi, yena ethathwe igama lesiGreki elithi "kibernetes", okusho ukuthi "helmsman", "helmsman".

Cybernetics Isayensi Ampere yafakwa "Ezombusazwe" sigaba. Kwaphela isikhathi eside asizange zisebenzisa igama elivamile elithi nhlobo, eqinisweni ukukhohlwa ngakho.

Kuphela ngo-1948 Norbert Viner, isazi sezibalo American, eshicilelwe umsebenzi "Cybernetics, noma neKwakha Ukuxhumana e eziphilayo futhi imishini ophilayo." Incwadi wavusa isithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini.

Lamatshe ngokuthi cybernetics Imininingwane theory, imfundiso yokuziphendukela Automata theory kanye algorithm lotifundze izindlela kutsi bakwati kutakhela systems information processing. I-apharathasi nezibalo cybernetics isayensi ubanzi kakhulu. Luhilela okungenzeka theory, umsebenzi theory, logic zezibalo kanye kwamanye amagatsha wezibalo.

Ngo ukuthuthukiswa izindlela zesayensi cybernetics wadlala enkulu indima biology ukuthi etadisha ukuphathwa izinqubo esivela imvelo. Juqu ukuthuthukiswa cybernetics kwaba ukukhula ezishintshayo electronics, okwaholela ukuvela amakhompyutha ngesivinini. Lokhu kuye kwavula amathuba angazange information processing kanye sekulingisa zokulawula.

Amasevisi kwesayensi entsha baqala ukusebenzisa i-physics, tibalo, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, wezifo zengqondo, izitho zomzimba, ezomnotho, ifilosofi, ukwakha izinkomba ezahlukene.

Ngenxa cybernetics izifundo zokuphatha izinqubo, lezi sciences baye bafuna ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokuphatha ezindaweni ngenxa yezizathu zobugovu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukunakwa kakhulu ubelokhu emthanda eziphilayo - ukuthi umuntu uhlelo ukulawula uhlobo eliphakeme, okuyinto izici lososayensi nonjiniyela ziye zafuna ukukhiqiza kabusha esebenzisa imishini.

Cybernetics iphenya izakhiwo jikelele ezihlukahlukene control izinhlelo, okuyinto esivela nezilwane, kanye nomhlaba eziphilayo, futhi amaqembu abantu.

Control into (umshini, umugqa okuzenzakalelayo, yeseli ephilayo, iqoqo izinhlamvu) kanye control unit (ubuchopho noma umshini) njalo ukushintshisana ngolwazi.

Ukuphathwa elihlobene ne-transmission, isitoreji, ukunqwabelana, idatha ukucutshungulwa, ulwazi uchaza into, imvelo bangaphandle, inkambo izinqubo, lolu hlelo umsebenzi.

izinhlelo ezahlukene ihluke nomunye ngokwemvelo abezindaba (ukukhanya, umsindo, amakhemikhali, mechanical, yezinzwa, imibhalo). Kodwa noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlelo angaphansi kwemithetho jikelele. Bonke libhekene khona impendulo. Futhi, wonke amadivayisi ukulawula sifake izinto kanye nezici babe izici ezivamile esingokwemvelo nangemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo futhi imishini yokufakelwa. Bayakwazi ukubona ulwazi, ithola khona, ukuze ngekhanda, njll

Cybernetics isungule ngokushesha kakhulu. Cishe yingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka siye sakhula saba esinye sezifundo ehola, okuyinto beqashelwa yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni ebalulekile ezulwini nasemhlabeni.

Namuhla cybernetics - isayensi agcwele izimiso wekuphatfwa kwemanti etindzaweni ekhethiwe kwezesayensi nasemphakathini (kwezomnotho, yezobuchwepheshe, cybernetics zenuzi, njll) Cybernetics eba imiqondo futhi wakha imodeli zokubusa.

Cyber ibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lokulawula ukuthi uyazicabangela kokubili inhlangano kohlelo, ogama izakhi kuhlobene; It inikeza ikhambi kahle izinkinga ashukumisayo; Isebenzisa izindlela ezithile cybernetics (impendulo, self-inhlangano, njll); isebenzisa ezishintshayo nokukhanda komsebenzi ukuphathwa futhi ngesisekelo ubuchwepheshe bama-computer nokuphatha ikhompyutha.