City Aktobe (Kazakhstan): umlando, isakhiwo sokuphatha, ezikhangayo. izakhiwo zalo muzi

Ngo-March 1999, Kazakhstan namabalazwe emhlabeni, idolobha elisha Aktobe, ngaphezu iminyaka engamakhulu Aktobe ubudala. I etymology kwegama kusekelwe inhlanganisela amagama "aa" futhi "Tube", okusho indlela e Turkic izilimi "amhlophe" futhi "entabeni", ngokulandelana. Ngaphambili, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba bahlangane nabantu futhi igama ezifana Belovershinsk. Umbala amagquma ukunikeza amatshe wokulinganisa aphumele ngaphezu kwamanzi, lapho imizamo ukuguguleka phansi ungqimba inhlabathi. Igama elithi "ak" angahunyushwa ngokuthi "okumsulwa ngokomoya," "abangenacala," "ongangcolile", onikeza igama lomuzi lithi kuyiwa umuzwa omkhulu ngokubabazekayo.

Indawo

Aktobe idolobha yasungulwa on ebhange kwesokunxele a (eside kuka-600 km) owumthelela kahle esikhulu ka Urals - emfuleni Ilek - endaweni ye confluence umfula Kargaly, kodwa ngenxa ukwakha ukwakhiwa kuhlelwe we "wangenela" phezu komfula futhi waqala kahle ebhange kwesokudla. Lokhu cishe maphakathi Subural Plateau enyakatho ntshonalanga Kazakhstan, eduze komngcele Russia. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lapho emzini Aktobe, shayela indawo yayo ehlobene imizana eseduze esikhulu izinto. Kuyinto cishe 230 km kusuka Orenburg, 500 km kusuka Ufa, 430 km kusuka esase-Ural'sk futhi 550 km kusuka ogwini oluseduze yoLwandle iCaspian. Thola ku Aktobe kungaba yiluphi uhlobo kwezithuthi - emoyeni, ujantshi, umgwaqo. Phakathi komuzi kudlule onguthelawayeka federal M32 (A300 esizayo) okuholela Samara futhi Orenburg izifunda, on onguthelawayeka A24 futhi A27 Martuk Atyrau. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa Aktobe kwavula imigwaqo emikhulu "Europe - Western China", okuthiwa "yesimanje Silk Road".

Umuzi ine a w / sesitimela esikhulu yesimanje, futhi mayelana 4 km eningizimu indawo kanye sezindiza samazwe onke esisha.

Umlando omfishane

City Aktobe (Kazakhstan) kanye abangabaleyo Russian Empire. Yamila aphume oluqinisayo lempi Ak-Tube, eyasungulwa lapha ngo-1869 izinkampani ezimbili elihamba nabayikhulu Cossacks, elaliholwa Count, owayesesimweni elisezingeni umelekeleli-wempi, von Borg. Ngaphambi kokufika wezempi abayimizulane bukhoma lapha, ikakhulukazi uzihlanganisa izinkomo zizalela. Akuwona wonke umuntu wayejabule mayelana njengabafokazi. Ngakho, lamabutho, wayala Bekbauov, azama ezempi ngokumelene nabo, kodwa ngemva kokunqotshwa lokuqala Cossacks umaluju. Emhlabeni lempi Fort kancane kancane ixazululwe abantu. Ngu 1891 komnikazi lakhula lafinyelela ku-kangangokuthi wathola isimo baye edorobheni okuthiwa Aktobe. It nomthelela ekukhuleni kahle kujantshi, eyabonakala lapha ngo-1902, futhi lihlotshaniswa edolobheni Tashkent futhi Orenburg. Ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha futhi kwaholela ukuvela ekilasini wamavukelambuso-nomqondo zokusebenza. Kakade 1905, beqembu RSDLP lamiswa. Ngemva inguquko Aktyubinsk izikhathi eziningana sekudlule ezandleni amaBolshevik e ezandleni Abamhlophe naphambili, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni, ngo-September 2, 1919 imizamo iRed Army nge air ukwesekwa kwale minyaka emzini ekugcineni amandla Soviet. Okokuqala Aktyubinsk kwakungekaNkulunkulu Kyrgyz Republic, kodwa ngo-1936, lapho Insimu RSFSR kwakhiwa le Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, ehlanganyela ngezithako zawo. Ngo-1990, Kazakhstan baba geqe, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-9 Aktyubinsk unikezwa igama elisha - emzini Aktobe. Ngoba wayeyedwa azikaze impilo ende kakhulu eziningi ezinhle nezimbi. Eminyakeni yokuqala kokubusa kweSoviet, lapho isimo abasha ubophekile bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, nezimbadada ezinyaweni zakhe kwakunzima kakhulu, Aktobe wazibonela indlala (1919-1922 GG.) - ngalesi sikhathi, ngokuvumelana idatha esemthethweni, ufile abantu mayelana 1000. Iphutha Landelayo kwezomnotho nezombusazwe waba indlala yesibili (1932-1933 GG.), Yikuphi kwabulala cishe 4500 izakhamizi. Imikhiqizo kuleyo minyaka esabekayo zisezincane kangangokuthi abantu badla izikhumba amagxolo omuthi nobumba, futhi kuye kwaba nezenzakalo (ibhalwe ngendlela), nokuthi komunye nomunye. Naphezu kwalezi zimo ezinhle ezesabekayo, idolobha ukwakha izindlu, ukuthuthukisa amanzi nogesi, eyenziwa engadini. Futhi kuphela konke lilungisiwe, njengoba kwaba nempi. Ku Aktobe zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo mayelana izimboni kweshumi e Moscow, Zaporozhye futhi laseDnepropetrovsk. Ngemva kwempi waqala ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha Aktobe umnotho, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinkulu, ukunwetshwa ingqalasizinda yedolobha. Cishe zonke waqala ngenkathi izinto tisebenta manje.

Izilawuli

Iziphathimandla Kazakhstan kuyinto Akimat, olawula izindaba tembuso kantsi kuzimele amandla okuphatha, futhi maslikhat - igunya ukhetho, esichaza entandweni yabantu. Amasekela bakhethelwa ngamunye izakhamizi maslihat kwalesi sigodi, eziphathelene nayo. Akimat (abaphathi idolobha) Akims owabunjwa, oyiyo maslihat uthi. I nabaqashwa siqukethe kwamaphini, amalungu eminyangweni ehlukahlukene, izakhiwo kwezomnotho, kuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito ubhoko amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano. Akims amayunithi indawo enkulu (inhlokodolobha izifunda) baqokwa nguMongameli. Akim ka Aktobe abamisiwe benawo igunya elikhulu Akim ka Aktobe esifundeni. Okokuqala kuposi bekatsatsa ku Aktobe Sagindykov E., Doctor of Economics, indoda anolwazi. Ngaphambi kokuba abe inhloko yawo kwabaphathi bedolobha, E. Sagandykov wasebenza imfundo uthisha ngokomzimba esikoleni, master lokufundela imisebenzi yezandla esikoleni sokufundela, wayesevuka ukuba tebuholi emkhakheni zokuba umuntu aqeqeshelwe amakhono. Ngaphambi wasebenza Regional Party Committee Kazakhstan, futhi wakhonza njengephayona neSekela likaNgqongqoshe weMfundo nezazi eMkhandlwini Ophakeme. Akim ka Aktobe E. Sagandykov wasebenza kuze 2004, kuze wamiswa inhloko ekuphathweni kulo lonke Aktobe esifundeni. Namuhla Akim ka Aktobe - Bekbol Sagyn, ummeli oqeqeshiwe, bachelor. Lokhu okusezingeni eliphezulu ehhovisi Wamiswa ngo-2015. Akimat isakhiwo losendzaweni maphakathi avenue okuthiwa Abilkayyr Khan (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Lenin Avenue).

Esidala ingxenye yomuzi

Kukhona division lolungakahleleki zibe izingxenye ezimbili bucishe bulingane Aktobe - Old Town, esisogwini emthambekeni Ak-Tube, kanye okusha, maphakathi okuyinto mkhulu kakhulu edolobheni avenue okuthiwa Abilkayyr Khan. Esikhathini ingxenye endala edolobheni w / esiteshini. Futhi izindawo amagama anjalo: Moscow, Tatarka (Tatar isiphetho) Kurmysh, Otorvanovka, Baby, Gormolzavod. It ubuswa izindlu zangasese kanye izakhiwo kwelinye phansi. Yangasekhaya Otorvanovka uvele ngomunye wabokuqala, emuva ngo-1887. Waqala ukwakha kuze abasuka le-Astrakhan sifundazwe. Kurmysh ezingengaphansi ubudala futhi, yaqanjwa wensimbi Kurmysa, owayehlala lapha esisodwa. Izwe lapho itholakala, kungenziwa Ugcwalise ngesikhatsi sekudlala ngemanti okusezingeni eliphezulu ethulula emifuleni Kargady futhi Ilek. Kurmysh imingcele SMME kanye nezimakethe "Shygys". District eMoscow is sizikhandle elitholakala eduze kujantshi, futhi eyakhelene omakhelwane Bolshak, okuyinto kubhekwa ethembisa mayelana nokuthuthuka. Umklamo kwedolobha Aktobe wukuthi basuke ngokuthula ephila ngisho ukudala ezinye ngokuvumelana eclectic namabhilidi entsha nezakhiwo ezindala. Nokho, ngo-engxenyeni ephakathi ye kubo, akukungakanani. Iyatholakala, ungakhetha yokudlela "Shahrezada", etholakala esikoleni bangaphambili amantombazane ', elakhiwa ngo-1894, futhi yamabhayisikobho, "esitimela", yangaphambili kanye House of Culture of wesitimela abasebenzela (elakhiwa ngo-1928).

Entsha ingxenye yomuzi

Ngokungangabazeki, amahle kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo edolobheni elisha Aktobe. Photo ithumba omunye izigcawu the mosque izibani ebusuku. Entsha ingxenye siqukethe ezindaweni: Shanghai, Ken Dala Neighborhoods (zibaliwe), kanye Sazdy Bolshak. Omakhelwane esemgwaqweni avenue emaphakathi futhi ngokuyisisekelo uyakhile eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo, ukwakha inethiwekhi izitolo, amabhange, amahhotela ukhululekile, anikeza izinkonzo ngezinga lembulunga yonke, enye ingqalasizinda. On the avenue ezibalulekile zikhona isakhiwo nokuphatha, shopping centre, inkundla, amabhange, amathempeli ezimbili, zemfundo ephakeme.

Le ndawo ezikude iNew Town - Shanghai. Walakha ogxile olulodwa storey izakhiwo zokuhlala.

Ngaphezu okungenhla, ku Aktobe nge ukuqinisela enviable, izindawo ezintsha. ngoba kuphela muva kwakhiwa amayunithi abo 30.

ingqalasizinda

Aktobe edolobheni, ogama labantu abantu mayelana 400,000, yilona dolobha elikhulu ngobukhulu lapho kunezindawo eziningi izimboni kanye yangasese ibhizinisi izindawo. Phakathi kwabo rentgenoapparatury izitshalo, ferro-Alloys, uhla lwamanani (silwenza imishini wezolimo), Distilleries, ukucutshungulwa ukudla amabhizinisi, ukukhanya futhi amakhemikhali izimboni. Izinto isiko Aktobe ethulwa zokubukela amabhayisikobho, izinkanyezi, imitapo, okuyizinto 18 amayunithi, iminyuziyamu yeshashalazi. Umuzi ine Akhtanov Drama Theatre, eyasungulwa ngo-1935, Puppet Theatre "Alakai" Regional Philharmonic. Ezemfundo inikeza 6 amanyuvesi, kuhlanganise State University kubo. Zhubanov Medical University Ospanov. Ngokusho idatha yamuva, ku Aktobe imfundo ephakeme babe 20,5% labantu. Impilo izakhamuzi kulandela abasebenzi izibhedlela 29 no-100 sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya imitholampilo kanye polyclinics. Ku Aktobe sinake kakhulu udlala. Wendawo football club owaqanjwa ngomuzi, hhayi nje won zesifunda, wesifundazwe kanye noHulumeni baseKhaya football midlalo, baba ingqwele yezwe. Ngokuvamile, Aktobe kubhekwe kakhulu "ibhola" edolobheni e Kazakhstan. Of zemidlalo nawa izinkundla ezimbalwa, izinkantolo tennis, indawo yokubhukuda, ice rink, imfanelo amaqembu. Ku Aktobe kahle athuthukile ezokuthutha zomphakathi, ibhasi Shuttle okufakiwe, kanye amatekisi. Trolleybuses kanye trams akudingeki lapha.

Isimo sezulu

Izoni kulelivekati ezintaba zase-Eurasia, lapho Aktobe, libhekene kakhulu yezwekazi sezulu hlobo. Lokhu kusho elishisayo, ubusika bakhona bushubisa umnkantsha, umahluko phakathi imini nobusuku okushisa, amazinga lelisetulu emisebeni yelanga bese nemvula encane. Mayelana lapho Aktobe kuyinto - e-Asia noma e-Europe, kungekho ukuvumelana. Uma umngcele kubhekwa Ural uhlelo entabeni e-Asia, uma kwenziwa ogwini yoLwandle iCaspian (njengoba zokuma kwendawo eziningi kangaka) - e-Europe. Kungakhathaliseki lokhu, ku Aktobe okushisa ehlobo ongafinyelela degrees 30 nangaphezulu, ebusika njengoba lehla-degree 20, kodwa kube iminyaka lapho ngoJanuwari thermometer yabonisa -48 ° ^C. Inzika ngenyanga ngokwesilinganiso nombala basakaza, kakhulu liyana, kanye eyomile kakhulu, izinkathi zonyaka. Isibalo izinsuku sunny futhi esinamafu nazo mayelana efanayo futhi kufana ngokulandelana 174 futhi 148 izinsuku plus izinsuku 43 ne sezulu esinamafu.

Isikhungo samanzi namabhishi

Kokuvamile nature enhle lingumuzi Aktobe. Photo ithumba omunye emakhoneni epaki eliseduze umthombo. Ziningi kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho Bahlela emithonjeni iholide kuphelelwe May 1. Aktobe ngenani imizimba amanzi kungenziwa ngokuthi idolobha kuphela vertices ezimhlophe, kodwa eluhlaza emifuleni. Eyakhelwe ngakwesokunxele lomfula Ilek, wayeseboshwe waqhubekela salo esifanele ebhange. Idolobha lihlotshiswe Sazdy River, kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga ohlangothini lizungezwe amanzi Zhinishke, eseningizimu - Tamdy wome ehlobo, futhi kusukela enyakatho - gerbil. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Endaweni isitini egeleza emfuleni Butakov ukuthi mezhuet Aktobe Akjar emzaneni.

Ngaphezu imifula, ngasedolobheni kukhona amadamu. Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo esifundeni - Aktobe ukuba Aktobe kuyiphi nje 10 km. Ngisho eduze, 8 km ukusuka edolobheni, elise Sazdinskoe kwesigubhu, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izakhamuzi. Neyesithathu, enkulu kunazo zonke esifundeni - Kargaly, kodwa kuvela Aktobe itholakala amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-60.

nensada okunjalo kwemithombo yamanzi inikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele kokubili ehlobo nasebusika lonke bendawo. LoMfula amadamu eyakhelwe eziningi izikhungo izivakashi, zokungcebeleka, amabhishi ifakwe. I ukhululekile kunazo - ku Sazdinskom Reservoir, lapho ngaphezu ukugeza zindawo bengenayo zokudlala, igumbi Billiard, coffee shop, zikhona eziningi ezikhangayo amanzi. Idumela elihle ebhishi "Sayakhat", lapho bonke ezijabulisayo, kahle, kukhona ngisho umthombo izinhlanzi.

Aktobe: izikhangibavakashi

Njengoba Aktobe esemancane engacebile ikakhulukazi amasayithi umlando nemivubukulo. Cishe iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu yizivakashi, futhi abantu bakuleli dolobha futhi izivakashi kubhekwe nenani elikhulu labantu ukuzijabulisa yezitolo ngesikhathi esifanayo "Nurdaulet", lapho kukhona cishe emakhulwini izitolo, Pharmacy, amathilomu, ezikhangayo izingane, zoo mini. Ngokuphawulekayo yena yokuthi ngokoqobo izinyathelo ezimbili ingenye amathempeli emaphakathi futhi wabhekisela Nurdaulet. Inani labantu base-emzini Aktobe e iningi (73%) amaSulumane, hhayi zonke ekuqaleni yamukelwe kahle ukuzijabulisa eziyinkimbinkimbi eduze ethempelini leNkosi, kodwa ngenxa ngamasiko asendulo eduze amathempeli njalo ivumelane izimakethe, izakhamuzi kancane kancane baziswa futhi walisekela entsha project yezakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho Nurdaulet, muzi Nur Gasyr mosque - enhle kakhulu, esisogwini avenue main. isakhiwo wayo Museum zezikhonzi zenkolo Muslim "Rukhaniyat", equkethe amakhophi esiyingqayizivele yezincwadi zasendulo futhi izinto, engcwele amaSulumane.

Ku Aktobe kukhona nama-Orthodox nazo kubangela ukukhathazeka ngobungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo. Phakathi kwabo ivelele Cathedral segolide-oluyingungu of St Nicholas.

Wabathanda umlando emzini Aktobe, Kufanele ujwayele ukubheka ibe Museum, ezindala kunazo zonke kuzo - Local History. It waqala imisebenzi yayo ngo-1924 futhi iqukethe inqwaba ziphephile esiyingqayizivele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando umuzi owawusekelwe ezikhumbuzo kanye nezikhumbuzo, okuyinto ku Aktobe mayelana ezintathu kweshumi.

The izinto emzaneni zihlanganisa amapaki amahle, boulevards, imithombo yamanzi, izinkanyezi, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto kube yimina ngedwa Kazakhstan.

Izimpumelelo Nezinselele

Aktobe ngenani abakhileyo iyindawo 5th e Kazakhstan. Uphawu we muzi Tulip. Aktobe elingenamikhono izingalo has simise isiyingi, okusho "ezinyakazayo ngokunganqamuki." Ezansi iqukethe negama lomuzi, nge emhlophe, ubumsulwa wakubonakalisa nobungcwele. isizinda Blue kusho never-ophela ukunyakaza yamanzi, amaphethini ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani futhi abomvu - ilanga, imvelo kanye Tulips. Maphakathi isibonakaliso ibekwe Griffin, okuyinto heraldry bekulokhu ziwuphawu lwamandla, ubungqabavu, ahlale evule amehlo futhi amandla.

Aktobe - idolobha elinabantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lapho uhlala Kazakhs (73%) kanye Russian (20%). Ngaphandle kwalezi, kukhona Ukraine, amaJalimane, Bashkirs, AmaTatar, baseKorea, Moldavians, baseBulgaria, Chechens, Armenia bezinye izizwe.

Izinkomba zomnotho Aktobe ngokuqinile isesikhundleni 6th kuleli zwe. ukukhula umkhakha nokuchuma atehlukaniseki. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana izibalo, isilinganiso somholo ku Aktobe uyahluka 500-600 zamadola, okuyinto umphumela omuhle.

Aktobintsy abadumile hhayi kuphela yakhe zabasebenzi impumelelo, kodwa futhi impumelelo emkhakheni isiko. Umuzi odumile music festival "umoya Dry" elimelela isitayela esizimele umculo.

Ngeshwa, Aktobe futhi akulona uthando olungenayo izinkinga. I enkulu wabo - semvelo. Imbangela amabhizinisi ayo zezimboni, ezingalotshwanga setha izinga umshini ohlanza amanzi izinhlelo kanye nomoya. Umsebenzi wabo uye waholela yokuthi kwezinye izindawo izikhathi eziningana Udlule kwezinkambiso we-formaldehyde, nitrogen isikhutha nezinye izinto ezingadingeki amakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfula Ilek kukhishelwa ukuchitha unyaka ngamunye boron chromium. Ukuze sibhekane nalezi zinkinga kanye ukuqinisekisa ngokwengeziwe ukuchuma edolobheni, kuwo wonke unyaka itshalwe, kwakukhona imithi eminingi, izinkulungwane imibala, umsebenzi okungukuthi uthomile yokuthuthukisa indle ukwelashwa izitshalo.