An-124 Ruslan. Izindiza zokuthutha An-124 «Ruslan»: izibuyekezo, izithombe, izici

Kutholakala ngezansi esithombeni, i-An-124 Ruslan yiyona moya enkulu kunazo zonke yokuhamba emoyeni emhlabeni njenganamuhla. Isitsha sakhiwe yi-Antonov Design Bureau. Inhloso yalo enkulu kwakuyizinto zokuhamba ezihamba amabanga amade wezimpahla ezisindayo nezinamandla ezidingo zezomnotho kazwelonke, kanye nezimoto ezibhekene nezibhamu nezinjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini uyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nokufika kwe-parachute kwemishini yempi kanye nempahla.

Izindiza zokuqala kanye namarekhodi

I-flight yayo yokuqala yokuqala i-An-124 eyenziwa eKiev ngoDisemba 21, 1982. I-crew, eyayiholwa ngu-V. I. Tersky, yayihlanganisa: umshayeli wokuhlola A. V. Galunenko, umgibeli wempi AP Poddubny, onjiniyela bezindiza V. M. Vorotnikov no-A. M. Shuleschenko, kanye nomshayeli wezindiza uM. A. Tupchienko . Esikhundleni sabanjiniyela bokuhlola abaholayo kwakunguVS Mikhailov noMG Kharchenko. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo komshini, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-serial kwaqala.

Ngo-1985, le nsiza yabeka amarekhodi angu-21 emhlabeni. Uhlu lwabo luhlanganisa ukufezwa kwepharamitha elinjalo njengoba amandla okuthwala imithwalo (isisindo sika 171 219 kg sikhuliswa ukuphakama kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili). Ngonyaka ofanayo umkhumbi waboniswa emphakathini wezwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezindiza eParis. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili indiza yavela enkonzweni neSoviet Army. Izimpendulo zabaqhubi bezindiza nabahloli zifakazela njengezindiza ezinokwethenjelwa, ezihlukaniswa nezinqubo eziqondile zokulawula nezinqubo zokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe baqaphele umthwalo ophezulu wokulayisha nokulayishwa okusheshayo ngokulayishwa.

Isakhiwo jikelele

Imodeli yakhiwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso sephiko eliphezulu, elihlome iphiko elikhukhulayo, njengezinye izindiza eziningi ezithwala izithuthi. Lesi sixazululo sivumela ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo izici ze-aerodynamic, ngakho-ke, ububanzi bezindiza. I-aircraft ibhekwa yunithi eyodwa yomsila. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezihlanganiswayo zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa nokuvuselelwa komshini , okwenza kube lula ukunciphisa isisindo sayo cishe ngamathani amabili. Iphansi lenziwe nge-alloy titanium ehlala njalo. I-chassis yendiza iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ifihle ngesikhathi sezindiza. Ifakwe ngamasondo angu-24, ukuze i-liner isebenze ngisho noma kunemigwaqo emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikebhe sinamathuba okuguqula umumo womzimba kanye nemvume, okwenza kube lula ukuyilayisha futhi ulayishe.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-model phezu kwamncintiselwano, okuyinto indiza yaseRussilan eyaziwa ngayo, yizo izici zobuchwepheshe zesitshalo sayo samandla. Iqukethe izinjini ezine eziphindwe kabili "D-18T", ezakhiwe yi-VA Lotarev. Amandla engqikithi yezinjini ayi-23,400 kgf. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zibhekene nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwephethiloli ephansi, kanye nezinga eliphansi kakhulu lomsindo owenziwe. Ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo omkhulu (amathani angu-120), indiza ikwazi ukunqoba ibanga, elilingana no-5600 km. Umthamo wezimpahla zomkhumbi udlula imikhawulo efanayo yemifanekiso ye-Il-76 ne-An-22 cishe izikhathi ezintathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziselwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ngamathani ayi-kilometer ngayinye yezimpahla kungaphansi kuka-2.5 izikhathi. Izici ezinjalo ze-An-124 zivumela ukuba zidlulele kakhulu umncintiswano walo oyinhloko - i-American "S-5V Galaxy".

Izindiza nezinye izici

Isivinini esiphezulu salo modeli ngu-865 km / h, kanti isivinini sokuhamba se-800 km / h. Ububanzi bezindiza ezinokugcinwa kwamanzi kagesi ekugcineni amathani angama-120 ngamakhilomitha angu-4800, futhi uma kukhona imithwalo enesisindo samathani angama-40, amakhilomitha angu-12 000. Ukuphakama kwezindiza eziphakeme kunazo zonke ngu-12 000 m. Ngesisindo esivamile sokuthatha isisindo, ukususwa kwezindiza kudinga ibanga lama-2520 amamitha. Abasebenzi, kuye ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwesitsha, kubandakanya abantu abane kuya kwesithupha. Isisindo esiphezulu sephethiloli singama-230 amathani.

I-Fuselage

E-airliner ye-An-124 Ruslan, i-fuselage inezinsika ezimbili. Lokhu kwenziwa ukwenza lula ukulungiswa nokugcinwa. Ngamunye wabo uhlukaniswe ngamakamelo ahlukile, ahlambulukile, enenjongo ekhethekile. Amakhamera asemqoka futhi aguquguqukayo atholakala ekhoneni elingenhla, futhi abantu abahamba nezimpahla nemishini - ekamelweni eliphezulu elingenhla (lenzelwe abantu abangu-80). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yesistimu yokucindezela, ukucindezela kwehla okungadluli i-25 kPa kuqinisekiswa ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abagibeli bangaba ngamamitha angama-8 000 ngaphandle kwemishini ye-oxygen.

Iyalayisha futhi ilayishwa

Izinqubo zokulayisha nokulayishwa kule modeli zenziwa ngokusheshisa. Ngaphandle kokuqhaqha ngemuva, umkhumbi unemphuphu egibelayo evumela ukuthi usheshe usebenze ngemoto engavamile, ejwayelekile futhi enamandla. Ubude obungenawo irempu, ububanzi nokuphakama kwendawo yokulayisha kuyinto engu-26.5, 6.4 no-4.4 wamamitha, ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke, ivolumu yayo yonke ingaphezulu kuka-1000 metres cubic. Ngenxa yokuthi iphansi lenziwe nge-titanium alloy yamandla aphakeme, kungenzeka ukuthi ulayishe zonke izinhlobo zokuhamba ngezimoto ezizimele noma ezingenzi-self-propelled on tracks. Imithwalo yokuthwala ye-cranes ngayinye ehlangothini lapho umshini ifakwe khona ngamathani ayi-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami bafaka kuwo ama-winch floor mobile.

I-Chassis

Indiza ye-124, i-chassis yayo ifakwe isethi yamadivayisi ahlinzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ama squats. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba unciphise ngokujulile umthamo wezindawo. Ngasinye sezinsizakalo eziyinhloko ze-chassis inezinhlaka eziyisihlanu ezinamasondo amabili, ezizimele komunye nomunye. Ngokuqondene nokwesekwa kwangaphambili, kuqukethe ama-rack amabili (futhi amasondo amabili ngamunye). Ngenxa yesistimu yokulawula ye-rotary mechanism, i-liner iyakwazi ukuvula umgwaqo, ububanzi bawo bungamamitha angu-50. Kanye nalokhu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwamakhono omkhumbi, kumele kusebenze ngokubamba ngekhonkrithi yokumboza kanye nobude okungenani amakhilomitha amathathu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, bekuvele kuqashelwe ngenhla ukuthi ukukhishwa kanye nokufika kwe-liner ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kungenziwa ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ezinye izinto

Izimpahla ezisemoyeni yendiza ye-An-124 Ruslan ihlanganisa: uhlelo lokulawula othomathikhi, isimiso se-hydraulic channel, kanye ne-radar system. Kuphelele, kunamakhompyutha angu-34 ohlelweni lwawo lokuphatha. Umuntu akakwazi kodwa uqaphele izinga eliphakeme lokusekela impilo kwabasebenzi kanye nokunikezwa amandla komshini. Phakathi kwamadivayisi asizayo lapha asetshenziswa: uhlelo lokuxhumana oluzenzakalelayo i-TIP-15, uhlelo lokubukwa kwemikhumbi ye-PNPK-124, kanye nemishini yokuhambisa imisakazo Omega noLaurent.

Izinguquko ezinkulu

Enye yezinguquko zokuqala zikaRuslan kwakuyi-An-124-100 indiza. Yakhiwa ngo-1992 ukuhlinzeka ngokuthutha kwezimpahla. Kamuva kancane inguqulo yomphakathi yalesi simodeli yavela futhi yaqinisekiswa.

Isibonelo An-124A sibhekwa njengesigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza. Kwakuvezwa yizici ezithintekayo zokuthutha kanye nokufika, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa i-liner ngisho nasemigqeni yesigaba sesibili.

Ngo-Mashi 18, 1999, inkampani yaseRussia i-Aviastar kanye nenkampani yaseBrithani i-Air Foil yasondela ehhovisi lezakhiwo ze-Antonov ngesiphakamiso sokunikeza enye inguqulo yezindiza, i-An-124-200 / 210, yokuqasha i-UK. Ngokuyinhloko, kwaphakanyiswa ukufaka izinjini ezikhiqizwa nguRolls-Royce emkhunjini. Okunye ukuguqulwa kwakungaba yi-An-124-200 ngezimboni zamandla ezivela e-American corporation "General Electric". Kuzo zombili izimo, uhla olusebenzayo lwezindiza kufanele lukhule ngamaphesenti angu-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini ezintsha zinganciphisa kakhulu ibanga lokukhipha. Zombili izinguqulo zokuqala nezesibili zakwaRuslan zinikwe ukuba zihlome izikrini ze-cristal liquid kanye nemishini yesimanje yedijithali, ezokwenza ukunciphisa inani labadoti kubantu abathathu. Umphumela walesi sinqumo uzoba ukunciphisa isisindo esiphelele semishini futhi ukwandise ukuthembeka kwayo. Izici ezinjalo ze-An-124 zivumela ukuba zidlulise umncintiswano wayo omkhulu (C-17 kusuka ku-Boeing) kuyo yonke imingcele esemqoka. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokwakhiwa, uma umyalo utholakele enye yalezi zinguquko, kungenziwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-2.5 ngemva kokusayina isivumelwano.

Ukusebenza

Ekuqaleni kuka-1986, kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kwe-An-124 Ruslan izindiza ze-Aeroflot. Ngokuyinhloko yayiqhutshwa izindiza zezindiza zaseSiberia, lapho zathola khona isidingo sikahulumeni sokuthutha imoto enamandla yokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha nogesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi wawusetshenziselwa izidingo zempi. Ngokwesibonelo, bahambisa uhlelo lwe-Patriot anti-aircraft system ngesikhathi sokulwa e-Afghanistan. Ngo-September 1990, uRuslan wakwazi ukuhambisa ababaleki abangu-451 emgwaqweni we-Amman-Dhaka ngendiza eyodwa. Khona-ke i-liner yayibekiwe futhi nge-tank ngamanzi okuphuza ama-570 amalitha nezindlu zangasese kanye nomsebenzi wokuvuselelwa kwamakhemikhali. Ukuze uhambise abagibeli endaweni enezingqimba, iklabhu yayihlanganiswe ne-raba yerobhothi.

Inhlekelele enkulu kakhulu

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza konke ngezindiza zalolu hlobo, kwenzeka izingozi eziningana ezimbi. Okukhulu kunazo zonke kwenzeka ngoDisemba 6, 1997 ngo-14.40, lapho i-aircraft ye-Russian air force An-124 Ruslan ishayisa eduze nesakhiwo sokwakha i-Irkutsk-2. Umphumela wengozi yokushayela indiza kwakuwukufa kwamalungu ayishumi nesikhombisa abasebenzi kanye nabasebenzi abayisithupha bezitshalo ze- Irkutsk. Ngaphezu kwabo, ukufa kwaficwa izakhamuzi ezingu-72 zedolobha. Le ndaba yilapho cishe emasekhondini angu-25 ngemuva kokushiya i-liner ihlulekile kwindlu efulethini eline-houseyed, eliyichitha ngokuphelele. Lapho kucwaninga le nhlekelele, "amabhokisi amnyama" aphethwe. Uphenyo luyitholile ukuthi imbangela yengozi yayiyi-stop injini, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuhluleka kwekhompuyutha yangaphakathi.