Asphalt kwabantu. Ukwakheka asphalt, GOST, umkhiqizo, izici

Njengoba omunye esetshenziswa kakhulu njalo umgwaqo-zokwakha asphalt esetshenziswa namuhla, GOST edinga kuhambisana kwabantu kanye nokusungulwa. Kuze kube manje, kukhona eziningana amamaki, izinhlobo kanye zezindwangu. Isisekelo ngezigaba akuzona kuphela izingxenye umthombo, kodwa futhi isilinganiso lichaza ekwakheni amafraktjhini yabo mass. Asphalt izigaba futhi ngenxa yokuthi yezingxenye kungase kudingeke ingxenyenamba ezahlukene mayelana amatshe nesihlabathi, futhi ngezinga zokuhlanjululwa powder amaminerali.

isakhiwo

Ukwakheka asphalt kusikisela:

• amatshe;
• amatshe;
• isihlabathi;
• ibitume;
• amaminerali powder.

Ngokuphathelene imfucumfucu, ezinye izinhlobo zalesi enamathela alinikezi ukusetshenziswa kwaso. Nokho, imfucumfucu noma amatshe edingekayo, uma kwenziwe asphalting insimu ikhumbula ezinzima imithwalo lezivakashi kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu traffic izibuya. Lezi izinto kukhona ngesikhathi esifanayo akhonze njengephayona zokuzivikela isici karkasoobrazuyuschego.

Ngenxa feedstock saziso esetshenziswa amaminerali powder, kuqukethwe ukubunjwa zonke izinhlobo kanye brand of asphalt. ingxenyenamba IMisa powder kunqunywa kucatshangelwa izidingo kanye nemisebenzi ukuze viscosity. Uma usebenzisa amaminerali powder in semali, le yezinto ezibonakalayo etholakala ikhono manzi kunyakaza isakhiwo ibhuloho engamboziwe ne imifantu.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, esihlabathini elisetshenziswa imikhiqizo kakhulu futhi izinhlobo asphalt. izinga layo kunqunywa degree zokuhlanjululwa futhi ukukhiqiza indlela. Indaba kungenzeka ezivezwa indlela ivulekile, kuleso simo sihilela isidingo wekulihlanta. Legumbi embonini kuyinto itiyela. Kuyinto umkhiqizo uwoyela.

ingxenyenamba IMisa ibitume emabangeni iningi asphalt ingeqi 5%. Nokho, uma uthanda kuvuleke izindawo, okuyinto abe nesimo sendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ibitume ingasetshenziswa lemali afika ku-10% nokuningi. Lokhu impahla eluhlaza unika kwabantu futhi kuyaqina ingxube ngemva solidification. Ukwakheka yokugcina isakazwa kalula kwisayithi, ngoba fluidity.

Kwabantu kanye izici eziyisisekelo the asphalt yemvelo

asphalt ukuminyana - lena esinye sezici kuqala ukuthi ochwepheshe nesithakazelo futhi onjiniyela yangasese. Yemvelo okufana yayo kuyinto ukuncibilika ongaphakeme mass okuqinile abamnyama. Ekuqaleni kwawo-okubalulekile kungenzeka abe umbala shiny noma buthuntu.

asphalt konga 1.1 g / cm³. Amazinga ukuncibilika zingahluka kusuka 20 kuya 100 ° C. Njengengxenye uwoyela eziqukethwe inani 25 kuya 40%, kanye anenhlaka-asphaltene ikhemikhali kungenzeka equkethwe emqulwini ka-60 kuya ku-75%. Njengoba ukubunjwa zokucathula iphesenti ukuthi simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• C - 80-85.
• H - 10-12.
• S - 0,1-10.
• Mayelana - 2-3.

I kwabantu of asphalt kakade, kodwa lesi sici akuyona yodwa abathengi abanentshisekelo. Phakathi kwezinye izici, kufanele wenziwe indlela tekwakha izinsalela noma uwoyela amafraktjhini evaporative izingxenye ukukhanya namachibi ngaphansi supergene ithonya.

Izici asphalt yokufakelwa

asphalt Artificial ubizwa nangokuthi i-asphalt ingxube. Kuyinto isakhiwo compact amaminerali powder, amatshe, ibitume nesihlabathi. Found asphalt hot, okuyinto esabekwa uphawu lapho zihlatshwa lokushisa 180 ° C noma ngaphezulu. Uma kusetshenziswa inqubo ukukhiqizwa a ibitume ongaphakeme-viscosity, le ukustaka Kwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa ezisukela 40 kuya ku-80 ° C. Uma ibitume ketshezi, asphalt ke abandayo ohlangene futhi at okushisa afinyelela ku -30 ° C.

The brand eyinhloko asphalt futhi GOST

Nokho, indawo asphalt kwabantu okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kufanele uqaphele futhi ukuthi iphesenti izithako ukwakheka kuthinta brand kanye nezinhlobo asphalt. Namuhla olwamukelwa izinhlobo ezintathu, okuyinto zenziwa ngokuhambisana GOST 9128-2009. ingatholakala lezi zilinganiso, kungenzeka ukwengeza izithasiselo ukwandisa hydrophobicity, isithwathwa ukumelana, ukuqina kanye nezimo of umgwengwezi.

Njengengxenye sha 1 asphalt iqukethe:

• ukuhlolwa;
• isihlabathi;
• amatshe;
• aphathekako;
• amaminerali powder.

Ngalokhu enamathela obukhulu zihlanganisa izinto lapho okuqukethwe yemfucumfucu ingahluka ku uhla kusuka 30 kuya 60%. Lokhu kumele kufake Isidlulisilwazi, Macadam ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kakhulu futhi asphalt ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Asphalt, GOST okumele kubhekwe ngesikhathi enza, kungenziwa ekhiqizwa ngaphansi lokuhweba 2. Ukwakheka impahla iqukethe:

• amatshe;
• aphathekako;
• ebhidliza Ukuhlolwa;
• isihlabathi;
• amaminerali powder.

Lesi sigaba kufanele kufake isihlabathi ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kakhulu, ukungena nakwamanye amazwe futhi asphalt obukhulu lapho amatshe okuqukethwe ingahluka kusukela 30 kuya 50%, kanti nenye dropout ichoboza futhi isihlabathi kungase kwinani kuze kube ivolumu 70%.

I kwabantu of asphalt kakade, kodwa odinga ukukwazi futhi okwengeziwe Iqiniso lokuthi akukho brand Asphalt 3, iqukethe:

• ebhidliza Ukuhlolwa;
• amaminerali isihlabathi;
• ibitume powder.

Kulokhu sikhuluma imisindvo zamatshe ochotshoziwe futhi amatshe ezingase khona uhla kusuka 30 kuya 50%. Ukuhlola ichoboza futhi isihlabathi equkethwe emqulwini ka-30 kuya ku-70%.

incazelo brand

asphalt Wugqinsi (t / M3) kuyinto 1.1. Nokho, lokhu akukhona konke kukhona ukwazi izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-asphalt grade 1 kungaba kakhulu ukungena nakwamanye amazwe noma Macadam obukhulu okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ububanzi bokusebenzisa umgwengwezi kanye nezenzo njengoba engadini ukwakhiwa komgwaqo. Kepha asphalt grade 2, irherho density yayo uhlala mayelana efanayo, kodwa iphesenti amatshe nesihlabathi sehluka kakhulu. Lokhu asphalt ubhekwa isilinganiso kwezibalo. Inhlanganisela lasetshenziswa ukuze izwe ngokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu, Ukuhlela Spatial, silungisa ezinengilazi kanye kumiswa izindawo nemoto amapaki.

isiphetho

asphalt Wugqinsi (t / M3) kuyinto 1.1. Kodwa le ndlela akuyona kuphela okufanele ngabe bazi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma naye emayini i-asphalt, okubhekisele Insimu ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, esiqhingini Trinidad, Venezuela, France nase-Canada. Ukuxuba nabavoti amaminerali, kuhlanganise isihlabathi futhi amatshe, indaba iphenduka ibe uqweqwe oluqinile phezu namachibi uwoyela. Lokhu enamathela lenzelwa ezindaweni esidayisa futhi ebusweni engajulile zomhlaba nasemaweni uwoyela ezinembewu.