Anti-tank - isikhali ekunqotshweni amathangi. ATGM "Kornet": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

Anti-tank missile nguThishela (ATGM) - isikhali yakhelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuze silwe isitha izimoto zempi. Ingase futhi ingasetshenziswa ukubhubhisa amaphuzu ezinezivikelo eziqinile, lokudubula Okuqondiwe ongaphakeme-flying nezinye izinjongo.

Uhlolojikelele

ezicitshwayo Eqondiswa ayingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni anti-missile (ATGM), okuyinto sihlanganisa anti-tank missile Sokuqalisa nesiqondiso izinhlelo. Njengoba umthombo energy isetshenziswa okuthiwa fuel okuqinile, kanye warhead (CU) ngokuvamile uzihlomisa icala okwenyanga.

Njengoba amathangi yesimanje waqala ukuhlomisa zempi esiyinhlanganisela futhi esebenzayo Ukuvikelwa izinhlelo ashukumisayo, entsha anti-tank ezicitshwayo nazo socwaningo. Endaweni olulodwa Ngohlelo UKUSHISA warhead weza nezinhlamvu. Ngokuvamile, lezi ababili babe sebehlela elilodwa ngemuva kwamanye icala ezuziwe. Lapho akhiwa zilandelana ukuqhuma jet ezimbili ezuziwe kokuba iyashelela zempi Ukungena. Uma icala "yaseZimbabwe" olulodwa ukuze 600 mm zempi eyohlobo, le Ngohlelo - 1200 mm noma ngaphezulu. Izakhi yokuvikela ashukumisayo "iqeda" kuphela ukusakaza kuqala futhi kuphulwa ikhono yesibili elahlekile.

Futhi, anti-tank kungenziwa umshini wokuphehla warhead thermobaric, okuyinto kudala umphumela volume ukuqhuma. Lapho kwabangela wafutha aerosol iziqhumane ngesimo amafu, wona ke detonates, esehlanganise ezinkulu isikhala indawo umlilo.

Lezi zinhlobo Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe kukhona ATGM "Kornet" (Russian Federation), "Milan" (France-Germany), "Javelin" (USA), "Spike" (Israyeli) nabanye.

ISENDLALELO SOMTHETHO

Naphezu ukusetshenziswa kabanzi amabhomu rocket ezinezinjini (RPG) e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, abakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokuphelele ukuzivikela elihamba anti-tank. Khulisa ububanzi RPG labadubuli kwenzakala kungenzeki, ngenxa ijubane kuqhathaniswa kancane Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe yalolu hlobo kwebanga nokunemba akazange ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ukusebenza ukuze silwe izimoto armored at ibanga ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-500. Infantry amayunithi adinga ngempumelelo anti-tank izikhali, enamandla okubhubhisa amathangi at amabanga amade. anti-tank missile guided - anti-tank yasungulwa ukubhekana inkinga ka olunembile imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo sokudubula.

Umlando sokudalwa

Izifundo zokuqala ekuthuthukiseni ephezulu ukucacisa missile izikhali lwaluqala 40s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. A impumelelo yangempela ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezintsha izikhali sewenze amaJalimane, ukudala ngo-1943 X-7 anti-tank izinhlelo wokuqala emhlabeni Rotkaeppchen (uhumusha njengoba "Little Red Riding Hood"). Nale imodeli, kuthathela indaba anti-tank anti-tank izikhali.

Lapho kudalwa Rotkaeppchen ngokuqinile BMW »esibhekiswe umyalo Wehrmacht ngo-1941, kodwa ofanele isikhundla German ngesikhathi izimpi yalezi zizathu zokwenqaba. Nokho, kakade 1943 kuya ngokudalwa rocket enjalo ayesazobhekana uqale. Imisebenzi abangu wawuqondiswa Dr. M. Kramer, owayesebenza eMnyango laseJalimane Aviation uchungechunge izindiza nezikhali ezijikijelwayo ngaphansi kophawu «X».

Izimpawu X-7 Rotkaeppchen

Empeleni, u-X-7 anti-missile kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha phambili «X» chungechunge, ngoba iye kabanzi umklamo oyisisekelo izixazululo yalolu hlobo yezikhali ezicitshwayo. Leli bhokisi waba ubude 790 mm, ububanzi - 140 mm. Tailplane isimame kwaba rocket fin ezimbili ogibele induku arcuate ukuphuma ukulawula evele of hot igesi zone esiqinile (powder) yenjini. Kokubili keel kukhona ngesimo washers amapuleti esingamukeleki (trimmers), okuyinto zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso zommbila futhi umkhumbi ujikeleza PTUR.

Izikhali isikhathi walo wawenziwe wamavukelambuso. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza rocket e indiza, uzungeza kuma-axis awo longitudinal ngesivinini linemibhikisho ezimbili ngomzuzwana. Nge iyunithi ukubambezeleka amasignali control ekhethekile fed indiza lokulawula (trimmers) kuphela lapho isikhundla. Le ngxenye umsila has a powerplant bimodal WASAG ngokuqinile injini. warhead Okunqwabelanayo wakunqoba 200 mm zempi.

Ngo uhlelo lokulawula kuhlanganisa yinhlanganisela sinjalo switch control eziqondisa actuators, umyalo namayunithi kokuthola, kanye reels ezimbili ikhebula. Uhlelo lokulawula isebenzisa indlela, manje ubizwa ngokuthi "indlela amaphuzu amathathu."

isizukulwane Okokuqala ATGM

Ngemva kwempi, emazweni enqobile esetshenziswa ipumelelo amaJalimane ngenxa ukukhiqizwa yabo ATGM. Izikhali zalolu hlobo kutholakala ukuthi ethembisa kakhulu yokulwa izimoto armored ngaphambili, futhi kusukela maphakathi 50s amamodeli bokuqala bahlanganyela naye izinqolobane zomhlaba.

isizukulwane sokuqala ATGM izinhlelo baye waphumelela ezimpini lempi 50-70-yalolucwaningo. Njengoba abukho ubufakazi obubhalwe ukusetshenziswa njengoba silwa German "Red Riding Hood" (nakuba beye ezikhishwe izingcezu mayelana 300), missile kuqala ukuqondiswa, isicelo ubhekene nempi yangempela (Egypt, 1956), kwaba Umkhangisi ongumFulentshi Nord SS.10. Esikhathini esifanayo ngesikhathi 1967 Six neMpi phakathi Day amazwe Arab kanye Israyeli ubé ngempumelelo Soviet ATGM "Baby", iSoviet Union enikeziwe ibutho laseGibhithe.

Ukusetshenziswa anti-tank: ukuhlasela

isizukulwane sokuqala izikhali kudinga ngokucophelela ukulungiselela umcibisholo. Lapho uhamba the warhead kanye nokulawula okwalandela akude isebenzisa isimiso esifanayo amaphuzu amathathu:

• crosshair;
• rocket ku trajectory;
• hit ilitshe.

Ngokufeza shot, opharetha ngokusebenzisa riflescope kumelwe kanyekanye ukuqapha projectile reticle Tracer futhi ilitshe ezihambayo, futhi ngesandla esikhiqiza imiyalo control. Basuke adluliselwa missile Egibela ngocingo, uyamlandela. Ukusebenzisa kwabo unemingcele yokuthi ushayela ijubane PTUR: 150-200 m / s.

Uma izingcezwana uphazamisa ngezintambo impi ibambene ngezihluthu, igobolondo iba unmanageable. airspeed okuphansi uvumele izimoto armored ukwenza evasive aqondisa (uma ibanga), kanye ukubala, baphoqwa ukuba uphathe trajectory of warhead, kwaba sengozini. Nokho, ematfuba ukushaya eliphezulu kakhulu - 60-70%.

Eyesibili isizukulwane: ukwethulwa ATGM

izikhali Real kusukela isizukulwane sokuqala ezahlukene ezicitshwayo semi guided kwelitshe. Okungukuthi, kanye opharetha icala umsebenzi Lesisemkhatsini - ukulandela trajectory of the projectile. umsebenzi yakhe iwukugcina uphawu kuhloswe phezu kwelitshe, futhi "amathuluzi smart" afakwa missile ngokwayo ithumela umyalo ukulungiswa. Uhlelo usebenza isimiso amaphuzu amabili.

Kwezinye lesibili isizukulwane ATGM sihlanganisa entsha isiqondiso uhlelo - ukudluliselwa umyalo ugongolo laser. Lokhu kakhulu kwandisa uhla ukuqala futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo nge ephakeme isivinini indiza.

PTUR isizukulwane sesibili kulawulwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• ku izintambo ( "Milan», ERYX);
• ivikelwe umsakazo amaza eziphindaphindekayo ( "Chrysanthemum");
• ngemisebe ugongolo ( «Cornet», TRIGAT, «Dehlavi").

Khomba iphuzu Imodi kungenzeka ukwandisa amathuba ngivuka ukuze 95%, kodwa nge yezintambo elawula uhlelo uyosindisa warhead ngesivinini.

isizukulwane sesithathu

Inani lamazwe aye athuthela ukukhululwa esizukulwane sesithathu anti-tank, isimiso eyinhloko okuyinto yisiqubulo "umlilo bese ukhohlwa". Operator nje aim kanye nokuqalisa isiqalo munition, futhi "smart" missile nge ezishisayo imaging homing ikhanda ezisebenza uhla infrared, uqobo afeze isiqondiso kwento ekhethiwe. Lolu hlelo kakhulu kwandisa lobubhalo kanye ukubala okusinda, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ezithinta ukusebenza mpi.

Eqinisweni, lezi izakhiwo ukukhiqiza futhi adayise kuphela US no-Israyeli. American "Javelin» (FGM-148 Javelin), «Predator» (Predator), ka-Israyeli "Spike» (Spike) - lo ATGM eziphambili kakhulu ephathekayo. Ulwazi izikhali ebonisa ukuthi iningi onobuhle amathangi ukuzilwela ngaphambi kwabo. Lezi izinhlelo akuzona nje self-eyenga yaphelela ngezingubo zempi, kodwa hit yakhe ngezinyamazane ezibuthaka kunezinye ingxenye - Nenkabazwe engenhla.

Izinzuzo Ububi

Umgomo we "umlilo bese ukhohlwa" kwandisa izinga umlilo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, angahlali ukubala. Futhi ngcono ukusebenza izikhali. Amathuba lashayisa kwelitshe oyisizukulwane sesithathu ATGM kwakuthiwa 90%. Ngo umkhuba, umphikisi zingasebenzisa opto-electronic ukucindezelwa izinhlelo, okuyinto kunciphisa missile kahle homing. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuthandwa intengo on-ebhodini imishini isiqondiso futhi kuhlomisa ezicitshwayo homing infrared kwaholela Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo ingacaci. Ngakho-ke, manje kuphela emazweni ambalwa sebemukele oyisizukulwane sesithathu ATGM.

iwuhlelo Russian

On the izingalo ezimakethe zomhlaba kuyinto Russian ATGM "Kornet". Ngenxa wayo ukulawula laser libhekisela isizukulwane "2+" (isizukulwane sesithathu eRussia alikho). Isakhiwo sinezici uyakufanelekela mayelana isilinganiso "izindleko / inzuzo". Uma kokusebenzisa amathuluzi okulima abizayo "Javelin" idinga ukulungisiswa esingathí sina, "Cornet", njengoba besho, musa khumbulani - angasetshenziswa kaningi zonke izindlela ukulwa. ukudubula kwakhe ububanzi impela high: 5,5-10 km. Uhlelo ingasetshenziswa imodi ephathekayo, futhi ogibele izimoto.

Kukhona ezimbalwa ezenezelwe:

• ATGM "Kornet-E" - uhlelo ngcono nge ibanga-10 km nezikhali Ukungena ngemuva ERA 1300 mm.
• "Kornet-EM" - a sesimanje ezijulile yokugcina uyakwazi adubule phansi okuhloswe sisemoyeni, ikakhulukazi enophephela emhlane, kanti drones.
• "Cornet-T" futhi "Cornet-T1" - ezinezinjini iziqhumane.
• "Kornet-E" - inguqulo ukuthekelisa (ATGM "Kornet E").

Izikhali Ochwepheshe Tula Nokho abantu babemhlonipha kakhulu, nakuba abanye begxeka ukuntuleka ngempumelelo ngokumelene zempi esiyinhlanganisela futhi ashukumisayo amathangi yesimanje ye-NATO.

Izici ATGM yesimanje

Umsebenzi oyinhloko phambi kweminsalo zakamuva guided - hit eliphi elinye ithangi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo zempi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba umjaho mini-izingalo lapho ukuncintisana ithangi abakhi Abadali ATGM. Isikhali iba ezibhubhisa kakhulu, nezikhali - okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Sikhishwe ukusetshenziswa kabanzi Ukuvikelwa kuhlanganiswe ihambisana ashukumisayo yesimanje anti-tank ezicitshwayo nazo ifakwe amadivaysi ezengeziwe, okuyinto ukwandisa amathuba ishaya okuqondisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, imicibisholo anemisila amathiphu ikhanda ekhethekile ezihlinzeka ukubhodloza izinhlamvu ezuziwe at ibanga elikhulu eqinisekisa ekwakhekeni Jets omkhulu ezuziwe.

Ejwayelekile kwaba ukusetshenziswa Ngohlelo ezicitshwayo nge sezikhali ngoba zempi Ukungena ithangi futhi kuhlanganiswe ukuvikelwa ashukumisayo. Futhi, ukuze sandise kwenkululeko isicelo ka ATRA kubo wenza imicibisholo nge sezikhali thermobaric. I izakhiwo anti-tank kwesizukulwane sesithathu esetshenziswa Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ukuthi ifike phezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi esondela eziqondiwe ukuhlasela ke, swooping phakathi ophahleni lombhoshongo futhi esimweni lapho ngaphansi Ukuvikelwa zempi.

Ngokusebenzisa e anti-tank system esetshenziswa endlini "soft-isiqalo» (Eryx) - ukuqala izinjini ezicitshwayo ukuthi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana ke ngesivinini aphansi. Ngemva ukususwa ovela ku-opharetha (module inhlamvu) by ibanga elithile kuhlanganisiwe noMsekeli motor okuyinto enza projectile.

isiphetho

Anti-tank izinhlelo kuphumelela izinhlelo ukuze silwe izimoto zempi. Abakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngesandla, setha kokubili izimoto armored futhi izindiza, futhi izimoto zomsebenzi. Esikhundleni anti-tank isizukulwane 2nd ukuza homing imicibisholo evuthayo kangcono, egcwele intelligence yokufakelwa.