Biography kanye namaqiniso kusukela ukuphila Maksima Krivonosa

On the Ukraine lempi abaholi Cossack Colonel okuthiwa Maxim Kryvonos (iminyaka yokuphila: 1600 - 1648), Ziningi izindaba nama-legends. Nokho, ukuphila kwakhe kufana inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu, oqubuke emkhathizwe yomlando futhi kungacimi ngokushesha. Phela imisebenzi Krivonosa lwathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Kryvonos kwaba Scot?

Uyini umsuka Maksima Krivonosa? umlandvomufi ngalokhu Umkhuzi ayimbijana. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kukhona ulwazi kuphela mayelana ngonyaka odlule kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Kodwa zama zonke efanayo ukuthola: lokho akwenza 1648, ababe abazali bakhe?

Ngakho, ngokwale ndlela eyodwa version, Krivonos wazalwa ngo-1600 ibe ongumlimi emkhayeni ompofu. Uyise wayengumGreki wensimbi. Maxim kwaba umzalwane owayehambisa Ayebulewe empini Pilyavetskoy. Lezi zenzakalo sizobuya kamuva.

Ngo M. Kryvonos nendodana eyodwa okungenani. Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi sempi, wakhushulelwa uColonel Cossack.

Ngokuqondene igama langempela lomuntu iqhawe lesizwe, laba bacwaningi ungazange afinyelele kusivumelwano. Ezinye nezwi - ngesikhathi esisodwa wabulala Maxim ekhaleni. Yingakho isidlaliso we edume uColonel - Kryvonos noma Perebiynos. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi Mstislavschine kwaba ngababusi abadumile yizicukuthwane Krivonosov. Kodvwa labanye solo bakholwa - umholi wamasosha kwaba Scot. Noma kunjalo, uma ukuhumusha igama Scottish "Cameron", uthola "ekhaleni we ijika."

Eyokuqala olusemthethweni Ukhulumé Krivonosov

Zonke umsebenzi eyaziwayo Maxim Kryvonos, eqinisweni, lwathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela. Kwaba 1648, unyaka. Entwasahlobo ka Bohdan Khmelnytsky ayenakho ixoxisana nezikhulu we hetman umqhele N. Potocki. Cossacks gentry ukubeka phambili lezimo eziningana: safuna ukuhoxiswa kwamasosha kahulumeni, kube isiphelo sesimiso izinkontileka khulula nge ababusi bakwamanye amazwe, kanye impi athandwayo nge ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Yezingxoxo Rzeczpospolita Cossacks belahla izimo futhi baqala ukubuthana ibutho izihlubuki, ukubhekana nazo.

Nokho, Khmelnitsky, futhi, wanquma ukuba abuthele nebutho lakhe. Esikhathini sawo sokuphila ezingeni futhi wajoyina impi iqembu Cossack Maksima Krivonosa, ngubani ngokushesha yaba Colonel Zaporizhia Army.

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi, wasondelana nabo ukuze Khmelnytsky, eyajabulela izinga Kryvonos lempi, yambeka uzakwabo abaqotho futhi benesibindi.

Impi yokuqala

Impi yokuqala enkulu phakathi Cossacks kanye nabasePoland wathatha entwasahlobo efanayo 1648, ngaphansi kwamanzi eliphuzi. Ukuze Cossacks bajoyine Perekop amaTartar. Ngenxa yalokho, amayunithi lempi Hetman abangu cishe ubhujiswe. Umkhuzi uColonel isipho Krivonosa akuveza limenyezelwe kwakunjalo ngalesosikhathi ngaye.

Okunye ukunqoba brilliant - Korsun impi ngoMeyi 1648 - kubhekwa omunye juqu kakhulu sempi.

ibutho 25000th kwaholela corona Hetman Potocki kwaqinisa e ekamu Korsunja. Khmelnitsky ngempumelelo wakwazi ukudukisa isitha ukuthi unamandla amakhulu. Potocki eyashiya ikamu yazama ithimba nabo ukusekelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ingxenye Cossack sombutho Krivonosa waya ezingemuva Polish ibutho. Kuyinto, eqinisweni, wanquma isiphetho impi.

Kryvonos amabutho waxosha ingxenye ezingemuva Potocki. UColonel mathupha ephethwe wasithatha hetman umqhele futhi inani lamaphoyisa abanethonya futhi wakuthola.

Fight Maxim Kryvonos uJeremiya Vyshnevetsky

Ngalesi sikhathi Krivonosa ibutho yaphenduka ibutho labavukeli yangempela. Nokho, ngo-lezo zihlubuki zazishaye phansi amabutho entsha Prince uJeremiya Vishnevetzkogo. Inhloso isikhulu babe izenzo ingajezisa izihlubuki. Waze ephethwe ngiyothatha into zokuhlala ezimbalwa. Kodwa ngemva kwalokhu isinyathelo amasu wadlulela Cossacks ukuze Krivonos. Ehlobo lika-1648 Lisyansky uColonel Maxim Kryvonos yingcweti Mahnovkoy. Phakathi no-July - egcwele. Phela, lokhu inqaba wayengomunye walaba enezivikelo eziqinile kakhulu. Yize kunjalo, isitha wabaleka, kokushiya Cossacks mayelana ayisishiyagalombili izibhamu.

Kryvonos zilungiswe ngokucophelela ngenxa yanoma yisiphi impi, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kwadingeka abanye ngobuqili in isitokwe noma ezinye lesikwele se. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi edlwengulwa Nemirova sombutho zithunyelwe yakhe scouts. Bona ayegqoke iyunifomu yempi Commonwealth futhi ibe inqaba. Ngakho, Cossacks baba abanikazi edolobheni. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ungazange wahlupheka ngesikhathi esifanayo abalulekile umonakalo.

impi lordly

Ekupheleni kuka-July, ingxenye Krivonosa kwakungasehlane laseBeti ibha castle. Lokhu lenqaba waqiniswa kwafana ephelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ayeba obalulekile amasu isikhundla. Ligcwale ngaseziseleni ejulile egcwele amanzi, futhi emfuleni. Njengoba izindonga kwakubonakala kungaphezu kwamandla abo ngokuphelele, uColonel Kryvonos waya iqhinga esilandelayo. Wayala Cossacks ukwakha eziningi yeselula. Nakuba abanye abantu babehilelekile ukwakhiwa, enye ingxenye yabantu yaqala ukwakha izihlenga. Lapho bonke kwenziwe, le Cossack "kokwehla" kulezi Floating izimoto yavela kuyi-ube nemigodi ngemigodi. Cossacks ukusabalalisa hay, utshani - futhi baphembe umlilo kuwo. I inqaba lagubuzela intuthu isikrini obukhulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umbhoshongo mobile baqala ukuthutha ukuze izingxenye odongeni, lapho nabasePoland engayekanga eziningi amasosha, elinde isitha ohlangothini lwesango noma emfuleni.

Ngenxa yalokho Kryvonos angena edolobheni ungenakunqotshwa. Abavukeli ashaqe arsenal nokudla emafektri. Iconsi izinqaba ezimbili Polish wenza ngempela umuzwa emphakathini.

UColonel sika ukuboshwa

Ngeshwa, izenzo impi ephelezelwa izisulu phakathi abangenacala. Abaphila Besikhathi Cossack Colonel wakhumbula ukuthi ayevelele okwakubangelwa isihluku kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuleli "wesahlulelo ukukhalipha" kwaphawulwa yena Vishnevetskii Prince.

The kungenzeka esungula kuthula empini wenkululeko luncike izenzo Krivonosa futhi Prince. Empeleni, ngenxa iziphathimandla Commonweath Khmelnitsky wabasola kokuphazamisa ukuthula idili. Getman ungeniswe nabasePoland kangangokuba wayala Krivonos hhayi azithathe abahileleki kunoma iziphi izinhlangano izimpi, iyiphi ehlasela umuzi. Yena ngokoqobo kude ngokwakhe kusukela izenzo uzakwabo wangaphambili. Nokho, ezinye izazi-mlando kakhulu ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi Khmelnitsky empeleni wenza umuntu onamandla kangaka izitatimende ...

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjani, kwezinye imithombo biography Maksima Krivonosa liqukethe ulwazi eliqinisekisa ukuthi ukushayisana sina phakathi hetman kanye uColonel. Ngokwesibonelo, kwelinye ezinjalo "ingxabano" Khmelnytsky Kuboshwe Krivonosa. Eboshelwe isibhamu sakhe. Nokho, ngosuku kamuva esikhulwini sombutho sihlubuki wadedelwa.

Pilyavetskaya impi

Ngo Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1648, lapho kuthula wathiywa, zombili waqala ukulungiselela for a impi ewumnqamula-juqu. Vishnevetskii wakwazi ukuqoqa amandla amasha. Khmelnitsky futhi Kryvonos ababehlangana kulelo umphetho. Ukuze abasize futhi amaTartar weza. Zonke amabutho alwayo sawela Pilyavtsy emhlabeni emzaneni, emfuleni eponymous, usebe kuxhumene edamini. Ukuyigcina, Hetman ngaphambilini Krivonos ukuya emuva imigqa isitha. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Cossacks akuzona kuphela owayengakwazi ukuthatha le ekamu Polish, kodwa futhi ukuthatha Trophies, phakathi lapho kwakukhona yikhulu izibhamu.

Kodwa lapho nabasePoland waqala ashona, lesi sikhulu sezempi wakhuphuka nabo isicupho esilandelayo. amayunithi babedabuka ePoland futhi kwase ku kwebhuloho phezu icala. A Kryvonos wenza eya isikebhe futhi sibambe disorder wadala imfuhlumfuhlu khona, okwaholela ngokuwa kwebhuloho. Isitha ubekade uvalo yokuthi amanye amasosha babalekela Lviv ...

Ukuthatha High Castle

Road ukunqoba okwalandela kuhlaselwa Lviv lavulwa ngaphansi Pilyavtsami. Le mpi futhi ayenencazelo ngokwengqondo okukhulu, ngoba emkhakheni amabutho empini wagijima Okuthwesa umqhele Poland. Vishnevetskii isikhulu yena wafika emzini, wathatha uMgcinimafa waya Zamosc. Ngamafuphi, lo muzi wawuyinhloko-hhayi esilungiselelwe ekuvinjezelweni. Nakuba nabasePoland ephethwe ukubhubhisa nedlelo ngokuqondile ukuphuca isikhundla Cossacks esihle labadubuli.

Khmelnitsky unqabile zihlasele oqondile. Iqiniso lokuthi edolobheni - entabeni - wawusegunjini High Castle. Getman zithunyelwe Krivonos futhi wakhe amasosha azithathe enqabeni. Lapho-ke yawa, izakhamuzi ngokushesha waqala inqubo yezingxoxo. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhamuzi Lviv wanikeza omkhulu lomnikelo bese Cossacks wavusa Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi.

yokugcina yokufakazela

Ngo-November, Khmelnitsky futhi Kryvonos waya Zamość. Ukuthwebula le nqaba wayivula kanjani indlela eya Warsaw. Kodwa ibutho Cossack ekhathele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqala abandayo. Ngu ngamashwa ungeze isifo. Lesi sikhulu wayephakathi elinegciwane. Bazama aphathe. Ngandlela-thile wasiza omunye abaphulukisi Izigodlo. Nokho Kryvonos ngisho akwazi ukuqala ukuvinjezelwa Zamosc.

Le nqaba kwaba abayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa, seziya izimpahla. Vishnevetskii Prince, owayehola bevikela umuzi, waphinda babaleka. Kulesi sikhundla, le Cossacks kungaba ukuphoqa nabasePoland sokunikela edolobheni. Kryvonos wakhuluma umusa yokuqhubeka emzabalazweni.

Kodwa Khmelnitsky yasayina isivumelwano ngohlangothi Polish futhi wayala for the Cossacks ukuyeka ukulwa. Leso sinqumo, ngumuntu ukuqondana ongaziwa, kwaqondana nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo uColonel Krivonosa. Wembelwa e Kiev.

Okwamanje imbangela yokufa ayaziwa Maksima Krivonosa. Bathi wafa namanje ezihlupha. Abanye basho ukuthi wayenguNkulunkulu aqedwa imfihlo oda Khmelnytsky, ngubani zafuna lahlani esiyingozi imbangi. Kanti abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sikhulu sezempi sihlubuki sabizwa elambulala phakathi Storming ka Zamosc ...