A ingxube esithandweni wokwakha refractory: ukwakheka kanye intengo. Yini Ingxenye wokwakha of amaziko isixazululo?

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka kuhhavini ezinhle kubhekwa isisekelo ikhaya elihle. Akukhona nje kuphela umthombo ukushisa. Unina walungisa ngisho nalapho ephumule. Ngazo zonke izikhathi inkosi wokwakha abahlonishwayo ngabantu. It kwakuxhomeke ikhono lazo ukuxoxa futhi ethokomele endlini Ngezinsuku zasebusika ezibandayo ku. Phakathi esithandweni wokwakha akukho izingxenye engabalulekile noma imininingwane. Lapha, konke kubalulekile. Isixazululo kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze wokwakha esithandweni. Ingxenye yalo kufanele ilandelwe ncamashi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ukhethe izingxenye kwesokudla. Okulandelayo cabanga kuyini ingxube esithandweni akhiwe.

Uhlolojikelele

Ukwakheka esithandweni isixazululo wokwakha ingase ihlanganise izingxenye ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela izinga mix kuzoncika umphumela wokugcina. Ikakhulukazi, ukwakheka ngoba wokwakha esithandweni inikeza amandla, ukushisa ukumelana naso futhi kwenze yobunzima. Ukungabi noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu kwanoma iyiphi ingxenyana kungaholela kuwukwephula ubuqotho, ngokuhlaziya isakhiwo ukuvuza yamagesi unburned. Ukuze ukwakhiwa esetshenziswa izitini Ceramic nobumba ingxube wokwakha esithandweni. Kuthathwa ukwaziswa kwekhethelo walezinto kokungathembeki. Nokho, awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi nethuba ukusebenzisa ubumba.

Izici Zabantu impahla

Yini kungaba ikhambi wokwakha esithandweni? Olinganise izingxenye cementitious zinqunywa isabelo impahla. Ngakho, kungashiwo ngqo esetshenziselwa uxhumano kanye nenkanuko edlulele we timphawu tesakhiwo noma ukukhonza kuze kube sekugcineni. Inhlanganisela ngoba esithandweni akhiwe elakhiwa eyodwa, kodwa binders ezimbili ingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngobumba, isib, usebenzisa usimende. Filler ukunikeza rigidity isixazululo ajiya. A isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona elincane le ngxenye ngeke umonakalo ngempela ukuba izinga ukwakhiwa. Kodwa kakhulu ukunciphisa amandla ngisho ingxenye encane ngokweqile isibopho ingxenye. Kulokhu sikhuluma nobumba. Ngakho-ke, lokho kubhekwa njengokuzijabulisa ukuthi esingaphansi ikhambi, ayanda izinga. Kodwa ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele ubumba ngomcako noma usimende akudingekile. Ukuvumelana ingxube for wokwakha amaziko kumele kube ngokwanele viscous and plastic. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo akufanele kube uketshezi noma sidilike. On umzimba esithandweni ayivunyelwe ezivuzayo obukhulu. usayizi yabo elilungile - 1-3 amamilimitha angu. Shortbread okusanhlamvu akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-1 mm. Uma usebenzisa ingxenyenamba indawo esihlabathini ushintsho. ngezabelo yayo ngqo kuzoncika izinga ubumba. Ngokwesibonelo, "mncane" idinga nokuncipha ivolumu, kanye isilinganiso okunamafutha buhlanjululwe 1 h. Futhi 2 h nobumba. Sand. Ukuze eliphezulu ngobumba yamathebhu emihle elandelayo olinganise - 1: 1.

izithasiselo

Ngokubona kwayo, inkosi kungenzeka zifakwe isixazululo usimende kanye nosawoti. Ngokwe-esezingeni admixture yabo is akulindelekile. Kodwa uma kungenzeki ukuba unqume ukwenza eyinkimbinkimbi isixazululo, isidingo ukuhlangabezana olinganise ezilandelayo: 10 amakhilogramu ubumba kudinga 150 g sikasawoti, 1 kg kasimende M400. Futhi kudingeka ezimbili amabhakede isihlabathi nobumba. Lomqulu kuyoba okwanele ukuba izitini engamakhulu ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe.

Ukuxuba futhi Quality Assurance

Okokuqala, umkhombe ligcwele udaka. Kumelwe uthele amanzi e nomqulu omncane. Clay kwesokunxele isikhathi amahora ayisithupha ezinsukwini ezimbili, ukuze ofakwe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ke enyakaza. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi agqoke amabhuzu enjoloba futhi ninyathele nobumba. Amanzi kuyadingeka ukuthatha 1/4 umthamo izinto zokusetshenziswa etholakalayo. Okulandelayo, engeza isihlabathi sifted. Yonke le ngxube enyakaza nge lokwela. Hlola ukungaguquguquki yezingozi ukuziphatha mass. Uma lokwela isixazululo umba kancane, ukuxutshwa kungaqedwa. Ukuze sithole plasticity kufanele kube encane izimpumputhe msila obuphelele 20 ukujiya 1.5 cm. Kufanele ukuxhuma pyatisantimetrovym emhlabeni izinkuni. Umsila kumelwe ukunweba ngokulinganayo. Uma idabukile, kumele kube semikhawulweni igcinwe abukhali. Uma kungekho imifantu at bend ke ikhambi amafutha amaningi. Ngakho, ukuba khona eziningi mass unokungaxhumani "izacile." Esimeni sesibili, kufanele ufake ubumba, nangekhulu lokuqala - esihlabathini. Ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka uthole e kwengobe we imifantu eziyingcosana.

Ukwahlukaniswa izinto

It is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ingxube ubumba ngefasitele, okuyinto kunqoba ophahleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenxa ukufingqa ukwakha imifantu nobumba, futhi kucekelwa phansi. Ukuvimbela ezifana nezimo ingxube wokwakha somlilo inkhulumo lelungiselelwe usebenzisa lime putty. Inketho efanayo kufanelekile ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kwesisekelo. Ukuze isixazululo 1 ingxenye esetshenziswa lime putty futhi 3 izingxenye isihlabathi. Ukuze ingxenye yokuqala exutshwa ihora elingu-1. Lime (quicklime) kanye 3 amahora. Amanzi. Ukuvumelana esemazweni main kufana kuncibilike ubumba amafutha. I kwabantu of eliphezulu lime putty - 1400 kg / cu. m. Ungathenga ngomumo mix wokwakha esithandweni. Slaked lime efektri kumagumbi ekhethekile nokusetshenziswa imishini okhethiwe. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukwenza inhlama ngokwakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lime kungabangela ukusha yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula kanye isikhumba. okuqukethwe inhlama amafutha kuthinta inani isihlabathi added. Uma kuvuswe, kuzothatha izingxenye 5 yamathebhu. Kulokhu, ukuvumelana yesixazululo kuyoba evamile. Ngaphambi ukuxuba yezingxenye, inhlama kumele kube ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungo, okuyinto amaseli kufanele kube ngu-1 x 1 cm. Ukwengezwa amanzi ukufeza ukungaguquguquki up isixazululo oyifunayo.

Ukusetshenziswa usimende

Le ngxenye kuzokhulisa amandla yesixazululo. Ungqimba kwaphumela ne izingxenye ezimbili iyathambisa futhi yamathebhu has a ukumelana umswakama. High ingxube refractory ngoba wokwakha amaziko, chimneys futhi izisekelo uzilungiselele ngokuxuba yezingxenye ku isilinganiso ezilandelayo:

• 1 okuyingxenye usimende;
• 2 izingxenye lime unama;
• izingxenye 8-10 isihlabathi.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba uthole ukuthi uhlanganise yezingxenye nesibongo. Ndawonye nale inhlama ezinye izikebhe buhlanjululwe ngamanzi esimweni viscous. Bese wengeza izithako ezomile kuwo. Yonke Isisindo okuxubile. Ukuze uthole viscosity oyifunayo, amanzi yengezwe ngo nengcosana.

Heat ukumelana Ukwakheka okwesikhathi akhiwe esithandweni

Ukuze udlulisele amandla ukuze indaba futhi wanezela nokhonkolo. Ngokusho kwabo izakhiwo ukusebenza, lesi sisombululo akusizi lime. ukhonkolo mass ukuqina iqala emva kwemizuzu 45. Ngaphambi ukuxuba yezingxenye, basuke badabula ngesihlungo. Khona-ke, kule esitsheni lelungiselelwe ligcwele isihlabathi, futhi phezu kwalo - usimende. Lokhu mass ixubene ukuthola Ukwakheka eyohlobo. Khona-ke amanzi sengezwe. Nakuba sibhebhezela kuyadingeka ukuze sifinyelele ukungaguquguquki viscous. Isixazululo akufanele kube too mncane noma obukhulu. Eyokwakha Monolithic izingxenye esithandweni asetshenziswa isilinganiso elandelayo:

• 1 ingxenye Portland usimende (M400);
• isihlabathi - izingxenye 2;
• isitini imfucumfucu - izingxenye 2;
• chamotte isihlabathi - izingxenye 0.3.