Amachibi umnenke: indlela kuyingozi?

Bambalwa alindele Iqhinga kusukela cochlea. Abaningi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha kancane phansi ngalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile. Bangobani, lezi iminenke? Futhi kungakhathaliseki angenasawoti umnenke empeleni yingozi?

igama

Umnenke - kummeleli kwezilwane. It kungokwalabo uhlobo silwanyana, ekilasini Gastropoda noma gastropods. kwakheka igama Gastropoda isiLatini futhi lisuselwa emagameni amabili ngesiGreki, ukubaluleka eseduze zazo - the "isisu" futhi "unyawo". Igama Russian lalesi silwane - "umnenke" - a izimpande ngesiSlavonic. Kuyinto ungwaqa ne Isiphawulo esithi "eziyize." It kuvela ukuthi yonke igama kubonakala omunye izici silwanyana. Latin igxile indlela ukunyakaza, futhi isiRashiya egcizelelwayo endlini eziyize, okuyinto ngemuva besikhumba saleso silwane.

Sakhiwo ejwayelekile

Umnenke - ejwayelekile gastropod, has udonga lwangaphandle futhi umzimba. Okumangazayo ukuthi umzimba kanyekanye yenza imisebenzi ukunyakaza nesisu. Ngenhla kuba crease ekhethekile, othiwa nesiphuku. Isikhala phakathi kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa futhi ingaphakathi umzimba libizwa nesiphuku. Ngaphakathi kuwo kunechweba USiphon, oludlula emanzini, nomoya-mpilo kanye yokuveza elizenzekelayo zokususa imfucuza ketshezi. Njengoba ungase ucabange, lokhu kusebenza futhi nakulabo iminenke ezihlala emanzini. Uma leso silwane ezweni, ngalo ingaphakathi isiphuku kuyinto wamaphaphu bakudala, esikhundleni zokuphefumula.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana izinhlobo

Emvelweni, gastropods impela eningi. Ososayensi baye eqoshiwe angaphezu kuka-110 eziyinkulungwane. Species. Bonke zihlukaniswe 3 amaqembu ayinhloko:

• izilwane zasolwandle;
• zinhlobo angenasawoti;
• ezweni iminenke.

Eqinisweni, ukuhlukana zingancishiswa kuya gill namafomu yamaphaphu. Kodwa ngeke sizama ukuthola okuseduzane kuyinto ifomu elilodwa kuphela. Kuyinto umnenke angenasawoti.

Amachibi iminenke: Danger

Ababulali esibi kunazo emhlabeni Awekho ezinkulu ezizingelayo, futhi iminenke encane ayinangozi. Nakuba kokubili kungenziwa ngokuthi isilwane okungenangozi iyiphi i-akhawunti cishe 10,000 kubulala abantu unyaka ngamunye? Kuyinto ihaba. Unesithakazelo, lokho kuyingozi angenasawoti iminenke? Kanjani isilwane ukuthi akanawo amazinyo abukhali futhi izimpiko eside, ukubulala indoda? Ake ngichaze.

Nsuku zonke kwamanzi ahlanzekile uthola omningi imfucuza, kuhlanganise isilwane futhi indle. I ezinodaka mass amanzi sanda izilwanyana eziwuhlupho. angenasawoti umzimba iminenke axazulule izimuncagazi ezincane bohlobo lwe-Schistosoma, okuyinto ukuthi ziphathe abantu.

Amachibi umnenke killer kubangela isifo esibi, okuthiwa schistosomiasis. Inani elikhulu of the izimuncagazi zingene isikhumba futhi baqala ukwanda kwabo. Ngokusho ngezigaba international, schistosomiasis - wesibili (ngemva umalaleveva) tropical isifo nokudlanga emhlabeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuphela ezwekazini lase-Afrika schistosomiasis ogulayo abantu abangaphezu kuka-207 million, kodwa labo abangeke bakwazi ukucela usizo nje kuphela. Ngokwezibalo, 25% abantu abathintekayo afe.

Wenzenjani ungenwe

Amachibi umnenke ukubulala abantu, zokuthelela amanzi schistosome izibungu. Kuyinto emizimbeni yabo izibungu kukhona Esigabeni sokuqala nentuthuko. umjikelezo Schistosome ukuphila kunalokho xaka. Abantu ageze, ugeze, singaphuzi amanzi emithombo amachibi angcolile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nje kubenze wade. Ngo fresh iminenke amanzi atholakala emzimbeni okuyinto ixazululwe sporocysts zazo nokuthuthukisa flukes. Eza ephuma emzimbeni ngaso leso umnenke bese ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile emanzini, engena isikhumba womuntu emgudwini wegazi. Ukuze imikhumbi emikhulu futhi capillary flukes uthuthe zibe umthambo portal noma esinyeni.

Phakathi ukuthuthelwa ezidala yakha waphinda kokushintsha, ziba izimpethu omdala zabo bobubili ubulili. Ukwakheka olukhethekile isakhiwo schistosome amaprotheni kuwenza nzima noma kungenzeki engabonakali amasosha omzimba womuntu. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzalela izinambuzane izinombolo ngendlela engakholeki. Amasosha omzimba kwenzeka kuphela ngemva abantu kwabobulili zalala futhi wabeka amaqanda. Ngemva wamathumbu noma esinyeni amaqanda ukuna emuva ku imvelo. Amaqanda kusukela emuva amanzi emzimbeni mollusk. Bese lomnenke angenasawoti aphinde abulale, Ngokuqhubeka umjikelezo we schistosomes.

Tsikariya sokungena esikhunjeni ekuthuthukiseni abantu abavuthiwe abazokwazi imifanekiso, kuthatha cishe 65 izinsuku. Insikazi kukhulu kunenani besilisa. ikhule kusuka 7 kuya ku-20 mm. Schistosomes siphile kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuya ku-30, uveza ukuthi izigidigidi nesikhathi amaqanda.

Amachibi umnenke, kuyisinyathelo adingekayo ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe schistosomes, ezivamile emanzini Afrika, Middle kanye naseMpumalanga Ekude, i-Ningizimu Melika kanye ne-Philippines.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi kukhona isifo

Izimpawu schistosomiasis kuyingozi ngoba kukhona ngaleso sikhathi, futhi lapho umzimba aqoqana omningi amaqanda ezidala. Ekuqaleni, ngemuva kokuvakashela izindawo eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuba banake ububomvu kanye ukuluma kwesikhumba ukuxhumana amanzi ahlanzekile.

Ngemva 1-2 izinyanga emva KWAMAGUNDANE kokuqala ukubonakala kwezimpawu. Basuke ukuzwakala okunomkhuhlane isimo, Ukugodola, ukukhwehlela, kanye muscle soreness. Kodwa iningi izimpawu elinegciwane eyinhloko kungukuthi wazizwa. Bayaqonda ukuthi begula, kodwa uma ethuthukisa schistosomiasis ezingamahlalakhona. Izimpawu zalesi sifo yilezi:

• ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu;
• ascites, okungukuthi ukuvuvukala;
• uhudo olunegazi;
• ubuhlungu uma uchama, igazi umchamo;
• iphika;
• ukhwehlela;
• palpitations, ubuhlungu besifuba;
• esinqunyiwe noma ephelele ukukhubazeka;
• okuthile engqondweni.

Examination, ukuhlolwa, ukwelashwa

Uma sengibuyile ngamaholide noma yebhizinisi emazweni lapho schistosomiasis kudlangile, umuntu uqala ukuzwa isifo eziyinqaba, kubalulekile ukuba ubheke parasitologist noma izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ikakhulukazi uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ezikhangayo abantu bendawo nabo amanzi emifuleni noma emachibini. Ngo ichibi, lapho evamile angenasawoti umnenke, akusho ukuthi ukubhukuda. Kwanele ahlale ogwini, izinyawo emanzini phansi, noma unomphela wehlise ingalo yakhe emanzini ngesikhathi uhambo yesikebhe.

Izimpawu schistosomiasis zifana ngezinye zezifo ezithathelwanayo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba kudlule ezinye indle kanye nomchamo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (i-PCR) sembula inkinga kuphela izigaba eziphambili kakhulu lesi sifo, njengoba amasosha omzimba kuyobe kungakazukufika masinyane.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke umuntu colonoscopy, cystoscopy noma biopsy. Ultrasound,-X-ray, i-MRI nokunye ukuhlolwa angasetshenziswa ukucacisa degree zalesi sithako.

Njengoba ukwelashwa uqokwa reception "Praziquantel". Umthamo ibalwa esekelwe isisindo isiguli, isikhathi reception kunqunywa udokotela. Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela zingahlanganiswa nge ukulungiswa "Artesunate".

Ngemva ukwelashwa, isiguli kufanele uthole aphoyintimenti uvivinyo indle kanye nomchamo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimuncagazi ayafa.

Amachibi iminenke. Predator Helena

Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene iminenke angenasawoti abahlala amanzi evulekile, futhi angenasawoti okugcinwa. Olunye uhlobo - umnenkhe Helena. Lokhu ubuhle esiyingozi uhlala eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. It has a ukubukeka elikhanyayo futhi ekhangayo futhi uyakwazi ukudla gastropods ezincane.

Sink Helena ehlotshisiwe ngemivimbo okungafani omnyama amber. Inhloko is side imbaza like lezi. Helena umzimba nezinala, kuyahlanganiswa nezinkulungwane amachashazi amnyama. Nature BakaJehova beye balungiselela le yingozi nomzingeli ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile ipuleti. Besezimweni eziyingozi, lomnenke evala umnyango eyisa echibini eyizingqabavu "umnyango".

Shellfish Helena ngokuvamile agcinwe njengoba angenasawoti aquarium iminenke. Asiza inciphise ulwelwe tadpoles, mollusk kanye nezinye izinhlobo umnenke.

umnenke esinezimpondo

Lezi mollusk angenasawoti zaziwa Neritina umndeni. Ziyakwazi kuvamile Ezindaweni eningizimu. Found in amanzi Japan, Thailand, i-Philippines, China ne-Indonesia. Shellfish ukhetha zemifula Stony noma phansi sandy.

Umnenke has a Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ngesimo neziqu abukhali. Izimpondo okwesabisa away ezizingelayo, uzama ukubamba Umnenke.

Umbala amagobolondo siqukethe bands umbala ezimbili. Omunye wabo ophuzi, omunye - black. abantu basemadolobheni elikhanyayo Small ngokuvamile bazithola abanikazi angenasawoti okugcinwa. Bona ahlanze ulwelwe okweqile kusukela Driftwood, imihlobiso kanye izibuko. shellfish esinezimpondo uzwane kakhulu nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga aquarium, kwasinda, mhlawumbe, owukuphela umnenke Helena.

ampulyarii umnenke

Amachibi ampulyarii ezitholakala eNingizimu Melika Asia amadamu. Lokhu enhle clams multi anemibala ne ezine abukhali amadevu umzimba. Umbala ampulyarii Akumangalisi ahlukahlukene. Kuyinto lonke emkhayeni mollusk lapho kukhona okungenani 120 zinhlobo, ngamunye ephethe nombala ohlukile. mollusc umzimba lingafika ku 7 cm ubude. Phakathi izici of uhlobo zihlanganisa khona gills namaphaphu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo uhlala emanzini angajulile. Ampulyarii abe inqubo ekhethekile, esisuka bakwazi umoya osemkhathini, ngisho emanzini.

Ampulyarii efana amanzi afudumele (kufika ku-28 ° C) hhayi fastidious kakhulu umsoco. Bona uvumelane osugugile nemifino, nenhlanzi feed, izingcezu ezincane zezinhlanzi. Uma amanzi ethangini kubanda, ampulyarii abese elala phansi ukulala ngokuvala uhlelo igobolondo isivalo.

Aquarists uyakuthanda lo mkhaya ukuthi ayini silondoloze ukuhlanzeka esitsheni. Ampulyarii pick sahlala phansi izinhlayiyana zokudla futhi ulwelwe efile.

Melania umnenke

Lolu hlobo gastropods rasprastranen lonke Afrika futhi endaweni ebanzi kakhulu. Emvelweni, uncamela imizimba ezincane amanzi nge kancane egeleza. Kodwa uMelanie othanda ngezansi ezinamadwala, uncamela isihlabathi silty noma umcamelo. Ngesisekelo ekudleni iminenke - ephansi izinsalela isigamu-sesibolile ulwelwe kanye udaba eziphilayo. Sink Melania side ijamo ithiphu abukhali. Din umbala elisukela abamnyama ukukhanya brown.

Cishe noma yimuphi fresh-amanzi umnenke isithombe ozosithola, uyobheka amahle ezikhangayo. Nokho, akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi lezi clams ziyingozi enkulu. Uma umnikazi aquarium ufuna ukuba isilwane esinjalo, exhunyiwe kwezinye izinhlanzi, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibanjwa iminenke ngokwabo noma owabathenga esitolo isilwane kuyakuyiswa zonke molluscs igcinwe ngokuhlukaniswa. Amachibi iminenke ifakwa ethangini ezingenalutho (ngaphandle ulwelwe kanye nezinye izakhamuzi) futhi aphethwe cishe 4 amaviki e isixazululo ezibuthakathaka potassium permanganate. Khona-ke isilwane ngamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba le nqubo avunyelwe aquarium jikelele. Nakuba, khumbula, lomnenke angenasawoti kuyingozi ngoba umuntu ukubamba emanzini zemvelo akuyona isilwane ezifiselekayo. Kungani adalule ngokwakho ingozi yokungenwa yilesi schistosomiasis?