Andrea Palladio: Biography, umsebenzi

Umakhi okukhulu Italy Andrea Palladio, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka 500, kuyinto isibonelo mbumbulu nenhlonipho. Ithonya lakhe phezu izakhiwo emhlabeni ayikwazi overstated, isitayela Palladian uhlukile emhlabeni iqanjwe okuyinhloko olulodwa. Inkosi babenegunya lempumelelo nokwatholakala, ukuphila kwakhe kwakungelula, kodwa kwaba obunobunye njengoba lakhiwa.

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Novemba 30, 1508 emkhayeni miller elula Padua wazalwa umfana, Andrea emkhiphile uyise, wathola ukuthi igama lesibili - Pietro, futhi isibongo - della Gondola. Zazinzima izingane, abampofu akudingeki ukuya esikoleni, ngoba kusukela ebuntwaneni, kwakudingeka basebenze. Ikakhulukazi selokhu umfana uyintandane, futhi ucezu lwesinkwa anakho ukuzenza. Andrea has engu-13 waba umsizi e workshop ye wokusika amatshe. Lapho, uyothola isipiliyoni kuqala esisebenzayo ekucubungululeni itshe futhi wafunda amakhono ayo, okuyinto ulusizo esikhathini esizayo kuye. Imibandela okusebenza isigqila, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile Andrea ngokulambisa e Vicenza, okuyinto ahlelwe ngiqeqeshwe e workshop ye umqophi abadumile. Ngakho engena embuthanweni abaningi abazokutshela ukunquma Isiphelo sakhe.

Ukwakhiwa kule mkhakha

Ekuqaleni, wayehlanganyela kahle umsebenzi zamatshe umbophi udonsa friezes futhi izihloko. Abaqashi umsize ukuba bajoyine inhlangano yabahwebi nabakhi, futhi uthola imali ekahle. E Vicenza, kubangcono ukufinyelela umbuthano wabantu eduze ubuciko, futhi ukuthuthela eduze sezifundo Trissino Dzhandzhordzho ukuthi zingene isiphetho izintandane livele uqobo indima umeluleki wakhe kanye nomvikeli. Nguye yokuzikhethela, ababemi kwelokuthi Andrea waqala ukutadisha izikhumbuzo kwezakhiwo zaseGrisi namaRoma, bajwayelana isiko lasendulo. Andrea wafunda imisebenzi Vitruvius, futhi azibhala ezihlukahlukene kwezobuciko kanye izakhiwo. Ehamba e-Italy, uhlola, imidwebo ngisho namatshe ezikhumbuzo obmeryaet oluvelele bokwakha lasendulo, ngokuvakashela Croatia neFrance. Trissino baba ikhasimende lokuqala umakhi esizayo futhi waphoqelela ukuba wathatha igama euphonic kakhudlwana futhi baba Andrea Palladio behlonipha uPallas Athene. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Andrea iba kuphela engu-30, kodwa manje has a ingcebo yolwazi eenkambisweni bokwakha lasendulo.

Ngo-1534 Trissino liyala imfanelo yakhe ukusebenza ku villa yakho siqu, ngakho kukhona umsebenzi wokuqala Palladio - villa Cricoli maphakathi Vicenza. Umsebenzi wokuqala, kanye nengangibajwayele eminingi ukuthi Andrea usezuze ngokusebenzisa ukusekelwa Trissino, vula wezakhiwo abasha ngendlela ku mkhakha.

I impumelelo lokuqala

Eminyakeni 10 ezayo ukwakha villa ka-Andrea Palladio, kwesinye isakhiwo Kuthatha cishe iminyaka 2-3, umakhi kudala iphrojekthi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi uqondisa umsebenzi ukwakhiwa, landscape design. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe Palladio nokobana izimiso zalo siqu ithobela embonweni wokuthi isakhiwo kumele ibukeke kunye, ngokuhlanganiswa insimu kanye nemvelo. Wacabanga ngokucophelela ngokusebenzisa ngokuya ukuzihlola izindawo, kwaba nombono kweqiniso ezisemadolobheni. Kusukela 1540 wamukela oda ezithile zilandelana ngenxa Palazzo, okuyinto yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni crystallization isitayela Palladian.

Ngo-1545, umakhi iwine ukuncintisanela iphrojekthi of kabusha sehholo ledolobha e Vicenza. Esidala isakhiwo agugile kwakungenele izidingo edolobheni. Andrea inikeza kabusha ayisisekelo, kudala lwaleli esinezitezi ezimbili, usebenzisa incwadi yokuboshwa, hhayi njengengxenye lokubhalela, kanye esibalulekile kwesakhiwo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba ukudala avumelanayo isakhiwo futhi ukwandisa endaweni ezisebenzisekayo. Ubuhle it is eduze zithandelana usizo. Lesi sakhiwo manje into ivikelwe UNESCO, futhi umhlobiso ebalulekile emzini. Le phrojekthi kwenza Andrea abadumile, futhi ungakwazi ukumangalela ukusebenza oda kakhulu emikhulu.

Idolobhana Andrea Palladio

Umakhi ababefuna ukusebenza enhloko-dolobha, kodwa Venice ebuhlotsheni bayo zazinzima. Nakuba ezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu lapho ayengathola ukwakha. Kodwa akazange usola ukuthi inkazimulo yakhe kweqiniso kube kwelinye idolobha. Bambalwa abaklami uwela inhlanhla ukuba aba okhokho baso umqondo ezisemadolobheni. Andrea Palladio, ogama biography ziqine kuboshelwe Vicenza, uthole ithuba. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe wadala emzini nasezindaweni ezakhelene nalo ziningi izakhiwo okunethezeka ukuthi nobuhle endaweni nokuheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Umgwaqo igama layo, Corso Andrea Palladio - embukisweni we imisebenzi yakhe. Lapha wakwazi ukuletha Talan wezakhiwo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba sizosebenza njengothisha umsunguli edolobheni. Sengqondo emgwaqweni futhi segcekeni ezimbili eziyinhloko epha them futhi enzelwe Umbono womuntu. Facilities abatelekile ngokuvumelana, ubukhulu imininingwane ezicatshangwe kahle. Vicenza kwaba isipho sangempela umakhi, lapha wakwazi ukuze lelisu imibono eziningi, kodwa ezinye zazo wahlala sidle ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo 1580. Ezinye izakhiwo ungeze ku- abafundi bakhe. Kodwa ngokuvamile, idolobha emelela nangobukhulu wezakhiwo, yingakho zonke wezakhiwo luthela uhlose Vicenza ukubona salokhu zakudala.

The main wokwakha igalelo wezakhiwo

Andrea Palladio, omisebenzi yakhe ezakha Isikhwama yegolide nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu ngasekupheleni Renaissance, bashiya umlando ongeke abalulekile yizizukulwane ezizayo. Amaphrojekthi yakhe enkulu kunazo zihlanganisa: Roton villa, Basilica of isonto Palladio e-Venice, San Giorgio Maggiore, Teatro Olimpico, Loggia del Capitano. Izakhiwo Andrea Palladio kuyahluka solemnity ukuqhubeka ngamabomu izimiso lasendulo kanye namasiko. ngemva nje umakhi kwashiya abantu abangaphezu kuka-80 izakhiwo zabo bonke osayizi lonke Italy.

Ngaphandle izakhiwo, umakhi bashiya umlando ongeke ngesimo umsebenzi omkhulu "The Four Izincwadi ku Architecture" futhi azibhala eziningana phezu esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo zezwe lasendulo. Lezi zincwadi zazibalulekile emabhukutifundvo izizukulwane abaklami udlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-izitayela ezinkulu: Baroque futhi Classicism.

ithonya Palladian kwesakhiwo ezweni

Ukudala Andrea Palladio ushiye i uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on the izakhiwo emhlabeni. Namuhla, izakhiwo isitayela classic, eyasungulwa ngenxa Palladio, khona kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile. Andrea Palladio, Biography emfushane lapho kuyavumelana magama amabili: "isitayela Palladian", waba umsunguli insimu yonke, "yaqanjwa yena," engasatholakali kunjalo emlandweni bokwakha. European izakhiwo XVII-XVIII eminyaka wadala ngaphansi okuvelayo ngokushesha umsebenzi Palladio futhi ngesisekelo izimiso zalo.

Palladio neRussia

Yena zashiya izibazi, no-Andrea Palladio bokwakha Russian. Amabili umlandeli wakhe oshisekayo, Dzhakomo Kvarengi noCharles Chamber, ekhulwini XVII kwakhiwa ukuma inhlokodolobha Northern. Kamuva Russian abaklami kakade ugxile izimiso ka Palladio, ukwakha lenqwaba buildings isitayela classical eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi. Igagasi lokugcina isithakazelo efeni Andrea Palladio - a isitayela uStalin Empire, ogxile izimiso zayo yobuhle.