Zhozef Lui Lagranzh - sezibalo, sezinkanyezi futhi unjiniyela

Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Zhozef Lagranzh akuyona isiFulentshi, futhi sezibalo Italy. Futhi ubambe lo mbono aliyona ngaphandle isizathu. Phela, umcwaningi esizayo wazalwa eTurin ngo 1736. Ekubhapathizweni umfana yena waba okuthiwa Giuseppe Ludovico. Uyise labetibambile izikhundla zombangazwe okusezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi ukulawula iyunithi eSardinia kwakungekaNkulunkulu isigaba esihle. Umama wayevela emkhayeni odokotela.

Umndeni wezibalo esizayo

Ngakho-ke, umndeni lokuqala, afaka kulo wazalwa Zhozef Lui Lagranzh, wayenothile kakhulu. Kodwa uyise lo mkhaya Clumsy, kodwa, usomabhizinisi eziphikelelayo kakhulu. Futhi ngokushesha base on the esengozini nasencithakalweni. Esikhathini esizayo, Lagrange uveza umbono ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngalokhu izimo ekuphileni ezazibehlele umndeni wakhe. Yena okholwa ukuthi uma yena nomkhaya wakhe baqhubeka uphile ukuphila okwanelisayo futhi zikhululekile, kungenzeka ukuthi Lagrange ngibe ithuba ukuxhumanisa isiphetho sabo wezibalo.

Incwadi, okwaba ukuphila

Ingane nanye abazali bakhe kwaba Zhozef Lui Lagranzh. Umlando wakhe, ngisho kulesi sici kungenziwa ngokuthi yimpumelelo: ngoba zonke ezinye izingane zakwabo wafa ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni. Ubaba Lagrange wawusegunjini yokuthi indodana wafundiswa emthethweni. Lagrange yena ekuqaleni Akazange engqondweni. Ekuqaleni wafunda College eTurin, lapho yayinesithakazelo kakhulu ezinye izilimi futhi wezibalo lapho Ngokuzayo okokuqala bajwayelane imisebenzi Euclid futhi Archimedes.

Nokho, lapho kufika umzuzu kwesibhamu ngesikhathi Lagrange lokuqala Ubamba iso umsebenzi kaGalileo esithi "Kuyi-indlela kohlaziyo izinzuzo." Zhozef Lui Lagranzh emangalisayo nesithakazelo kule ncwadi - mhlawumbe ukuthi waphenduka konke ngekusasa lakhe. Cishe ngokuphazima kweso, kube abasha usosayensi wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo kanye izilimi zakwamanye amazwe babe emthunzini wezibalo.

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, izibalo Lagrange wasebenza ngokuzimela. Ngokusho kwabanye, waya amakilasi eTurin esikoleni. iminyaka Kakade 19 (futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, imithombo - 17) Zhozef Lui Lagranzh wahlanganyela ukufundiswa kweZibalo eyunivesithi. Lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi abafundi engcono yezwe ngaleso sikhathi kwadingeka ithuba lokufundisa.

umsebenzi Okokuqala: ezinyathelweni Leibniz futhi Bernoulli

Ngakho, kusukela manje kuqhubeke wezibalo iba ezinkulu inkundla Lagrange. Ngo 1754 wabona ukushicilelwa isifundo sakhe sokuqala. Usosayensi yakhelwe ke ngesimo incwadi ukuze Italian usosayensi dei Toschi Fagnano. Kodwa lapha Lagrange lenza iphutha. Hhayi ukuba umholi yesayensi nokulungiselela ukudla bo khe zwa ngalesosikhathi akubonako, ukucwaninga kwaso isivele olwenziwa. Iziphetho ke okwakungokweNkosi le Leibniz futhi Johann Bernoulli. Zhozef Lui Lagranzh ngisho esatshwe emangalelwa ukusebenzisa umqondo womunye. Kodwa ukwesaba kwakhe bekunganasisekelo ngokuphelele. Futhi ngaphambi izibalo kulindeleke impumelelo enkulu.

Ujwayele Euler

Eminyakeni 1755-1756 usosayensi abasha wayethumele ezinye ngamacebo akhe aziwa sezibalo Euler, okuyinto wayezazisa ngempela. Futhi esikhathini 1759-m Lagrange wathumela kuye enye cwaningo kubaluleke kakhulu. It yayizimisele izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga isoperimetric phezu okuyinto Euler washikashikeka iminyaka. Kuvele usosayensi abanolwazi kwaba ukutholakala ujabule kakhulu Lagrange abasha. Waze wenqaba ngisho ukushicilela ezinye izenzakalo zalo emkhakheni kuze kube isikhathi lapho Zhozef Lui Lagranzh akazange nekushicilela umbhalo wabo siqu.

Ngo 1759, sibonga ngokusikisela Euler, Lagrange usekhonze njengephayona ilungu langaphandle Berlin Academy of Sciences. Lapha Euler yabonisa iqhinga kancane: phela wayefuna Lagrange wahlala eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kuyo, futhi ngakho usosayensi esincane sasikanye yakwazi ukuthuthela lapho kunabantu Berlin.

Umsebenzi ukukhathala

Lagrange kwakuhileleke hhayi kuphela ucwaningo emkhakheni wesayensi yezibalo, omakhenikha nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi. Wabuye wadala umphakathi kwesayensi, kamuva elaba Royal Academy of Sciences of eTurin. Kodwa intengo lokuthi Zhozef Lui Lagranzh athuthukile lenqwaba eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezindaweni ngqo futhi baba ngaleso sikhathi sezibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi sezinkanyezi zomhlaba, waqala neziqubu zokucindezeleka.

Qala uzikhumbuze ukutubeka. Odokotela 1761 wathi basuke Ngeke kube sengathi nguye obangela impilo Lagrange uma akazange lungadambisa le nentshiseko zocwaningo yayo futhi akusho usimamise yomsebenzi. Sezibalo akazanga self-intando nilalele izincomo odokotela. Impilo yakhe uhlaliseke. Kodwa ukucindezeleka akamshiyanga kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila.

Ucwaningo e-Astronomy

Ngo 1762, i-Paris Academy yomncintiswano ezithakazelisayo kwamenyezelwa Sciences. Ukuze bahlanganyele kwakudingekile ukunikeza umsebenzi kokunyakaza kwenyanga. Lapha Lagrange kuzibonakalisa njengoba umcwaningi sezinkanyezi. Ngo 1763 ithumela kwiKhomishana imisebenzi yayo phezu libration of the Moon. Futhi esihlokweni ngokwaso efika Academy ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufika Lagrange. Iqiniso lokuthi wezibalo kwakudingeka ahambe eLondon, lapho yena ubangwa nezibi ngakho kwadingeka ukuba ngilaliswe Paris.

Kodwa lapha Lagrange wathola inzuzo enkulu: ngoba e-Paris wakwazi ngijwayele ezinye izazi enkulu - d'Alembert. Enhloko-dolobha yeFrance Lagrange wathola umklomelo ngocwaningo lwakhe phezu libration of the Moon. Futhi omunye umklomelo ukhishwa isazi - kweminyaka emibili yena yanikezelwa lapho kutadishwa amabili iziphuphutheki of Jupiter.

esiphakeme

Ngo 1766 Lagrange wabuyela Berlin futhi uthole sipho ukuthi abe ngumengameli we-Academy of Sciences futhi inhloko yomnyango yayo physics kanye mathematics. Baningi ososayensi e-Berlin ngomusa kakhulu etholwe Lagrange emphakathini yabo. Wakwazi sokwakha ubungane obuqinile zezibalo Lambert, Johann Bernoulli. Kodwa-ke lo mphakathi kwakukhona ababeshisekela. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Castillon, ngubani wayemdala kunezingane Lagrange engamashumi amathathu. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ubuhlobo yabo iba ngcono. Lagrange washada umzala wakhe Castiglione okuthiwa Vittoria. Nokho, umshado wabo engenabantwana zona futhi zingajabuli. Ngokuvamile unkosikazi ukugula washona ngo 1783.

usosayensi Ledger

isazi Ubude labetibambile Berlin iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Umsebenzi ezikhiqiza kakhulu kubhekwa "Mechanics Analytical" Lagrange. Lolu cwaningo kulotshiwe ngesikhathi ukuvuthwa. Kukhona kuphela idlanzana lososayensi omkhulu, phakathi ifa babezokwenza umsebenzi eliyisisekelo. "Mechanics Analytical" ifaniswe "ekuqaleni" kokuphila Newton, kanye ne "iwashi okuthiwa i-pendulum" Huygens. Iphinde washayelwa edumile "The Lagrange isimiso", igama eliphelele zazo - ". Umgomo we d'Alembert-Lagrange" It kungokwalabo sphere we zibalo jikelele Dynamics.

Ukuhambisa eParis. ekwehleni zokuphila

Ngo 1787 Lagrange kuhanjiswe ku Paris. Its ngokugcwele kulo msebenzi e-Berlin, kodwa kwadingeka ukuba ukwenze, ngenxa yokuthi isimo sabantu bakwamanye amazwe abangaba ngemva kokufa noFrederick II edolobheni kancane kancane yaba yimbi nakakhulu. In Paris, yokudumisa izilaleli bobukhosi Lagrange owawuse, nesazi sezibalo behlakaniphe ifulethi ku Louvre. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uqala iziqubu sina zokucindezeleka. Ngo 1792, usosayensi washada okwesibili, futhi manje inyunyana kwaba owodwa ojabulayo.

Ekupheleni usosayensi ukuphila kwakhe ukhiqiza omningi. Umsebenzi wokugcina, ngoba ngalo ukushela, kwaba wokubukeza "Mechanics Analytical". Kodwa ukwenza lokhu, ososayensi kuhlulekile. April 10, 1813 wafa Zhozef Lui Lagranzh. Quotes kuye, ikakhulukazi asigubhayo elichaza ukuphila kwakhe: "Ngenze trick ... Angizange wazonda noma ubani futhi benza okubi." Ukufa usosayensi, ezifana nempilo, ezolile - ehamba nge uneqholo.