Bobby Sands, ongumphehli 1981 Irish indlala isiteleka: Biography

Bobby Sands walilwela ngoba kutimela Northern Ireland. Wahlanganyela Ira, ngoba imisebenzi eye walahla kabili. Ngesikhathi esejele, wakhethwa ePhalamende esuka esifundeni sakhe. Kule mpi amalungelo abo Sands lowacala isiteleka sokuduba ukudla, ngenxa kwalokho wafa ngenxa yokukhandleka kakhulu. Kwabaningi, izenzo zakhe waya ziyasibona futhi siqondwa ngokungeyikho ngenxa yezenzo yabezindaba. Nokho, kwadingeka kuyayithinta nekucinisa indima le Ira ePhalamende.

Kuyini Ira? Yayiyini okufunwa ababhikishi iziboshwa? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo, kanye eminye imininingwane kusuka biography of Robert Sands kungatholakala esihlokweni.

biography

Okugcwele igama Irish isishoshovu Robert Gerard Sands. Wazalelwa Newtownabbey, e emkhayeni wamaKatolika 09.03.1954 Eminyakeni eziyisithupha wathuthela abazali bayo Rathcoole. I Sands umndeni, ngaphandle Bobby, eyindodakazi Bernadette. Wayephinde emisebenzini yezepolitiki.

Bobby Sands washada Dzheraldin Noad, futhi 08.05.1973 wazalelwa indodana yabo Gerard. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, indodana yakhe encane, uRobert ngeke ahambele umngcwabo walowo uyise.

Ukubamba iqhaza Ira

Bobby Sands waba ilungu Ira, lapho wayeneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena waboshwa okokuqala. Isizathu salokhu itholwe yakhe amavolovolo ikhaya ezine. Bobby ugwetshwe iminyaka emihlanu ebhadla ejele.

Ngo-1976, wadedelwa ejele futhi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe enhlanganweni. Yena kusolakala ukuthi uzobabangela ukuqhuma, kodwa akazange abuthole ubufakazi iqhaza. Nokho, kakade 1977, Sands kwakuhileleke ngesikhathi kudutshulwana. Ngenxa yalesi wayengaphuli isigwebo sasejele iminyaka eyishumi nane wayiswa ejele Mays.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni waqeda izikhundla ezikhethekile, ngenxa iziboshwa Ira akhiwa izigebengu ezivamile. Lokhu kwalandelwa isenzo, ngokuthi "ingubo umbhikisho", "umbhikisho ezingcolile". Babehlanganyela noBobby. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala izinkondlo kanye izihloko.

Izenzakalo Ira

inhlangano Iranian paramilitary okuhloswe lethu lithole inkululeko Northern Ireland sika ezazivela eBrithani. umsekeli waso babekholelwa ukuthi izwe labo yabekwa umsebenzi wezempi. Emisebenzini yayo, le nhlangano wencike labantu lamaKatolika.

Namuhla-ke has nabameleli bayo iPhalamende, okuyinto ethulwa ngesimo Sinn Fein. Konke lokhu kwaqala ngo-1919 ne ukuvukelwa Dublin nemisebenzi Patrick Pearce.

Ibutho Iranian kwaba ngesandla sakhe. 90 amaminithi ngaphambi ukuqhuma, abameleli babo unolwazi ngenhloso yawo ukubiza ukuze ugweme abalimala womuntu, obonisa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngamandla alo. The shaqa main babe abameleli kwezinhloko zamaviyo British, amaphoyisa kanye nezinkantolo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlangano zahlukana. "Zesikhashana" le Ira, okuyinto wawuyingxenye noRobert Sands yadalwa. Inhlangano asolwa ngokubulala abantu abangaphezu kwabangu-ayizinkulungwane, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amasosha nezakhamuzi. Fighters icala emva ngokuqiniseka afakwe iziboshwa njengoba inqubomgomo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu isimo kuyasuswa kubo. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni kube nemibhikisho, yiziboshwa. Enye yalezi izindlela zokubonisa ukunganeliseki lowacala isiteleka indlala.

Izikhalo Zomhlaba 1981

Entwasahlobo ka-1981, wafa MP Frenk Maguayr, ngakho baqala umkhankaso. Ngenxa yalokho, ilungu elisha lePhalamende, kwaba Sands. Waba omele omncane kaHulumeni. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukuvinjelwa okwengeziwe ilandelwe: abantu ezigwetshwe ukudilikelwa of ngaphezu konyaka owodwa kungenzeka iqhaza okhethweni.

URobert washona izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesithupha indlala isiteleka. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwaba ukukhathala ephelele. Emngcwabeni wakhe abangu phezu eziyikhulu, kuhlanganise Irish Republican Army.

izidingo eziyisisekelo

Nakuba Sands waba ilungu Uhulumeni, isiteleka indlala wayeseGibithe ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Izishoshovu ukubeka phambili izimfuno ezinhlanu. Nakuba bona bonke ubilise phansi yokuthi abamele Ira emuva emajele isimo kweziboshwa zezombusazwe.

Amalungelo ebesifuna belamba:

1. Musa aye ejele ngemvunulo.
2. Ungahlanganyeli ekuziphatheni umsebenzi ejele.
3. Freedom yokuxhumana phakathi iziboshwa inhlangano imisebenzi bezijabulisa futhi ezemfundo.
4. Ikhono lokuthola kanye ngeliviki uhlamvu olulodwa, ukuthumela nokwamukela isivakashi.
5. Kungenzeka ukuthola ushwele.

Irish Republican Army ubelokhu evuma Government of the United Kingdom, ukuze ukusabela sasingasabavumeli ababhikishi.

Margaret Tetcher ukuphendula

Lapho kwakukhona isiteleka indlala (Bobby Sands kwaba omunye wabahlanganyeli main), i-British uNdunankulu kwaba uMargaret Thatcher. Akazange ahambe ku belamba ezivuna akabuyiselwa isimo iziboshwa zezombusazwe ukubhikisha. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abayishumi.

Nokho, uhulumeni esisazokwenzeka izikhundla zabo maqondana indlala, noma iphephandaba akazange abike ngakho. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili ekuqaleni kwesiboshwa umbhikisho azigqoke izingubo ezilula, hhayi ukwenza umsebenzi ejele, abuthanela zizihlanganise nabantu, ukuthola imfundo.

Isiteleka indlala yaphela

Izikhalo Zomhlaba yaphela 03/10/1981 ka Bobby Sands waba isisulu sokuqala, kodwa hhayi zokugcina.

Uhlu iziboshwa oshonile ingxenye yesiteleka alambe

• Robert Sands esezilé ukudla izinsuku ezingu-66 futhi wafa kuqala;
• F. Hughes - izinsuku 59;
• P. McCreesh - izinsuku 61;
• P. O'Hara - izinsuku 61;
• D. Mcdonnell - izinsuku 61;
• M. Herson - izinsuku 46;
• K. Lynch - izinsuku 71;
• K. Doherty - kwezinsuku ezingu-73;
• T. McElwee - izinsuku 62;
• M. Devine - ezinsukwini ezingu-60.

Ikhumbule yisikhumbuzo oshonile yadalwa. Itholakala Bogside njengoba incwadi "H" ngesiNgisi. Ngakho inzalo wasigcina imemori lomcimbi lapho efakiwe Bobby Sands futhi "Amabhlogo HLB" (igama lolungakahleleki ejele Maze). Kuyinto kwesinye salezi amabhlogo ukukhonza isiphetho ukubhikisha.

Isiteleka indlala kuye kwaholela yokuthi inqubomgomo isizwe Irish wathatha isiqondiso eziwukweqisa. futhi kwasho ukuqala inqubo lokho kuye kwabasiza Sinn Féin ukunqoba ukhetho.

idayari isishoshovu

Bobby Sands, izingcaphuno, okuyizinto ezibalulekile for abamele Ira, wayeyindoda okungavamile. Nakuba ngesikhathi ngisejele, wabhala izinkondlo kanye izihloko. Waqala isimangalo se-indlala, Sands igcinwe idayari, amarekhodi lokuqala okuyinto esukela emuva 1 Mashi (ngeSonto). In the version Russian kuwebhu zibekwe ukuhunyushwa ngezinsuku zokuqala nesikhombisa ka idayari.

Le filimu "Indlala" ngo-2008

1981 Irish indlala isiteleka ngesikhathi achazwa Imidiya nganhlanye. amaphephandaba baseBrithani baye kuthathwe uhulumeni futhi wazama ukugcona nezidingo nabantu abalambile. Ngenye indlela, cabangela isimo esaba khona umqondisi idrama Steve McQueen sika "Indlala" ezavela ezikrinini ngo-2008. Wazamukela umklomelo ngesikhathi Cannes Film Festival.

Isithombe wembula amasonto okugcina impilo Robert, owayeyilungu lePhalamende LaseBrithani, ummeleli we-Ira. Wagwetshwa iminyaka eyishumi nane ngenxa Ngekudlala indzima sokudubula ngenhlamvu bebhekise emaphoyiseni, noma kunalokho ngoba sinakho nesibhamu.

Le filimu ikhombisa iziboshwa ezivela kwezinye Ira, okwakwenza izimfuno ukubuya isimo kweziboshwa zezombusazwe. I protagonist enquma ukuya ngokumelene uhlelo, ngakho-ke, wamemezela isiteleka indlala. Kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili, uguqulwa kusukela indoda ibe skeleton.

Umqondisi kuyinto ngempela ozwakalayo ukukhombisa ukuphila iziboshwa. Zonke bengene shí ezintweni yithemba, ngaphandle ray kancane ithemba. Akuwona wonke umuntu uzokwazi ukubona ifilimu kuze kube sekupheleni, kanye ukuqonda umqondo wokuthi umqondisi wayechaza ukuthini. Le filimu uyakwazi iyiphi engasiphazamisa.

Iqhaza umlingiswa oyinhloko waphathiswa Michael Fassbender. Lo mlingisi wakwazi ukuze udlulisele imizwelo belamba, zembula imicabango emasontweni eyisithupha yokuphila kwakhe.