Chesme Ikholomu - uphawu obuqhawe imikhumbi Russian

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amabili nengxenye, eRussia lezwakala esalwa uMbuso WaseTurkey - ekuqaleni ukufinyelela woLwandle Olumnyama, bese ukuze aqinise isikhundla salo eCaucasus. Kulesi sici, iNdlovukazi uCatherine II baqhubeka Inqubomgomo yimpumelelo angaphandle, kuqalile uPeter Omkhulu ngu.

Phakathi yakhe ukubusa umbuso Russian hhayi kuphela uthole ukufinyelela Azov futhi woLwandle Olumnyama, kodwa nazo zathathwa enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea, abe namandla ngempela zasolwandle. Ukuze kuhlonishwe ngokunqoba Russian abaklami abanamakhono kanye Okugweda wadala izikhumbuzo emnandi. Omunye wabo - Chesme Ikholomu Petersburg.

prehistory

Esikhathini maphakathi nekhulu XVIII, Turkey uye waqhubeka busa ngokuphelele oLwandle Olumnyama. Naphezu kwemizamo uPetru mina azame ukuqinisa lidla izindwani, Russia ngaleso sikhathi abalitholanga Sea noma Azov weqembu lemikhumbi. Ngakho-ke, umgomo uCatherine II uhulumeni angaphandle kubhekwa eseningizimu isiqondiso kuqala.

Nokho, elaseRussia akuyona ekuqaleni kwempi. -Turks and Allied YaseCrimea AmaTatar ekupheleni 1768 ehlasela enyakatho Black Sea esifundeni. Ukuze Turkey hit omkhulu ovela ngemuva emotweni, kanye nokwesekwa ukulungiselela zabhikisha lamaKristu emazweni aseBalkan, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele imikhumbi Baltic Fleet eMediterranean Sea.

Summer - ekwindla 1769 kusukela Kronstadt babe isigaba ezimbili Russian eholwa Admirals Grigoriem Spiridovym noJohane Elphinstone. Ubude uhambo ubuholi waphathiswa Count Alekseya Orlova.

Swimming azungeze eYurophu amatilosi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi nenselele elukhuni. Imikhumbi waqale wangena uLwandle iMedithera ngoNovemba, futhi entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka ozayo, kokubili Baltic isigaba ndawonye futhi baqala ukulungiselela impi, yini ungathi Chesme Ikholomu e Tsarskoye Selo.

Ukunqoba kuka-ayinhloko Porte

Impi yokuqala enkulu senzeka Chios Strait 24 Juni, 1770 Iqembu Turkish ababebalelwa kabili ubukhulu isigaba Russian Ubuye isikhundla evumayo zamasu. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngemva kwempi esindayo abaseTurkey zinhlanga e Chesma Bay, okwakubekelwa kubhekwe cishe ungenakunqotshwa.

Ngalo lolo suku, umkhandlu wezempi unqume ukuqedela kokunqotshwa ngoxhaxha Turkish ngqo Cesme. imikhumbi Russian ivinjiwe ophumayo ewumngcingo kusukela ethekwini, impi yaqala eduze phakathi kwamabili, kamuva waqaphela enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni imikhumbi.

Ngobusuku ngoxhaxha Turkish labhujiswa ngokuphelele ku 26 Juni, amatilosi imikhumbi kanye ikampu abaleka Cesme eSmirna. Okuthile akekho eYurophu engalindelekile. Yokudumisa ukunqoba yemikhumbi Russian ngokukhamba kwesikhathi efakwe Chesme ikholomu rostral ku Catherine Park Tsarskoye Selo.

Bonke ababambiqhaza empini odumile esinqumweni Empress ukhishwa izindondo esiyisikhumbuzo. Petersburg, eyakhelwe Chesma Palace Nesonto, Gatchina efakwe Obelisk, futhi Tsarskoye Selo - ikholomu.

prototype Antique ka

Nakuba eRussia lezwakala esalwa uMbuso WaseTurkey, e Tsarskoye Selo, kwaqala umsebenzi ukuwohloka epaki. Lapho izindaba kokunqoba Cesme safinyelela Petersburg, uCatherine II wathuma A. wezakhiwo Rinaldi ukwakha ikholomu ezifana izinsika rostral, zilethwe eRoma yokudumisa uzowanqoba inxusa noGayu Duilio ngoxhaxha iCarthage.

Kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula lesikhumbuzo phakathi echibini elikhulu owawugujwe iziboshwa Swedish empi ngaphambili. Umsebenzi waqhubeka iminyaka eminingana. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sashintsha wabuka emgqeni ogwini echibini, ukuze ibanike kuhleleka kwe-Aegean Sea.

kwakhiwa Chesmenskaya ikholomu design evunyiwe umuntu uCatherine II. UMbusikazi kwakungelona iphutha: yobukhosi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, nobly ukuzivimbela uhlobo lesikhumbuzo wasendulo kangcono ukuveza ngokunqoba lasolwandle isiRashiya, predetermined umphumela impi.

incazelo emfushane

Chesme Ikholomu - umsebenzi wezakhiwo Italian Antonio Rinaldi, wawenziwa isevisi isiRashiya, futhi umqophi Ioganna Shvartsa, owadala lesikhumbuzo izakhi zethusi: ukhozi, bas-imifanekiso.

Ekuphumeni isinyathelo amanzi egwadle emise njengoba iphiramidi ufushanisiwe, ikholomu kakhulu efanayo - okuqinile zemabula Ural. Imiqhele lesikhumbuzo ukhozi lethusi, kuhloswe ngaso ucwezana Turkish. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, it Limele ngokuwina eRussia, futhi ngakolunye - Bala Orlov, Orlov wathola ilungelo ubizwe-Chesmensky.

On Rostra impumuzo lubonakale izithombe izinhlamvu ezahlukene eMpumalanga: umshuqulo, horsetail, quivers, izijula, sabres Turkish, amabhanela. Bronze bas-imifanekiso abazinikezele ukuba izimpi ezintathu enqobile e-Aegean Sea, behlonipha futhi Chesme ikholomu kabani wamiswa.

Umlando Nezanamuhla

Ngo-1996-ke kwasho iminyaka engu-300th of Naval Fleet yeRussia. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka emithathu kwaba eningi butholakala kunqoba okukhazimulayo, kuhlanganise impi e-Aegean Sea empini Russian-Turkish. Ukuze lolu suku, kwanqunywa ukuba ubuyisele nethusi bas-imifanekiso, ngaphambili 'ihlotshiwe Chesma ikholomu.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, abanye babo babethola lakhishwa Pond Omkhulu, abantu abaningi bashona ngesikhathi imizamo eyize amaNazi baphathe lesikhumbuzo zemabula. Ngo 1994-1995. Kozenyuk umqophi V ukusungulwa izici ezingekho, futhi namuhla Chesme ikholomu ubukeka iyafana ezinsukwini we Umbusikazi uCatherine II, owayala ukudala le anamandla lesikhumbuzo yemikhumbi yaseRussia.