Isitayela Impressionism: imidwebo ngabaculi abadumile

art Europe kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwathiwa ahlanganiswe ukuvela the modernist ukunyakaza in umdwebo. Kamuva, ithonya lawo ukusakaza umculo nezincwadi. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Impressionism", njengoba esekelwe okuvelayo ezicashile umdwebi, izithombe kanye izimo.

Umsuka nomlando nesenzakalo

Eziningana abaculi abasha engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, kwamiswa iqembu. Babefanele ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo futhi izithakazelo luqondane. Central kule kwaba umsebenzi inkampani emvelweni, ngaphandle kwezindonga workshop kanye izingqinamba ezihlukahlukene. Ngo imidwebo yakhe, bafuna ukudlulisela ukuzwa, umbono yokukhanya nasethunzini. Namathafa kanye ekumeni kubonise inyunyana umphefumulo nge yonke, njalo nezwe elingaphandle. Imidwebo yabo - izinkondlo of imibala kweqiniso.

Ngo 1874, embukisweni we leli qembu abaculi. "Impression Landscape Claude Monet sika. Sunrise "wayeka shazi umhlaziyi ngubani kubuyekezwa yakhe okokuqala ngokuthi laba baculi Impressionists (kusukela umbono French -« umbono ").

I izimfanelo ukuzalwa impressionism isitayela imidwebo Abamele okuyinto maduze uthole impumelelo Amazing, kwaba umsebenzi Yempucuko. Ukudala abaseSpain Velazquez, El Greco, Turner isiNgisi, uConstable irrevocably kwathinta isiFulentshi, ababe abasunguli Impressionism.

abameleli esivelele isitayela eFrance baba Pissarro, Manet, Degas, Sisley, Cezanne, Monet, Renoir nabanye.

Impressionism in umdwebo nefilosofi

Abaculi abayilobile ngale ndlela, musa sizibeka umsebenzi ukuziqhakambisa izinkinga zezenhlalo lezinhlupheko. Emsebenzini wabo ukuthola izindaba isihloko sosuku, akunakwenzeka ukuthola eziphikisanayo zokuziphatha noma womuntu kuphawulwe.

Imidwebo in isitayela impressionism okuhloswe ngaso ukudlulisela kwemizwa okwesikhashana, ukuthuthukiswa imibala yemvelo engaqondakali. Esikhathini imisebenzi kukhona kuphela isiqalo omuhle, nesigayegaye kugwenywe ohlangothini Impressionist.

Eqinisweni, i-Impressionists akazange uhlupho ukucabanga ngokusebenzisa indaba nemininingwane. Isici eyayibalulekile ukuthi ukudweba nendlela ukuyichazela futhi adlulisele isimo semizwa yakho.

imidwebo ukubhala amasu

umehluko omkhulu phakathi isitayela academic umdwebo bese inqubo ye Impressionists. Abaningi babo bamane benqaba izindlela, abanye zishintshile angaphezu ukuqashelwa. Yilokho ezintsha benzile:

1. wesifunda Abandoned. Yena salandelwa ku imivimbo yakhe - encane nekuphikisana.
2. Imise usebenzisa palette ngoba ukuxuba upende. Bakhandwa ifaniswe imibala ephelelisanayo futhi asidingi ukuhlanganisa iposi ukukhiqiza umphumela ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, ophuzi - onsomi.
3. Saphela upende omnyama.
4. Ngokuphelele bashiya umsebenzi workshop. Ubhale kuphela indawo ukuze yenze kube lula uthwebule isikhathi, isithombe, umuzwa.
5. Sebenzisa kuphela upende ngamandla ezinhle ecashile.
6. Ungalindi kuze kube ungqimba entsha eyomile. smear Fresh Kwasetshenziswa ngokushesha.
7. Sidale uchungechunge imisebenzi ukulandela izinguquko yokukhanya nasethunzini. Ngokwesibonelo, "Haystacks" by Claude Monet.

Yiqiniso, akubona bonke abaculi wenziwa kahle ikakhulukazi impressionism isitayela. Imidwebo Edouard Manet, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi awukaze iqhaza embukisweni ngokuhlanganyela, wazibonakalisa njengoba umculi bathinteka. Edgar Degas kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni akavumanga kuphela mhlangano, kodwa izinga imisebenzi sakhe singasuki yokulinyazwa.

Abamele Impressionism French

Lo mbukiso lokuqala Impressionists ngomhla 1874. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-12 ngidlule ukuchayeka wabo wokugcina. Umsebenzi wokuqala kule isitayela kungenziwa ngokuthi "Isidlo sasekuseni phezu Utshani" ibhulashi Manet sika. Lesi sithombe yethulwa ngo 'Salon des benqaba ". Yena wabingelelwa akabonisanga bungane ngokuthi sihluke kakhulu canons zezemfundo. Yingakho Manet iba sibalo azungeze okuyinto umbuthano kwenzekani kubalandeli kulesi siqondiso yesitayela.

Ngeshwa, abantu besikhathi wayengazange balijabulela leli isitayela, njengoba Impressionism. Okupendiweyo abadwebi yayikhona ukungavumelani ne art olusemthethweni.

Kancane kancane ukuba phambili lilonke abadwebi out Klod Mone, kamuva ababeyoba ngumholi wawo ideologue induna Impressionism.

Klod Mone (1840-1926)

I lokusungula umdwebi lingachazwa ngokuthi ingoma ka Impressionism. Nguye owokuqala sazilahla kombala omnyama esitfombeni, bephawula lokuthi isithunzi sokuphenduka ebusuku futhi ube imibala ehlukene.

Umhlaba ukudwetshwa ngu Monet - kweso, imivimbo olubanzi, ngifuna lapho ungathola yonke ezahlukene imibala kosuku nobusuku imidlalo, zonyaka, ngokuvumelana ezweni sublunary. Esiyingqopha esiye wahlwithwa ukugeleza wokuphila, ukuze baqonde Monet kanye impressionism babe. Isithombe sakhe uma engawenzi ifa ezibonakalayo, igcwele imisebe komoya ukukhanya.

Claude Monet zadalwa umsebenzi emangalisayo, "Gare Saint Lazare", "Rouen Cathedral" uchungechunge "Charing Cross Ibhuloho" kanye nabanye abaningi.

Ogyust Renuar (1841-1919)

Creation Renoir adale umbono ukudlala okungavamile, airiness, kubalulekile. Uzungu azalwe njengomuntu uma ngengozi, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi umculi wacabangisisa kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi wabo futhi ngangisebenza kusukela ekuseni kuze ebusuku.

Isici esiphawulekayo Renoir art ukusetshenziswa nokucwebezela okuzothile, okuyinto engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma ubhala Eminye imidwebo kapende kawoyela. Impressionism ngemisebenzi umdwebi sika abonakala kuzo zonke izinto i-stroke. Man uyabubona nezinhlayiya bemvelo, ngakho njengoba imidwebo eminingi nobunqunu.

yokuchitha isizungu Renoir eziyizintandokazi kwaba umfanekiso abesifazane bonke ubuhle zako ezikhangayo futhi yiziphazamiso ezihehayo. Ekumeni luthathe indawo ekhethekile empilweni okudala umculi. "Izambulela", "Ntombazane nge Fan", "izidlo we Ukuhamba" - kuphela ingxenye encane iqoqo amazing imidwebo ngu-Auguste Renoir.

Georges Sulphur (1859-1891)

Inqubo yokudala imidwebo Sulphur exhumene lokulungisiswa yesayensi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela umbala. Ukukhanya emoyeni ngasondelana esekelwe ukwencika imibala eyinhloko futhi ezengeziwe.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi J. Sulphur imelele esigabeni sokugcina Impressionism, futhi amasu nendlela yakhe ngokuyinhloko sihluke abasunguli, nje kwenza usebenzisa smear ifomu kokudumazeka inhloso, ukucabangela futhi lapho kungabonwa kuphela ibanga.

Ubuciko of art kungenziwa ngokuthi Umdwebo "ngeSonto Ntambama", "Can-Can", "The Model".

Abameleli impressionism Russian

Impressionism Russian owasungula cishe angesabi, kuxutshwe eziningi imiphumela kanye namasu. Nokho, isisekelo esiqine, kanye isiFulentshi, kwaba bukhoma-inqubo umbono.

I impressionism Russian iyizinto ligcinwe izici isiFulentshi, kodwa ikakhulukazi isimo kazwelonke komphefumulo kanye isimo benza izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, iqhwa noma enyakatho umbono landscape uzwakalise usebenzisa art engavamile.

ERussia, ambalwa abaculi usebenza isitayela impressionism, ukuzipenda sidonse iso kuze kube yilolu suku.

isikhathi Impressionistic bungabonakala emsebenzini Valentin Serov. Yakhe "Ntombazane nge Peaches" - isibonelo esicace lesi sitayela futhi ejwayelekile eRussia.

Imidwebo uKonstantin Korovin captivate nge freshness yabo futhi sifanangwaca imibala okumsulwa. Isihloko umsebenzi lo mculi isithombe yomuntu ngokwemvelo. "Northern Idyll", "The Boat", "Fedor Shalyapin" - imisebenzi milestone elikhanyayo Korovin.

Impressionism ezikhathini zanamuhla

Okwamanje, lokhu sekwandile ubuciko lithole ithuba lokuphila okusha. Kulesi isitayela, abaculi ambalwa ukubhala imidwebo yabo. impressionism yesimanje It ikhona e-Russia (Andre Con), e-France (Laurent Purcell), e-America (Diane Leonard).

Andre Kohn omele ovelele impressionism entsha. uwoyela imidwebo yakhe, eshaya bemsulwa. Umdwebi ubona ubuhle ezintweni abavamile. UMdali ephatha izinto eziningi ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza lens.

I emifanekiso imisebenzi Laurent iphasela umhlaba wonke uyazi. uchungechunge yakhe imisebenzi "Kuyaxaka Umhlaba" eyakhishwa ngesimo ngifaka. Langa, elikhanyayo futhi izinkanuko, zingabantu obumangalisayo.

Njengoba ngekhulu le-19, ngalesi sikhathi amandla umculi uhlala umdwebo Plain emoyeni. Ngenxa wakhe bayophila phakade impressionism. Imidwebo ngu abadumile abaculi namanje ugqozi, umxhwele futhi ugqozi.