Zemisipha pier isisekelo: izici, izinzuzo

Uma okungenani kanye bekwi-ekwakheni indlu yangasese noma isiphi esinye isakhiwo, bese ngempela ukuthi bangaki abanikazi esizayo uzama ukulondoloza ngisho at the stage of ukuhlela kanye nomklamo izilinganiso. Lapho abantu bethandana lo mgomo, lokhu abazama ukunciphisa izindleko izigaba ebizayo kakhulu ukwakhiwa. Mhlawumbe nawe uphakathi kwabanjalo, kuyobe sekuba i-imininingwane ewusizo ngawe ngezansi.

isixazululo ukusebenza futhi kunengqondo lokhu inkinga ukusetshenziswa ezingabizi kakhulu futhi kulula-asekelayo pier isisekelo, okuyinto sithatha indawo ezibizayo iphuzu isikulufa noma melkozaglublennoe isizinda. A yi omuhle kuyoba, uma ulandela ubuchwepheshe isakhiwo namazinga.

imphawu letibalulekile

Zemisipha pier isisekelo unganakile kungase kubonakale ababuthakathaka, kodwa ikhombisa nokwethenjelwa practice. Uma athobele imithetho ukwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa uzolunga ukukhonza ngisho isikhathi eside kunaleso isakhiwo ngokwaso. Ngaphezu ukuqina, zikhona izici eziningana esiwuphawu, kuhlanganise:

• isivinini umxhwele ukwakhiwa;
• eziphansi;
• ubuncane Hydro izigxobo;
• ukusetshenziswa izisekelo kunoma iyiphi emhlabathini;
• ideality we isisekelo izakhiwo lokhuni.

Kungani kufanele ukhethe isisekelo asekelayo-pier

Zemisipha pier isisekelo ikuvumela ukusetha ukwesekwa ngesikhathi esifushane, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulu lapho uqhathaniswa elisekela Monolithic. Esimweni sokuqala, isikhathi ukwakhiwa kuyehla izikhathi eziningana. Ukuqhathanisa lezi izisekelo nge tape, kungaqondakala ukuthi win wokuqala uma kuziwa intengo. Ngemva ukwakhiwa zemibhoshongo kubiza eshibhile mayelana izikhathi 2.

Yakha isizinda ngangokunokwenzeka zonke izinhlobonhlobo zenhlabathi, njengokukhishiwe kukhona amaxhaphozi namadwala. Lezi nenhlabathi ungavumeli imigodi ukufakwa izisekelo. Uma kuziwa ukwakhiwa izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni, ukusekela-pier isisekelo isixazululo esingcono, ngoba ukwakhiwa inikeza ukupholisa kuvimbela Soggy phansi lokhuni.

Izinzuzo main

Zemisipha pier isisekelo uyathandwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi ke has a lot of izinzuzo. amaphuzu engeziwe, kufanele wenziwe kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo isisekelo izindlu Uhlaka amancane nokugeza. Isicelo ekwakhiweni endlini asekelayo-columnar base kunciphisa lungaba inhlabathi ukuvuvukala kuhlelo okungenani eyamukelekayo, okuyinto akuphazamisi design kwalezi zinsiza.

Kuze kube yimanje, azungezwe isisekelo kuyodingeka uhlele abakhwabanisi ku ematheni. Grillage kulokhu uwela ngezansi 30cm phansi, futhi endaweni izimpumputhe is sekuqala ukufudumala kuya cm 30 ukujula. Lesi simo ingasetshenziswa substrates nanoma yimuphi umklamo, kodwa yinqwaba asethwe ezincane ukwakhiwa isabelomali futhi umzamo ezincane.

izinzuzo ezengeziwe

Zemisipha pier isisekelo, ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kungenzeka ukwakha hhayi kuphela ugonyuluka nenhlabathi, kodwa futhi inhlabathi ngobuningi, lona wamuva izobe imali ubuncane ngesikhathi ukusebenza ukwakhiwa, ngenxa isisindo ongaphakeme zezinsika kuqhathaniswa itheyiphu melkozaglublennogo lesisekelo. Ukuze isitini cottage echazwe ukwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe kuyoba ephelele, ukuthi kuyiqiniso ikakhulu lapho base kufanele lwajula ngezansi yiqhwa inhlabathi. Lokhu kusindisa kufika ku-50% wesabelomali.

I yokuntula main

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwakha ukwesekwa-pier isisekelo, kufanele ucabangele ngaphezulu kanye minuses, ukugqamisa phakathi kwabo:

• unsuitability for sezwe kulokulukhuni
• ukungabi nakwenzeka ukwakhiwa emhlabathini esithambile.

Ngokuphathelene iyisici sokuqala, lapho umehluko eziphakeme phakathi 1.5 m sizoba ephoqelela umthwalo ovundlile kusukela umthelela ukuvuvukala, okungasenza izinsika tipping. Ungayisebenzisi isakhiwo ezichazwe icala lapho insimu ubuswa inhlabathi okuxekethile, lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba udaka futhi Peat inhlabathi, nobumba amanzi ayegcwele, engesiyo ngokuphongoza isici amandla. Ukusebenzisa grillage wawunamandla ngokwanele, uyokwazi isinxephezelo ovundlile phansi iminyakazo. Kodwa kulokhu, umphumela kwezomnotho uzokwehla, ngakho-ke ngeke kube lula uncamela elintantayo setshe Monolithic, ngoba konke lokho akudingeki ukuba isamba umxhwele yokwemba.

Amazwana mayelana nezici ezobuchwepheshe

Zemisipha pier isisekelo, kuyinto omuhle kakhulu Izibuyekezo zazo, yakhiwe ngokusho ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile. Ngenxa yale njongo, a izisekelo columnar, okuyinto zitholakala kwi pad uhlalwane. Okulandelayo wenza formwork, lapho ukhonkolo kuthululwe. Ngokusho abanikazi izindlu zangasese, kubekwa izisekelo zingenziwa zamatshe imfucumfucu noma isitini. izisekelo columnar zakhiwe izitini zikasimende. Pad waphonsa ngesimo imibhoshongo, element ngayinye kuboshelwe phansi.

Zemisipha pier isisekelo zikasimende, ngokuvumelana Onjiniyela nemithi, ingxenye zazo kuncike isiguqo. Uma ukuqhathanisa melkozaglublennyh columnar isekela nabanye lezisekelo, owokuqala unike amandla qualitatively futhi kahle nokuqalisa ungangenisi amanzi, ukwahlukanisa kanye amanzi phansi ingxenye.

Ezicashile umsebenzi

amakhosi Domestic zithi umthamo eziveza kwenhlabathi futhi umphumela wawo kwabantu yokugujwa ukujula, sona sasungula amanye nezinsika ukukhonza ezigobile njengezinto zokuthutha. Lapho ukwakhiwa uqhutshwa esekelwe itshe noma isihlabathi izinhlawulo, kuphela phansi ngohlalwane ungqimba ka-15 cm zingafakwa. Ukusekelwa ziyoba okuvamile uma kwesigaba engu- ingaphansi ratio ukuphakama ukwesekwa. A ungqimba of isihlabathi futhi amatshe ugcwele amatshe dropout, ngezinye izikhathi indawo geotextile obukhulu.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, a yedwa enjalo ubhekana lo excretion yamanzi futhi kuqinisekisa ukwesekwa esitebeleni emhlabathini waphuzisa. Amandla nangalowo ezihlalweni ukujula, ngokwendlela amakhosi endlini, akhethiwe okusekelwe ukubaluleka umthwalo transverse kanye ukuqina usebe engezansi isakhiwo. Ukuze izinsika mncane futhi side of asbestos-usimende amapayipi kuyinto ukujula. Uma usetha izisekelo ukhonkolo, kuyoba izinto ezingasho lutho ngempela ukulahlwa isihlabathi.

Ukuqinisa isisekelo

Uma unquma kahle ukuhlola indlela qinisa isisekelo asekelayo-pier, kufanele wazi: amasu eziningana ingasetshenziswa le njongo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma isigxobo zizokwenziwa ngezitini ezibomvu. Kuyohlale kudingeka ukulungiselela umsele kabani ukujula 25 cm. Isiguqo wayo phansi futhi kugcwele ukusetha concreted isitini ikholomu.

Kubalulekile ukulungiselela le ebusweni ukwesekwa kokuba ukushuba kule ezahlukene 15 cm. Ubukhulu bayo kumele sibe ngaphezu kwengxenye yesaphothi ngo-40%. Ukuze kuqiniswe aphathekako ukushuba yezinyoni ukuqinisa kufanele abulawe, okungase aqukethe Amabha amathathu noma amane. Ngenxa yalesi zisebenzisa i steel 8-mm. Uhlaka ukwesekwa ulaliswe endaweni ephakeme ukuklanywa isitini. Ukuze ukuqina extra, sebenzisa eliphezulu egwadle noma ukhonkolo, ukuze okuyinto ungeze esihle basalt noma egwadle ukuhlola. Zemisipha pier isisekelo zikasimende, okuyinto okukala ingcono kakhulu mayelana ezakhiwe ngezitini eqoqwe ngendlela efanayo. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi ikhambi wokwakha amayunithi walungisa ngokusho ubuchwepheshe obufanayo njengoba ukhonkolo.

Izakhiwo amabhlogo isisekelo

Zemisipha pier isisekelo, ogama intengo ruble 200 000., Uma umklamo izobandakanya khona 16 izingongolo kungenziwa zikhubazekile, uma kungagcinwa ubuchwepheshe. Thola izakhi eziveza kuyadingeka zonke amamitha amathathu, kufanele engela, futhi ezindaweni lapho izindonga aphambana.

Ungenzi okuthunyelwe kaningi kakhulu, ngoba kuzokhulisa izindleko zokwakha kanye namandla. Kuye ingxenye bokungafani, kude ngoba isekela kungenzeka elilingana kumkhawulo 150 kuya ku-300 mm. Nge emthambekeni kunangonyaka libe linye ukweseka kungase kuhilele amayunithi 5, kuyilapho omunye - umgomo owodwa noma emibili. Uma ukwakhiwa Kwenziwa esiqeshini flat, okuthunyelwe akufanele abe ngaphezu 3 emabhuloki ukuphakama, kanti ikhefu ngabo kuyoba 200 mm. Zemisipha pier isisekelo amabhlogo ekwazi ukumelana isisindo enkulu ukwakhiwa, uma ilungile ukwenza inkomba ezisekelweni for ukufakwa kwezinsika. Lokhu kuzokhulisa umthamo umthwalo esindayo kwenhlabathi.

Isiteji ukwesekwa kungenzeka abulawe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezinye Amabhulokhi ibekwe ngaphansi kuvuleke Tile ukuma sikwele uhlangothi 400 mm noma 500 mm. Kodwa le ndlela ayilungile, ngoba Tile asakhelwanga umthwalo owengeziwe futhi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi imifantu, ukulahlekelwa injongo yawo.

Kungcono ukugcwalisa isayithi nge ukuqinisa ilandelana, zisetshenziselwe ukuqinisa inetha komgwaqo. Nokho kungcono ukusebenzisa valve, okuyinto ubukhulu kuyoba kusuka 10 kuya 12 mm. Okunjalo pad Monolithic e cross-section kuyoba isikwele side 400 mm noma 600 mm. ukujiya wabo kuzobe kulingana nesibalo ku uhla kusuka 50 kuya 70 mm. Lolu khetho ubhekwa nzima, kodwa enokwethenjelwa kakhulu.

ezenziwe

Kufanele banganakwa sinyathelo ukufakwa inkomba amasayithi. Ezinye abakhi ngokushesha sikulungele ukufaka ku sandy umcamelo amabhlogo. Uma ukusekelwa ngeke ibe isisekelo esiqinile ke emva kwesikhashana baqala "ukuhamba" umzamo wokuqala sina. Uma unquma iphendukele buchwepheshe, emabhuloki emgqeni wokuqala kufanele libe imikhiqizo ezimbili, kanye nokupakisha lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako nge ukugqagqana. Ngo cross-section insika lesisekelo kufanele abe izinhlangothi ezilandelayo: 400 x 400 mm. Saving isikhathi ekusekelweni esakhiweni, nisebenzisa khona imali kwi ukuthengwa amayunithi ezengeziwe.

isiphetho

Uma insimu yokwakha sezwe sasivumela flat, ukwakhiwa isisekelo asekelayo-pier izobiza eshibhile kakhulu ukwedlula laying melkozaglublennoy tape noma slabs Monolithic. Ububi main yaleli isisombululo kusebenza kuphela ukumelana encane ukuze ukudluliselwa. Ngakho-ke, uthatha izinyathelo ukunciphisa amabutho ukuvuvukala. Kodwa lokhu kusimo is offset ngu izinzuzo, yisabelo okusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye inhlabathi zilimaze ukufakwa amathuba. Ukuze columnar isisekelo Precast noma grillage Monolithic kubalulekile.