Black inhlabathi - kuyinto ... Incazelo, ukubunjwa, izakhiwo, izicelo kanye nezinhlobo

Zonke cottagers abanolwazi futhi imfundamakhwela eyaziwa ukuthi mhlabathi omnyama - iyona inhlabathi evundile kakhulu. Ngeke esikhundleni sanoma yiziphi umquba ngoba sidalwe Imvelo uqobo lwayo. Chernozem kungenziwa ngokuthi i eziphilayo, okungakwazi ukudala eyayenziwe. Abambalwa iminyaka engamakhulu esichithwa ekuguquleni amaminerali kanye udaba eziphilayo e inhlabathi evundile, bese kusetshenziswa izitshalo nentuthuko yabo.

Namuhla, supply kuleli zwe kuye kwaba eziningi izinkampani. Yenza isinqumo esifanele kusukela ezihlukahlukene iziphakamiso ukusiza ukuqonda ngokucacile kule nhlabathi. Sidinga ukwazi ukuthi izici eziyinhloko mhlabathi omnyama futhi umehluko yayo kusuka kwamanye nenhlabathi.

Black inhlabathi - wukuthi enhlabathini?

Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, leli zwe bungabonakala nombala omnyama. Futhi kuyizimpawu isakhiwo kanye nephunga eyinqaba, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa semali humus. Le into organic Kumiswa phakathi kwamazinyo zezitshalo izinsalela.

inhlabathi okuzala njengoba isikhathi alichaza okuqukethwe humus. Lokho okungukuthi, kungcono. Kuye inani black inhlabathi humus kungaba ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile, leli nani zokhahlamba kusuka 3-15%, okuyinto kubhekwa evamile.

I izakhiwo inhlabathi chernozem

1. Ngenxa ngezithako zawo, umhlabathi omnyama njalo ucishe abamnyama, okuyisici ejwayelekile. I mnyama njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi humus enhlabathini.

2. ukujiya isilinganiso ezweni umhlaba omnyama kuyinto 60-140 ngamasentimitha.

3. Umhlabathi iqukethe umsoco encibilikayo, omuhle iphendula umswakama nokufudumala.

4. Humus chernozem iqukethe inombolo irekhodi ne-calcium ngakho-ke ivundile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kuyalingana, esikuthola kalula izitshalo kungababangeli umonakalo.

5. Isakhiwo izwe lumpy ezahlukene namatshana. Ngenxa yalesi ke olumelana compaction, leaching, weathering kanye kumiswa soma. Ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi uhlelo isitshalo impande anjalo ithola inani elikhulu umswakama nomoya. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi akusiyo ngokwanele okuxekethile. Ngakho-ke Kunconywa ukuze ungeze ku humus Peat noma isihlabathi.

Izimpawu kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo emhlabeni

• I okusezingeni eliphezulu calcium okuqukethwe - 70%.
• A esibalulekile acid humic - kufika ku-15%.
• Magnesium - kufike ku-20%.
• Nitrogen, phosphorus, i-sulphur kanye nezinye izakhi eziqukethwe imali ezincane.

Konke lokhu kunikeza i humus lwamanzi kanye nomoya kanye asidi kokungathathi hlangothi kakhulu, okungenani - kancane ane-alikhali.

Umbala we umhlaba omnyama

umbala inhlabathi luyehluka kuye amakhemikhali ukwakheka, umswakama kanye inhlabathi izimo zalo. akhokhe Njalo ukunakekela umbala, ngoba isici kufinyeleleke kakhulu ukuyohlolwa.

Izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu kucatshangwa ukuthi amaqembu amathathu. izinto humic emhlabathini ongcoliswe abamnyama, grey ithoni. Manganese nensimbi unika shades obomvu nonsundu. Ngokubomvu orange noma umbala ophuzi kubonisa khona yensimbi compounds enhlabathini.

Chernozem uba nombala olumhlophe lapho ziwashwa emikhiqizweni ke yokubola ingxenye amaminerali, salinization kwenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okwamanje kaolin, Gypsum, magnesium, Silica futhi-calcium carbonate.

izinhlobonhlobo umhlaba omnyama

Ochwepheshe zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezinhlanu umhlaba omnyama, kuncike zone zezulu.

1. leached. Kwakheka ezonini ihlathi-asemaqeleni ngenxa elibi izitshalo forb-utshani.

2. Ordinary. Inherent ezindaweni asemaqeleni, kwakheka ngemva kokufa amakhambi ahlukahlukene.

3. ashed. Senzeka herbaceous broadleaf amahlathi.

4. eNingizimu. It imiswe phakathi neminyaka yokubola fescue-feather utshani nohlaza. It kuyabonakala ezindaweni asemaqeleni izifunda eseningizimu.

5. Abaningi bazizwa njengodade. lokhu kumiswa kwenhlabathi kwenzeka loam ngemva kokufa Motley-kutshalwe izilimo ezikhula ehlathini nezimfunda.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi enothe kunazo zoke elandelayo uhlobo mhlabathi omnyama eningizimu. Lokhu kungenxa eliphezulu kakhulu humus amasheya oyiyo, okuvumela ukuba stably ukuthola ezithela ezinhle. Ngenxa yalesi sici, inhlabathi eningizimu is kakhulu baziswa amaholide kanye nabalimi.

Liphinde zihlukaniswa black inhlabathi humus ungqimba.

1. ephansi amandla isilinganiso. I nesenzakalo of humus ukujula kuyinto 25-70 ngamasentimitha.

2. Onamandla. Humus esuswa surface 0.7-1.2 metres.

3. Heavy-duty. Humus zingatholakala at a 1.2-1.5 amamitha ukujula.

Ngo abantu, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo emhlabeni black: isihlabathi, ubumba kanye loam, esakhiwa isihlabathi, ubumba kanye loam.

Kumiswa black umhlaba nenhlabathi

Sidinga izinto ezimbalwa ukuze kwakhiwe inhlabathi evundile. Lo moya yezwekazi ngokuyinhloko okuncane noma okusesilinganisweni. Ubumba kufanele kube isamba elanele udaba eziphilayo nezinto ezincane eziphilayo. izimo kwamanzi kufanele kube ezifana nongqi alternated ka ogelezayo nokumanzisa futhi desiccation. Inhlabathi kumele ibe rock ezithile (ngokuvamile ugodo).

It ihlangana zonke lezi zindlela e kulowo mhlabathi omnyama esifundeni laseMoscow kanye nezinye ezimaphakathi of Western eSiberia naseMpumalanga iVolga esifundeni. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ezinye izindawo awusona isivuno ompofu. Uma izwe endaweni abampofu loamy isihlabathi noma ukukhanya, ungakwazi ukuthenga inhlabathi evundile.

Ngcono inhlabathi izakhiwo

Kukhona imisebenzi ukuthi uvumele ngisho nenhlabathi abampofu ukuthola ezithela eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho izimbali ezikhula, ekutshaleni Ornamental, izithelo nemifino kubalulekile ukuba aphule isiko ukulima. Omunye abakwazi ukuletha izinga inhlabathi nokuningi ukwenza lutho, sethemba ukuthi izitshalo ukuzinakekela.

cottagers abanolwazi kanye nabalimi ukwazi ukuthi inhlabathi fresh black ayidingi Umanyolo izikhwama. Ukuze wakhe owakho isivuno esihle therein potassium ngokwanele, phosphorus kanye nitrogen. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi lezi reserves kuyoba yizwe ngokwanele for lungene iminyaka emithathu. Njalo ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi yabo, izitshalo ukuyikhipha izakhi umhlabathi, inqobo nje uma ingabe siswele.

Kakade ngonyaka wesibili emva ukulethwa mhlabathi omnyama kutuswa ukwenza umhlabathi umquba wemvelo ukuze alondoloze ukuvundisa izitshalo. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo ngempumelelo zisebenzisa humus, umquba nomlotha. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, kungcono kabusha enothisa isayithi lakho nge umhlaba omnyama.

Indlela ukuhlukanisa kulowo mhlabathi omnyama kusuka kwamanye nenhlabathi?

Black emhlabeni enezizathu eziningana kuyo kalula zihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo umhlabathi. Into yokuqala ukuthi abambe iso lakho - umbala. Kufanele libe mnyama, ngisho black elikhanyayo. Okwesibili, banake isakhiwo. Black inhlabathi - umhlabathi indawo lapho izigaxa emhlabeni kungenzeka.

Ungase futhi wenze ukuhlolwa encane. Ezimanzisa inhlabathi futhi ubone ukuthi iziphatha kanjani. Ngisho ngemva kwesikhathi eside izohlala elina lizofana ukuvumelana ngobumba. Noma, thatha esandleni nedlanzana emhlabeni ngawakhamela ke yesandla sakho. Chernozem inhlabathi izohamba umzila amnyama futhi zhirnovat. Kuyinto zizathu kanye ukucacisa inhlabathi evundile kakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa umhlabathi olimekayo

Kusukela kulowo mhlabathi omnyama - kuba ezweni eyigugu kakhulu, it is isetshenziselwe izinhloso ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuze ukutshala imifino, okusanhlamvu, aklaba izitshalo, ukutshalwa ezivinini, amasimu ezithelo kanye amajikijolo jikelele. Izwe ligcwele zokugcina, zokugcina futhi wonke umuntu ephoqeleka izimbiza zezimbali. Futhi, umhlaba omnyama selibekiwe ngoba Landscaping eziyinxanxathela, izindawo ehhovisi, ukudweba ka Cottages, izindlu zasemaphandleni kanye Cottages.

Ukungeza inhlabathi evundile ngcono ukusatshalaliswa usayizi kanye izakhiwo bokuphila mhlaba, njengoba kwabantu namanzi permeability. Kodwa kulowo mhlabathi omnyama zobumba futhi elisindayo nenhlabathi ngokuvamile lokhu akuphumeleli. Kungcono silisebenzise emaphashini loam sandy. Inhlabathi evundile at ukutshala izitshalo kutuswa ukubeka umgodi omncane.

Kubalulekile ezihlukahlukene izitshalo endaweni. Lapho unokuhlangenwe kuyoba yohlobo lwazo Ukwakheka, inhlabathi ngaphezulu ngeke zenziwe kanjani. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngenxa inhlabathi okuxekethile. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukuba engadini yakho hhayi kuphela imifino yonyaka, kodwa futhi ingadi nezihlahla nemithi.

Kungakanani udinga uhlanganise humus enhlabathini? Ngokuvamile isilinganiso sakhona 3: 1. Leyo nhlabathi kufanelekile cishe zonke izitshalo. Futhi, ngokuvamile alethwe kumasayithi kabusha ufunde emva ukwakhiwa.

ezolimo imvelo

Namuhla, izazi zezolimo namahlathi ngaphezulu kudlule le ndlela ukutshalwa ukukhiqizwa. nencazelo yalo iwukuhlola phansi, usebenzisa manyolo organic kuphela nezindlela begazi control inkathazo. Nothile Kuveza izitshalo wezindlu kuzoncika izakhiwo umhlaba.

Ungaya kabuhlungu - lokufeza zocwaningo laboratory futhi unqume ukuthi iziphi izinto akuzona phansi ngokwanele. Kodwa kulula, yebo, izonikelwa isayithi black inhlabathi izikhwama noma ngeloli. Le nhlabathi has zonke amaminerali kudingekile, kuhlangene nenhlabathi ezahlukene futhi zingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Ukuthenga inhlabathi

Namuhla, ungathola eziningi izikhangiso ukudayiswa umquba inhlabathi. Abanye bakhangwa izindleko ongaphakeme. Kodwa lapha kumelwe siqaphe. An umdayisi abonakele can ezicashe enikeza ongaphakeme-ebangeni humus inhlabathi humus kancane. Kodwa lokhu kukhohlisa kulula ukuvula - inhlabathi uzakuba ngukukhanya kakhulu umbala sibe.

Kubalulekile ukunaka ukuhlanzeka komhlaba. Kufanele kucace zonke amatshe futhi akhiphe amanyela. Yiqiniso, bona ukunciphisa izindleko, kodwa futhi ukwandisa zabasebenzi. "Zokuzenzela" umhlaba omnyama kuyodingeka ukuhlunga futhi uhlobo ngokusebenzisa ngesandla.

Abaningi balahlekelwa kuyi kangakanani phansi udinga ukuthenga. Kodwa akunzima. Thola endaweni ofuna ukumboza phansi. Omunye iqhuzu umhlaba omnyama uyocabangela mayelana ton.

izindleko

Ngokwesilinganiso, ton komhlaba kanye ukulethwa izobiza mayelana ruble, anamakhulu mahlanu. Kodwa kulapho-oda umhlaba omnyama, eshibhile kuzobiza. Ngakho, lapho uthenga amathani 15 amanani ayo ungawela ruble 350 ngethani.

Ukuze ezindaweni suburban, yebo, badinga amavolumu kuqhathaniswa ezincane. Ezitolo ungathola izikhwama at amahlanu noma amane amalitha. On kwenhlabathi emnyama, iyunithi intengo emhlabeni ruble ezimbili noma, anamakhulu mathathu. Nokho, izindleko ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuncike esifundeni.

Black emhlabeni inhlabathi angabhekwa jikelele, okuyinto efanelekayo ukutshala izimbali, futhi ukutshala izithelo izitshalo, futhi ebeka landscape. Kodwa inhlabathi evundile - akusiyo panacea. Kunoma ikuphi, sizoba ukwenza okungenani ezinye umzamo ukuze uthole Chile ehloniphekile.