Art. 12 we Code Civil nge imibono. umkhuba yeKambiso yobuciko. 12 we Code Civil

Umthetho usungula izimo ukuvela kwezindaba amalungelo ezakhamuzi ukukhomba izindlela zokuvikela kubo (vv. 8, 12-Code Civil). izinhlangano amathuba Legal avele ngenxa iziqondiso, izenzo ezithile izinhlangano ezingokomthetho futhi abantu zemvelo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo enikeziwe ngaphansi Art. 11, 12-Code Civil. Ngokusho imithetho, isakhamuzi angafaka isicelo enkantolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho unikeza ukuthi kungenzeka amalungelo ukuzivikela. Isethwa Art. 12 no-14 se-Code Civil. Cabangela eminye imininingwane yezindlela netimphawu izindlela kuvikeleka ngekwemtsetfo izakhamuzi ngaphansi komthetho.

Yini uthi Art. 12 we Code Civil

Umthetho uhlinzekela izindlela ezilandelayo Ukuvikelwa:

1. Ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo.
2. Yokutakula yayikhona ngaphambi isikhundla ukwephulwa mayelana nale ndaba, nokucindezela izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, ezihlanganisa usongo izithakazelo nenkululeko ngabanye.
3. Invalidation izinkontileka voidable, isicelo ngeminye yemiphumela.
4. Nokuswela izixazululo semthethweni umhlangano.
5. Invalidation ka isenzo kamasipala / isimo ejensi.
6. amalungelo ukuzivikela.
7. Umklomelo ukugcwalisa isibopho kule hlobo.
8. Isinxephezelo ngoba umonakalo, umonakalo zokuziphatha, nokuvulwa umonakalo.
9. Guqula / ekunqanyulweni kwe ubudlelwane zomthetho.
10. -Isicelo Non of isenzo enkantolo kamasipala / isimo igunya ephambene nomthetho.

Lolu hlu kubhekwa evulekile.

izindlela Specific zomthetho Ukuvikelwa kwezobuciko. 12 se-Code Civil (ngamazwana)

Ngokuvamile kumthetho elawula ubudlelwane ezithile phakathi izifundo, ukusungula izindlela ezithile Noma kunalokhu kuvikeleka kwezomthetho zababambiqhaza. Kule ndaba kufanele kubhekwe ubuciko. 12 we Code Civil we Russian Federation ngamazwana izihloko ezifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvumelana sihloko. 475 lomthengi izimpahla quality singenele has ngokubona ukudinga umdayisi ukuncipha sokuboshwa yentengo, ukuqedwa sesimweni izimpahla ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esizwakalako, nokubuyisela yokulungiswa ezikhonjwe ukukhubazeka abiza (uma kwenziwe ngezithukuthuku umthengi).

Ngokusho Art. 1252 Ukuvikelwa kwelungelo okukhethekile ukuze umphumela zomsebenzi nabanengqondo futhi kusho individualization kufanele ushicilele isinqumo senkantolo mayelana nokwephulwa. Kulokhu, isenzo acacisa-copyright esebenzayo. Kulokhu, ukuqashelwa Kwenziwa ngakwesokudla (v. 12, n. 1 CC RF).

Imininingwane yalolu hlelo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunikeza izindlela yokuvikela sokuphathana ngokuphelele zonke zomthetho engenakwenzeka. Lokhu kubangela isimo dispositive yobuciko. 12 we Code Civil.

umkhuba samajaji izingxabano mayelana nokwephulwa kwamalungelo lisabalele ngokwanele. Noma nini kungase kuphakame Ukungqubuzana njengoba phakathi kwabantu, futhi phakathi kwabo nezinhlangano. Ngo Art. 12 we Code Civil ubeka izindlela eziyisisekelo Ukuvikelwa. Abahlanganyeli kwenzinye izingxabano lomthetho kungahle ancike leli lungiselelo, alwele isikhundla salo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Art. 234 we Ikhodi yifa kuncike davnostnoe lomunye impahla, okuyinto Udlule isikhathi esabekwa lesi sihloko sathi engabondli abakubo kungenzeka ukucela ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo impahla ngaye. Nokho, n. 16 Izinqumo plenums ilanga №10 №22 futhi EAC kuvunyelwe ngokuhambisana Art. 11, 12-Code Civil.

Ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ukuvikelwa Kwenziwa esebenzisa ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo. Kule kusobala ukuthi isihloko, obheka yena umnikazi angafaka isicelo isimangalo okuhambisanayo. Ummangalelwa kilo kadokotela acquisitive kuyoba umnikazi owayeyinhloko impahla.

Ezimweni Special

izindlela Iningi Ukuvikelwa esetshenziswa kulezi noma ngezinye izindlela, izinhlobonhlobo izimali ebekwe Art. 12 we Code Civil. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufunwa uhlangothi ubunikazi ezivamile ukunikeza ngayo imisebenzi namalungelo sokuthenga ephula isimiso pre-emption kungahunyushwa njengokuthi ushintsho ubudlelwano obusemthethweni. Uma okumisiwe ngaphansi ukudluliselwa into ngamunye-kuchaziwe ukuphathwa kwezomnotho, impahla, ukusetshenziswa kahle, isilawuli zokusebenza umbolekisi, ufanelwe ukuba zitshele sokuhoxisa kusukela okweletayo kuya nemibandela echazwe kuthengiselana.

Lesi sikhundla isethwe lento. 398 we Ikhodi. Kulokhu, kuzoba ekunikezelweni ukusebenza kwesibopho e hlobo. Ngokusho Art. Ngo 1065 usongo umonakalo kungenzeka ke ukukhonza njengesisekelo zokugcwalisa isimangalo imfuneko lokwenqabela bafeze imisebenzi ngenxa okuyinto umfanekiso ingozi ehambisana.

Uma umonakalo kungaba umphumela ukusebenza zezakhiwo, umkhakha kanye nezinye izenzo okubangela noma okusongela igunya lakhe ogunyaziwe kungenzeka, ngaphezu imputation endabeni isinxephezelo, sokuqeda noma sokumisa okwesikhashana emsebenzini wayo. Le ndlela yokuvikela sivezwe kula nokuvimbela umonakalo, into nje ayifakiwe. 12 we Code Civil. Kodwa empeleni ke uba nokucindezela imfuneko isinyathelo, esongela nokwephulwa kwamalungelo.

Esihlokweni 152 Ikhodi inikeza ukuthi kungenzeka isinyathelo esiqondile kushicilelwa indaba ecatshangwe kolwazi defaming idumela, isithunzi nodumo lomuntu. Eqinisweni, le mfuneko ukhonza njengomdala ekubuyiseleni isimo ukuthi yayikhona ngaphambi nokwephulwa kwamalungelo (isigaba 2 of Art. 12 we Code Civil). Ukukhulumela izihloko 1251-1252 kubonisa ikhono ukunikeza ukuvikeleka kwempahla ebhaliwe yengqondo ngokusebenzisa nokucindezela ngezenzo ezingqubuzana izithakazelo kanye nenkululeko esihlokweni noma ukudala ingozi, umonakalo, umonakalo onjalo.

Ezimweni ezibekwe ngumthetho, kungenzeka izinyathelo elicacisiwe inkontileka. Ngokwesibonelo, inani isibambiso uyokhokhiswa ayemkweleta kuyafana ukuthi we okweletayo ngqo, ngaphandle uma kungenjalo eyasungulwa sivumelwano.

icala civil

Luhilela isicelo mthetho amalungelo zezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Yokutakula komonakalo.
2. Umonakalo.
3. Ukuqoqwa umonakalo okungezona yezimali.

Izinyathelo kungase kuhlanganise nesibopho nezinye unswinyo. Phakathi kwabo, isibonelo:

• ekuthatheni abathwali impahla equkethe imiphumela yomsebenzi kwenhlakanipho noma kwezinto esebenzisa individualization, indaba futhi imishini esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwabo, kusukela kwegazi nokubhujiswa ngaphandle isinxephezelo;
• imfuneko ukukhokhwa inzalo enqwabelene ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ngaphansi nokugcinwa emthethweni, ngibalekela ukubuya, omunye ukubambezeleka ku ukubuya.

Isinxephezelo silahlekelwe (Art. 12, 15 Code Civil) nezinye izinyathelo nokuziphendulela zisetshenziselwa ukubuyisela isimo mayelana nale ndaba, noma isinxephezelo umonakalo kuzona kuye ngokuqondene ukwephulwa yakhe kwamalungelo. Ngakho-ke, lezi amakhambi kuyimiphumela emibi lowo owenze lokho.

izinyathelo eziqondile

Izinhlinzeko Art. 12 we Code Civil zibaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuqaliswa amalungelo, ngoba aqukethe uhlu angenamkhawulo izindlela zokuphepha futhi avumele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kuyinsakavukela esungulwe kusho, ngisho noma zinikwa kona ngoba ngomthetho kahulumeni.

Kule ndaba, ohlwini ukucabangela okumelwe wanezela umthelela izinyathelo. Phakathi kwabo, isibonelo:

• Le mfuneko for ukubhaliswa isimo ukuthenga okuthile okufaka ukudluliswa kwamalungelo ubunikazi. It ithi lo sihloko. 551 (k. 3), uma iqembu lesibili kuya kuthengiselana evades inqubo saziso.
• Ngu indlela ekhethekile yokuvikela ingafaka imfuneko kuya violator amalungelo okukhethekile lokushicilelwa isinqumo Isehlakalo sokuqala nge inkomba umnikazi langempela. Kulokhu indlela zokuhlola ezasungulwa AB. 2 tbsp. 12 se-Code Civil (liyakukhokha nokukhokha).
• Indlela empeleni esasisesisha wokuvikela abameli abathi ukunxeshezelwa ukuhlukumeza / ukwephula ilungelo isenzo zokwahlulela, ohlinzekela izibhalwa ukubulawa ngesabelomali. He sungula zoMthetho Federal №68.
• Isenzo zomthetho ofanayo sihlinzekela isinxephezelo ngenxa ekuqhutshweni ukuphulwa komthetho inkantolo ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esizwakalako. Lesi isilinganiso osebenza emfundvweni zomthetho, eye wavuma ukuhlukumeza, okuyinto has a imvelo impahla bephethe imiphumela engemihle ngoba lowo owenze lokho.

Izici ezengeziwe

Winner amalungelo abantu bangase bakhethe noma yiziphi izindlela lomthetho Ukuvikelwa, ngokuhambisana izinzuzo zalo siqu nangokuhambisana ukwephulwa ezikhona.

Inhlanganisela izinyathelo ezahlukene Art. 12 we Code Civil. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko, abaletha imfuneko phezu lokudluliselwa kokubhaliswa amalungelo impahla ngaphansi inkontileka ukudayisa impahla, ungahambisa yesimangalo ngenxa sokuthola umhlanganyeli, ngubani ngokungenangqondo enqaba azokuqhubela inqubo kuphoqelekile ukulahlekelwa ezitholiwe ngenxa ukubambezeleka sokubhalisa.

Isinxephezelo ngoba ukulahlekelwa kwezimali

Isihloko, sakhe sokunene kwaba, ngokombono wakhe, i- kungase kufunwe isinxephezelo ngokugcwele ngokona uma umthetho noma inkontileka engabondli abakubo nokuvulwa ngesayizi ezincane.

Njengoba ukulahlekelwa kwezimali kuleli cala izindleko ukuthi iyanithobela noma has ukuba lusebenze ukubuyisela izithakazelo zayo. Ukulahlekelwa kuthiwa ashiwo umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa izimpahla okuqondene isisulu (umonakalo ngempela), ukulahlekelwa inzuzo, okungase kwenze ngawo wonke umuntu ngokuvamile ujike uma amalungelo zabo umthetho. Uma umuntu icala wafunda ngenxa yezenzo zabo okungekho emthethweni uyazuza imali, isisulu ongacela isinxephezelo abalahlekelwe yinzuzo. Kulokhu, inani isinxephezelo ngeke ibe ngaphansi inzuzo obungemthetho sitholwe ungumhlukumezi.

zokuzisiza ukuphoqelelwa

Ilungiselelwe ngaphansi Art. 14 we Code Civil. Ukuzivikela kungaba kwenziwe nganoma iyiphi indlela zomthetho. Kulokhu, isisulu kumelwe ukhethe indlela sokuboshwa ukoniwa. Izenzo zakhe ngeke uhambe ngalé kokuziphatha ezidingeka ukugwema izenzo ezingekho emthethweni.

Ukwenza izimangalo

ukuzivikela okusemthethweni senziwa ukugcwalisa isimangalo. Ekubhaleni isicelo kufanele bacabangele izidingo zezomthetho. Okokuqala nokusemqoka, kumelwe kube khona imininingwane saziso:

1. Igama abagunyaziwe ukuze kuxazululwe impikiswano.
2. Ulwazi mayelana kummangali.
3. Ulwazi mayelana kummangalelwa.

Okuqukethwe kumele icacise ngezizathu ukuvela ubudlelwane zomthetho ngemvelo ukwephula, ukusekela izinkomba iziqondiso noma inkontileka. Ukuncenga ecacisiwe izimfuno ngokushesha ummangalelwa. Uma iphathelene ukuliliswa, lo icala enamathiselwe izibalo.

Umthwalo wokuveza ubufakazi ngowamagunya isicelo. Ubizwa banelungelo lokufaka isicelo ukuzibandakanya lofakazi, ochwepheshe kanye nezinye Ochwepheshe. Ubufakazi kufanele kube futhi zikholakala. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ummangalelwa angase futhi athumele ukuphikisa aphikisa, ukuhambisa uhlu lwezikhalazo. Ubuye ilungelo ukufaka counterclaim. Ekupheleni isitatimende kufanele kube isiginesha umbhali kanye nosuku sokulungiselela.

Ukuze ivumelane imibhalo osetshenziswayo asekelayo isikhundla isihloko kanye kokuthola imali yokukhokha. I ngokwenqubo Ikhodi usethe isikhathi esithile (ngokungabi bikho ukwephulwa nezidingo ifomu) isicelo samukelwa ukuba sicutshungulwe. Ngesikhathi esimisiwe ekuqhutshweni abazenzi ngoqobo. Ngenxa yalokho, isinqumo ukuzwa senziwa. Isinqumo senkantolo kungenziwa isikhalo.

isiphetho

Izindlela Noma kunalokhu kuvikeleka kwezomthetho ngaphansi komthetho, ongowenani elikhulu esiwusizo abahlanganyeli traffic. Regulations ukuze hhayi kuphela baqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kwe-isiqinisekiso amandla angokomthetho, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa Ukuvikelwa yabo kanye nokubuyiselwa. Lokhu-ke kufakazela lwetemtsetfo yeningi.