Ayikho imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukungqubuzana akuyona ngokuphelele

Ingxabano - ukushayisana eba khona phakathi kwabantu, lapho benquma nezindaba ezithile ekuphileni komphakathi noma siqu.

Igama elithi "ukungqubuzana" lisuselwa Latin, elisho "ukushayisana". ukungqubuzana Social - into social.

Imfundiso jikelele ukungqubuzana

Ngokwemibandela ukwaba izindlela ezimbili kwencazelo:

1. Lugxile isenzo zamanje.

2. It sigxile izisusa senzo.

Kubalandeli indlela yokuqala ingathiwa ngu R. Mack, R. Snyder, anikeza incazelo kuqhathaniswa emincane, abe anaka ukungqubuzana kuphela nokuxhumana nabanye phakathi kwamalungu ayo, okuyinto banemibono engafani ngokuphelele kanye namagugu. Kulesi ubutha, umncintiswano, umbango, njll Babephathana kubo njengoba imithombo yezimpi.

Olubonisa indlela yesibili Dahrendorf, ngubani zakhuza umhlola a indlela ewumngcingo ezinjalo. Uyakholelwa ukuthi ukungqubuzana kufanele futhi ufake uthi ngokwengqondo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene ukushayisana.

A neqhaza elikhulu esivumelwaneni mbono ukungqubuzana etholakele Marx. Waba imfundiso yokuziphendukela ingxabano, kanye imodeli athuthukile ukuphikisana phakathi kwama-class ehlukene emphakathini. Marx kubhekwa omunye wabasunguli inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ingxabano.

Kusukela imfundiso dialectical kusho ezingu ezilandelayo:

1. I izinsiza aba Ukuboshelwa zisakazwe, leli enkulu eyayikhona phakathi namaqembu omphakathi.

2. I kangcono abangaphansi bayasazi nezinzuzo zazo siqu, okumkhathazayo ngaphezulu aqala kubo mayelana isisetshenziswa Kwabiwa.

3. I ajulile igebe phakathi evelele namaqembu omphakathi isigqila, namandla kuyoba ukushayisana.

4. Ingxabano enobudlova, kulapho kukhona ukuhanjiswa kwezinsiza.

Kukhona imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukungqubuzana Georg Simmel, ngokuvumelana is ngenakugwemeka futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi luvimbele ukungqubuzana emphakathini. Uma Marx wathatha njengesisekelo "ukubusa - kwakuwukuthi" ukuthi Simmel - izinqubo dissociation futhi inhlangano, ethula umphakathi izinqubo njengoba nolimi. Umthombo we izingxabano, kabamemanga kuphela Ukungqubuzana izithakazelo, kodwa futhi kubonisa ubutha, bathembisa mathupha ekuqaleni. Simmel ihlukanisa nothando nenzondo njengoba izici esiqine ezinomthelela ingxabano. iziphakamiso kungenziwa ehlukanisiwe izimfundiso zakhe:

1. Imizwelo ngaphezulu amaqembu omphakathi abathintekayo kulokhu kubulalana, kuba ilapho zithola okwengeziwe ukushayisana.

2. Amaqembu babeqoqana kangcono ngokwabo, ukuphikisana sibi.

3. Ukuphikisana kunamandla, ayanda nokubumbana abawugijimayo.

4. Ingxabano kwenzeka acute ngaphezulu iqembu icala lalihilela kuwo, ngaphansi angawodwa.

5. Ingxabano acute ngaphezulu lapho kuba isiphetho ngokwakho, uma uya ngale izithakazelo ngabanye.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukungqubuzana Ralf Dahrendorf uhlola le ngxabano ecenjini lelincane, kanye nomphakathi wonkana, uhlukanisa ngokusobala indima kanye nesimo.

Izifushaniso Dahrendorf theory:

1. Sub-ngamaqembu ngaphezulu inhlangano bayasazi nezinzuzo zazo siqu, amathuba ingxabano.

2. Kukhula imivuzo sezithunyelwa kuziphathimandla, libukhali ukuphikisana.

3. Uma ukuhamba phakathi abangaphansi futhi wayiqondisa amancane, libukhali ukungqubuzana;

4. I phansi okwandisa ababeholwa kuchubekisela ingxabano.

5. I ezincane isivumelwano phakathi kwezinhlangano, i-umbango enobudlova.

6. I libukhali ingxabano, izinguquko ngaphezulu kuzobangela, futhi isilinganiso sabo kuyoba ephakeme.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukungqubuzana kwezenhlalo, L. Coser iyona yakhula kakhulu. It kulandela ukuthi ukungalingani emphakathini ekhona kunoma imuphi umphakathi, amalungu ngokwengqondo ukunganeliseki emphakathini, ukungezwani phakathi kwabantu kanye namaqembu - konke okungenhla, ngenxa yalokho, iya ukungqubuzana emphakathini. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane lingachazwa ngokuthi isimo ukucindezeleka phakathi eziyimbangela kweqiniso futhi okwamanje, njengoba amaqembu amelwe yezenhlalakahle noma abantu. ukungqubuzana Social - umzabalazo amagugu, isimo, ifa amandla imithombo, okuyinto abaphikisi iwukudambisa noma ukubhubhisa Umphikisi.

Esikhathini ukuhlaziya ukungqubuzana social theory Uncenga iziphetho ezilandelayo:

1. Ingxabano - ukungqubuzana tinhlobo letehlukene imisebenzi futhi banqobe kubo.

2. Ukuncintisana njengoba okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi ngxabano kungenziwa ephelezelwa ukungqubuzana, noma mhlawumbe hhayi, kodwa izinhlobo emzabalazweni esetshenziswa umthetho wokuziphatha.

3. Ukubanga uqhubeke ngokuphepha, futhi Ungahambisa e ingxabano.

4. Umncintiswano - uhlobo obunokuthula nemibango.

5. Inzondo njengoba ukuzimisela nokubhekana ubuso nobuso, ukufakwa yangaphakathi akuyona njalo samanje.

6. Inkinga - isimo ohlelweni, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ingxabano.

Kodwa ayikho inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ngaphezulu akukwazi kubhekwe eliphelele noma jikelele.