Amandla kazibuthe ikhoyili nge zamanje. Electromagnets nendlela esebenza ngayo

Electromagnetism - isethi imihlola kubangelwa uxhumano imisinga kagesi namandla kazibuthe. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu ubuhlobo kuholela nemiphumela engathandeki. Ngokwesibonelo, lamanje egeleza ngokusebenzisa izintambo zikagesi besemkhunjini kubangela ikhampasi ezingadingekile ukuphambuka womkhumbi. Nokho, ugesi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha kazibuthe okujula okusezingeni eliphezulu ngamabomu. Njengoba isibonelo electromagnets. Mayelana nabo namuhla futhi sizobe ukukhuluma.

Kagesi kanye yokucucuza kazibuthe

Amandla kazibuthe kungacacisa ukuthi isibalo kazibuthe ecucuza imigqa, oluba unit endaweni. Amandla kazibuthe kwenzeka yonke indawo lapho kagesi notshwala samanje, futhi yokucucuza kazibuthe emoyeni wakhona yokugcina. wire Straight ethwele zamanje, ingagoba e kwekhoyili. Ngezinye engaba ngokwanele elincane, lokhu kuholela ekwandeni e ecucuza kazibuthe. Kulokhu, lo wamanje ukhulise.

Umthelela lokuhlushwa ekucucuzeni kazibuthe kungenziwa kunakuqala ngokusungulwa kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo ematfuba, isb. E. Iphutha wire e kwekhoyili. I nokuxoxisana kuyiqiniso. I magnetic field ikhoyili zamanje zingancishiswa ngokunciphisa inani inani ematfuba.

Sithola libalulekile. Ngesikhathi iphuzu (it per unit endaweni kakhulu ukugeleza imigqa) ubudlelwane phakathi kagesi mina esiphezulu kazibuthe ukuminyana ecucuza, inani ematfuba wire n, futhi magnetic ecucuza B sivezwe kanje: Encwadini ezilinganiselwe zamanje ukuba V. 12 A, wamanje ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili of ematfuba 3 Lwenza nse kazibuthe njengoba wamanje 3, wamanje ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili of ematfuba 12. Kubalulekile ukwazi, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo.

Solenoid

Ikhoyili wire ukulimaza, amandla kazibuthe ibizwa ngokuthi Solenoid. I izintambo kungenzeka nilimaza phezu yensimbi (yensimbi core). isizinda Kufanele futhi nonmagnetic (isib emoyeni core). Njengoba ubona, ungasebenzisa hhayi kuphela yensimbi ukwakha magnetic field ikhoyili zamanje. Ngokombono ubukhulu yimuphi umongo-non-magnetic Flux ibanga elilingana. Okungukuthi, ubuhlobo ngaphezulu phakathi ukugeleza zamanje kanye nenani ematfuba kulokhu wenziwa ngokunembile. Ngakho, amandla kazibuthe wamanje ikhoyili zingancishiswa uma sisebenzisa lesi sibonelo.

Ukusetshenziswa zensimbi Solenoid

Kungani ku Solenoid esetshenziswa yensimbi? Ukuba khona kwawo inomthelela kazibuthe ikhoyili zamanje ngezindlela ezimbili. It kwandisa ukusebenza magnetic wamanje, ngokuvamile izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu. Nokho, kungaba siphukile proportionality esisodwa esibalulekile. Kuyinto ngalokho ongagcini phakathi yokucucuza kazibuthe kanye samanje ohlobo nge air core.

ensimini ezincane ezizindeni yensimbi (ngokunembile, abo zikhathi kazibuthe) ngaphansi isenzo kwamandla kazibuthe ekhiqizwa imisinga zakhiwa kwelinye direction. Ngenxa yalokho ukuba khona nengaphakathi yensimbi zamanje kuveza ecucuza emikhulu kazibuthe per unit cross kwesigaba izintambo. Ngakho, kwabantu ecucuza kwandisa kakhulu. Lapho zonke izizinda kuqondaniswe kwelinye direction, eminye okwandisa wamanje (noma isibalo ematfuba e ikhoyili) kancane kuphela kwandisa magnetic ukuminyana yokucucuza.

Manje ukukutshela mayelana lokungeniswa. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile izihloko ezithakazelisayo kithi.

Magnetic lokungeniswa ikhoyili zamanje

Nakuba amandla kazibuthe a Solenoid nge core yensimbi kunamanje kazibuthe we Solenoid emoyeni core, inani layo lilinganiselwe by izakhiwo yensimbi. Usayizi ikhoyili okuyinto kudala i air-core kwakuthiwa awunamkhawulo. Nokho, njengoba umthetho, ukuthola imisinga omkhulu ezidingekayo ukwakha inkambu emadanisekako ezidlula lekhoyili ensimini nge core yensimbi, kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyabiza. Musa njalo ngale ndlela.

Kwenzekani uma ushintsha amandla kazibuthe ikhoyili nge zamanje? Lesi senzo ukhiqize kagesi ngendlela efanayo njengoba wamanje edonsa amandla kazibuthe. Lapho esondela uzibuthe emigqeni umbhidisi amandla kazibuthe ukweqa umqhubi, eheha voltage therein. I polarity of the voltage eyenga incike polarity nesiqondiso ushintsho ekucucuzeni kazibuthe. Lo mphumela is okuningi liphinyiselwe ikhoyili kunasedolobheni ikhoyili ahlukene: kuba ezilinganiselwe nesibalo ematfuba e emazombezombe. Ephambi kwezinduna nengaphakathi yensimbi voltage eyenga ku inyuka Solenoid. Nale ndlela, umqhubi kufanele ukuhambisa isihlobo ecucuza kazibuthe. Uma umqhubi asiphambani emigqeni ekucucuzeni kazibuthe, zinamandla kuyovela.

Kanjani ukuze uthole amandla

ugesi Electric ukukhiqiza zamanje sisekelwe eenkambisweni efanayo. Ngokuvamile, uzibuthe uzungeza phakathi coil. Ubukhulu voltage eyenga kuncike emandleni ensimini kukazibuthe nesivinini yayo (zinikeza umfutho yokushintsha ekucucuzeni kazibuthe). Voltage e umqhubi ngokuqondile wakhona ijubane yokucucuza kazibuthe therein.

Ngo eziningi uzibuthe ugesi indawo a Solenoid. Ukuze udale kazibuthe kwekhoyili nge wamanje, Solenoid ixhunywe umthombo wamandla. Yikuphi kulokhu amandla kagesi ezivezwa generator? Kuyinto elilingana umkhiqizo voltage yonkana zamanje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, samanje umqhubi nokuhlobana ecucuza kazibuthe evumela ukusetshenziswa ecucuza eyenziwe kagesi e kazibuthe ukukhiqiza ezinyakazayo lokukhanda. Ngokwalesi simiso, motor iyasebenza futhi ezinye izinto zikagesi. Nokho, ukwakha ukunyakaza lapho udinga ukuchitha i amandla angeziwe kagesi.

Amasimu oqinile magnetic

Okwamanje, usebenzisa lo mkhuba umumo wokwakha, kungenzeka ukuthola i umfutho okungakaze kubonwe kazibuthe ikhoyili yasensimini zamanje. I electromagnets kungaba namandla kakhulu. Uma lokhu zamanje ageleza m lossless. E. Doesnt kubangele Ukushisa material. Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenzisa eziningi ukucindezeleka solenoids emoyeni-core futhi ugweme ukulinganiselwa ebekwa umphumela ukugcwaliswa. amahle kakhulu kwembula elinamandla kuhle kukazibuthe ikhoyili yasensimini zamanje. Electromagnets kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo ayilona ize nesithakazelo ososayensi abaningi. Phela, ensimini eqinile ingasetshenziswa ukuhamba "isiguqo" kazibuthe kanye kudalwa izinhlobo ezintsha motors kagesi kanye nama-generator. Ziyakwazi okukhipha okusezingeni eliphezulu ngezindleko eziphansi.

Amandla of magnetic ikhoyili ensimini zamanje ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa abantu. Lalikade esetshenziswa eside kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, kwi nojantshi. Mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa emkhakheni imigqa kazibuthe kwekhoyili nge zamanje wokulawula ukuhamba izitimela, manje nixoxe.

Nozibuthe nojantshi

ngokuvamile System ukusebenziswa ojantshi, okwakusho electromagnets enkulu ukuphepha kanye odonsa unomphela ayahambelana. ongasebenza kanjani ohlelweni? Namandla uzibuthe unomphela enamathiselwe eduze wesitimela kude ezithile kusukela amarobhothi. Phakathi ukudlula izitimela ezingaphezu kuka-eksisi uzibuthe we unomphela uzibuthe indiza e cab somshayeli ijikeleziswa ngumuntu engela encane whereupon kukazibuthe uhlala endaweni.

Regulation traffic ujantshi

flat uzibuthe ukunyakaza kuhlanganisa alamu insimbi noma inhlabamkhosi. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu okulandelayo kwenzeka. Ngemva ambalwa ngaphambili umshayeli sihamba phezu electromagnet, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa amarobhothi. Uma isitimela kunikeza ukukhanya green, Solenoid kuyinto akukhuthalele futhi eksisi kukazibuthe unomphela emotweni ivuliwe ukuze endaweni yalo, kokuvala alamu abanikeze asebenza nabo. Lapho ukukhanya traffic ukukhanya obomvu noma ophuzi, le electromagnet sivaliwe, bese emva kokubambezeleka, kusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo amabhuleki, yebo, uma ukhohlwe ukwenza umshayeli. Brake wesifunda (kanye umsindo) ixhunywe kunethiwekhi kusukela eksisi ukuzungeza uzibuthe. Uma uzibuthe ngesikhathi ukubambezeleka uphindela endaweni yalo, kwabhoboka ayicushiwe.