Brazil: imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Minerals Nezimboni Brazil

Brazil - zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Latin America, okuyinto ethatha cishe isigamu nezwekazi yeNingizimu Melika. Ngo empumalanga lasenyakatho ngasemfuleni i-Atlantic Ocean. Brazil, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo nemibandela nhlobonhlobo - ezweni esihle nokufuya eziphilayo sabantu.

impumuzo

Engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe elisezansi Amazonia. Kancane kancane kuba sizungezwe emaweni kweqa emathafeni Guiana Highlands. Cishe bonke endaweni esele yezwe yabuswa ithafa Brazilian, njengoba ephakama enyakatho-mpumalanga naseningizimu zisuka emoyeni ziqonde at Atlantic elisogwini. Ukuze entshonalanga yokhalo asalile kanye afanayo Atlantic esifundeni welulela ibhande monoklinarno-kwetinhlavu kanye kumiswa emathafeni; nasenyakatho maphakathi ubuswa socle emathafeni futhi Amathafa, okufakwe lapha nge Amathafa.

Isimo sezulu

Brazil elinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Izinto ezingokwemvelo zibangelwa izimo zezulu. Ngenyanga lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka degrees 16 kuya 29, kanye kuphela afanayo okusezingeni eliphezulu empumalanga okokuqandisa kungenzeka. Nokho, ezweni libhekene izinhlobo ezahlukene sezulu kanye kwezulu imibuso.

amanzi maphakathi nezwe

Ekhuluma izici zemvelo yeBrazil, kufanele kuphawulwe ngayo obukhulu kakhulu emfuleni inethiwekhi. uhlelo Amazon achelela lonke esifundeni sase-Amazon, esenyakatho yeBrazil naseningizimu ye-Guiana Highlands. Ingxenye eseningizimu the Highlands Brazilian ekuniseleni izinhlelo emifula Parana ne-Uruguay, entshonalanga - emfuleni Paraguay, empumalanga - emfuleni San Francisco. Kulaba bafundi, i-Amazon nemingenela yayo entshonalanga nasempumalanga unyaka wonke agcwele amanzi.

Ukuze imifula Brazilian Highlands libhekene iyehla iyenyuka enkulu emanzini ukugeleza nezikhukhula. Amanzi Umthambo ithafa ibe nabayimele elikhulu Hydropower, Nokho, ngokuvamile imikhumbi kuphela phezu amafushane.

Izitshalo kanye nenhlabathi

Ezweni elibuswa amahlathi ku lateritic (ferralitnyh) nenhlabathi abomvu. indawo Okokuqala kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela emhlabeni wokhuni oluqinile kudinga Brazil. Izinto ezingokwemvelo engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Amazon eyethulwe siluhlaza obukhulu zinomswakama emahlathini ashisayo babesuke, izihlahla ezibalulekile (angaphezu kuka-4 ayizinkulungwane zinhlobo), bangaphansi okuyinto lateritic nenhlabathi podzolic.

Ezindleleni ukuthi uzimele Brazilian futhi ezinkangala Guiana, ukusakaza ngenxa ezomile sezulu lezihlahla kanye siluhlaza amahlathi, inqubo podzoleniya enhlabathini engazinzile futhi ibuthakathaka. izinhlobo ezifanayo izimila nomhlabathi, ikhumbula altitudinal emikhulu ebusweni bomhlaba kuyimiphumela sici windward, empumalanga, nobubanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi emagqumeni Brazilian Highlands. Emithambekeni esentshonalanga ikakhulu libhekene amahlathi ezimanzi kwesizini. Centre ithafa elalihlala eyihlanze on nenhlabathi obomvu lateritic, ezivame kakhulu melkoderevnye savannah shrubby. Kutholwe emifuleni igalari ehlathini, lapho likhula eyigugu carnauba wax entendeni. Northeast ithafa matasa semi ehlane kwaphela ehlanganisa nezihlahla amnandi Xerophytic futhi izihlahla nenhlabathi abomvu ansundu kanye iba nsundu ngokubomvu. Ukuze uthole eningizimu nombala esemanzi libhekene siluhlaza namahlathi okuxubile lezihlahla we Brazilian conifer Araucaria. Ezindaweni ukusakaza bezderevnye eyihlanze aluhlaza ku sezwe red-black.

emhlabeni isilwane

A ezihlukahlukene elikhulu nezilwane akunakubangelwa ukuhlukahluka imvelo ubukhulu abalulekile zensimu elalihlala Brazil. Ukubukezwa nezilwane emithonjeni ehlukene ihlukile, ngoba ngisho taxonomists ungaboni ngaso linye ngaso phezu Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu izilwane abahlala kuleli lizwe. Uyasigcina isikhathi ezikhonjwe zilwane ezisanda kutholakala, ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba abanye, ngeshwa, ziyafa.

Kuwo wonke amazwe Brazil libhekene inani elikhulu zinhlobo hlobo lwezinkawu (mayelana 77 mi) nasemanzini agelezayo izinhlanzi (ngaphezu kuka-3 ayizinkulungwane). Ngokusho inani izilwane zasemhlabeni lizwe lifaka lesibili emhlabeni esikhathini eziningana zezinyoni - eyesithathu, isibalo sezinye izinhlobo ezihuquzelayo - owesihlanu. Izilwane eziningi asengozini, ikakhulukazi ophilayo zemvelo ukuthi manje wabhubhisa ngezinga elikhulu, njenge-Atlantic Ihlathi.

Umnotho waseBrazil

Ngenxa ezingeni eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha wezimboni bese kuthi izimayini, ezolimo, amasevisi wemboni futhi inani elikhulu labantu abasebenza ngokuya kwe-GDP, Brazil kakhulu ngaphambi kwawo wonke amanye amazwe aseLatin America. Okwamanje, Waphinda yandisa khona ezimakethe zomhlaba. The main imikhiqizo ukuthekelisa - ikhofi, izindiza, izimoto, itshe-nsimbi, kabhontshisi steel orange juice, nezicathulo, izindwangu, ushukela, imishini kagesi.

Umnotho waseBrazil wehlukile kakhulu futhi has okukhulu phakathi izifunda. On the amathuba ekwenzeni ibhizinisi komuzi zihluke kakhulu nomunye. Nakuba umnotho isimo sika ngempela athuthukile, abalulekile ukuthuthukiswa izithiyo zisekhona izinkinga okwandile ubumpofu, ukungakwazi ukufunda nenkohlakalo.

Brazil imithombo Iwusizo

Izwe ukhiqiza izinhlobo amadoda angaphezu kwamashumi amane namaminerali. Into ebaluleke kakhulu i-manganese kanye nsimbi. Ngakho, unyaka ukukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwayikhulu kwezigidi ezimbili insimbi zazo cishe amaphesenti angu-80 athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. isimo bauxite ingenye yezindawo zokuqala emhlabeni. Minerals Brazil inikezwe njengoba ithusi, zinc, nickel ezifakwa ezisetshenziswa emakethe yasekhaya. Izwe kuyinto umphakeli amasu of izinto zokusetshenziswa: niobium, tungsten mica, zirconium. Isidingo yonyaka ukuze kutholakale uwoyela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-75, uma ingxenye kuphela, ngakho-Brazil uphoqelekile ukuba uyangenisa. I-Amazon 1970s. wathola inothile igolide, Manje ukukhiqizwa yayo imayelana 80 wamathani ngonyaka. amalahle ezifakwa ayatholakala, kodwa izinto ezasetshenziselwa izinga abampofu, ngonyaka ka ukukhiqizwa salo angaba ngu-5 miliyoni.

umkhakha

I amaningi umkhakha Brazilian bagxila eningizimu-mpumalanga futhi eningizimu yezwe. Isifunda ampofu kakhulu ubhekwa enyakatho-mpumalanga, kodwa manje isiqala ukuheha utshalomali. amazwe aseLatin America Brazil amaningi asethuthukile emkhakheni wezimboni, akha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu GDP. Isimo ukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo, ngensimbi, izimoto namafutha ezindizeni, amakhompyutha, kanye ezidayiswayo.

Esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-GDP ihlanganisa embonini yokukhiqiza e-Brazil. The main izimboni - uwoyela nokwenza ukukhiqizwa zamakhemikhali. Emva United States of America kuyinto umkhiqizi elikhulu bioethanol, esinikela amaphesenti angu-30 ukufuneka nophethiloli. Ukuze refueling izimoto e-Brazil, i-ethanol isetshenziswa njengoba ifomu okumsulwa noma ixutshwe uphethiloli. I impahla eluhlaza for zokukhiqiza yayo uba umoba. izinkampani Brazilian ngonyaka ukukhiqiza Ethanol e inani 16-20 bhiliyoni amalitha.

Minyaka yonke, ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 million izimoto ezikhiqizwa kuleli zwe. The main abakhiqizi - inkampani "Mercedes-Benz", "Scania", "Fiat".

Igatsha oyinhloko ukukhanya umkhakha - nendwangu. Brazil 6-7 ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yendwangu emhlabeni. Abangamaphesenti angu-80 kakotini amazwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ngenxa ukhwaliti ongaphakeme of izinto zokusetshenziswa Brazilian.

Futhi, ukuthuthukiswa imboni izicathulo - njengoba kungabantu abangaphezulu kuka 4 ayizinkulungwane izitshalo ukwenziwa izicathulo.

Ekuphetheni

Phakathi amazwe aseLatin America, aphakeme amandla ezomnotho, akungabazeki, has Brazil. Imithombo yemvelo yaleli zwe inikeza amathuba kakhulu ukukhula. Nokho, njengoba okwamanje ezweni libhekene kwamangqamuzana eside emiholweni kanye lukhulu ezingeni yentuthuko ezifundeni entshonalanga nasempumalanga.