Behaviorism kwengqondo: ukuziphatha wakho ongayisho ngawe

Ngesikhathi umsebenzi khona kwengqondo njengoba isayensi, isifundo zawo zazilotshiwe izinqubo ezahlukene kanye nezindlela. Kulesi sici, sifakazela ukugqamisa ezinkulu ezindaweni kwengqondo: behaviorism, psychoanalysis nesiqondiso neyobuntu. Le ndlela ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kubonakala behaviorism, okuhilela ukuziphatha ngaphandle ebonakalayo njengoba isihloko kwengqondo. Behaviorism - iyona isiqondiso kwengqondo, ungacabangi izinqubo zangaphakathi ukuthi awatholakali elaphawulwa ngaphandle. Ngakho, Psychology isiba wake okusondele kakhulu ukuba ngesayensi yemvelo, lapho into cwaningo alitholakali nje kuphela lwezikhali yayo. Ingqikithi yingqondo yomuntu, wonke izimbangela izenzo ezithile umcwaningi womuntu singaphetha kusukela imihlola uyalandelwa. Behaviourism kwengqondo sinqatshiwe isisindo kwanoma iyiphi izinqubo zangaphakathi ezingesiyo observation ndaba, isibonelo, ukwazi, imizwa, emizweni, njll

Umlando indlela yokuziphatha kwengqondo

Nakuba singeke sikwazi ngokunembile ubizwe ngonyaka ka okuvela behaviorism njengoba isiqondiso (lokhu akuwona umcimbi-isikhathi esisodwa), ngokomthetho Psychology njengoba isayensi yokuziphatha eladabuka 1913. Ukusungulwa uyise ukuthambekela kokuziphatha kubhekwe Dzhon Uotson, abenqaba ukubaluleka ukwazi kwengqondo. Kuphela ngaphandle amaphethini ukuziphatha Ukwethwasa wamemezela abalulekile ekuhloleni psyche womuntu. Ngaphambi Watson ukusebenza emhlanganweni we-American Psychological Association behaviorist imibono, njengoba besho, yayichichima. Umcwaningi nje wabanika emphakathini wasethula ucwaningo lwakhe empikiswaneni. Behaviorism kwengqondo kubonakala isimo jikelele Yokuvukela umphakathi isikhathi. Imibono evamile umqondo womuntu kuyinto oluhambelana futhi reflex eyakhe Rene Descartes, ngubani ekhulwini le-17, zavela imfundiso kaZiqu-reflex. ERussia, abamele behaviorism zihlanganisa Pavlov (nge ekutadisheni kwakhe ngesimo futhi elisheshayo olungenamkhawulo ezilwaneni) noB spondylitis (reflexology).

Ingqikithi yalo indlela

Imibandela eyinhloko le ndlela iyona "umfutho" futhi "impendulo". Empeleni, ngosizo kubo futhi uchaza yonke indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo. Classical wesifunda ukuziphatha: umfutho kubangela ukusabela. Uma sazi lapho ezishukumisa kubangele ukuphendula eminye noma omunye umuntu, ngeke sikwazi, ukukhuluma cishe, ukuze aphathe futhi aqondise ukuziphatha umuntu endaweni efanele. Kunezinye imiqondo esemqoka, nesebenzela behaviorism. Ngo Psychology yokuziphatha futhi wasebenzisa igama elithi "ukukhuthazana" futhi "izinhlawulo", ngawo uqondiswa nokuziphatha. Futhi isikhuthazo isijeziso kungaba emihle nemibi. Uma sifisa uvikelekile lokho kuziphatha esikufisayo, sebenzisa landula emihle noma emibi. Uma ufuna ukubhubhisa uchungechunge "umfutho impendulo", sebenzisa isigwebo.

isiphetho

Kuze kube manje, behaviorism kwengqondo linendima ebalulekile, isibonelo, ukwakhiwa inqubo yemfundo noma ekufezeni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ukwelashwa kwengqondo yesikhashana. Yiqiniso, zikhona ukulinganiselwa yalena ndlela, ezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha. Irreducibility psyche womuntu eziyinkimbinkimbi kunoma inqubo eyodwa noma indlela kwenza ososayensi ngokwethukela Ephendukela inhlanganisela izindlela ezahlukene kanye izindlela.