Zegazi ezibangelwa: uhlu ayingozi kakhulu

Igazi iziyaluyalu ayingozi, kwandile, ezinzima kakhulu kubo bonke ezingelapheki kanye ebulalayo. Kungani pathologies ngaphansi ezifana uhlelo ebalulekile emzimbeni, njengoba igazi? Izizathu zihluke kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho incike kumuntu futhi ahambe ngayo lokuzalwa.

hematopathy

Igazi iziyaluyalu baningi futhi ezihlukahlukene wolimi. Basuke elihlobene ne-pathology isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana egazi noma kwephule i- imisebenzi yabo. Futhi, ezinye izifo ezithinta plasma - ingxenye ewuketshezi, equkethe amaseli. Izifo yegazi, uhlu izizathu nesenzakalo zabo uhlolisisa odokotela nososayensi, abanye ungazange wakwazi ukusho ukuthi ngobani kuze kube manje.

Egazi - kwamangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe nezinhlayiya zegazi. Abomvu egazi ashaye - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - athwala umoya-mpilo ezicutshini kwezitho zangaphakathi. Leukocyte - egazi amhlophe - ukulwa nezifo futhi izinto angaphandle engena emzimbeni. Ama-platelet I - amaseli kungekho nto enemibala emihle obhekene ekunqandeni. Plasma - amaprotheni, uketshezi viscous, equkethe egazi. Ngenxa abalulekile obusebenzayo isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, izifo igazi engxenyeni enkulu yingozi ngisho nzima ukwelapha.

Ukwahlukanisa Diseases sokuhamba kwegazi

yezifo igazi, okuyinto uhlu enkulu ngokwanele zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ngokuvumelana ukusatshalaliswa endaweni yabo:

• Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi. pathologically ongaphakeme amazinga e-hemoglobin Isimo (lokhu-erythrocyte ingxenye oqhubeka oksijini).
• Oluhambisana diathesis - ukopha iziyaluyalu.
• komdlavuza Hematological (Oncology elihlobene ne izilonda kwamangqamuzana egazi, izindlala zamanzi noma umnkantsha).
• Ezinye izifo ezingenziwanga ezihlobene ezintathu ezingenhla.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyisigaba Ngokujwayelekile, abelana sifo ngesisekelo salokho amaseli ezihlobene izinqubo sokugembula. iqembu ngasinye siqukethe izifo eziningi igazi, uhlu kufakwe International Ukwahlukanisa Diseases.

Uhlu izifo ezithinta igazi

Uma uhlu zonke izifo igazi, uhlu omkhulu. Ahluke izizathu yendlela ebukeka ngayo emzimbeni, imininingwane ukulimala kwamangqamuzana, izimpawu nezinye izinto. Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi - lo zokugula ezivamile esithinta abomvu egazi. Izimpawu igazi - ukunciphisa isibalo abomvu egazi ashaye futhi athwala umoya-mpilo. Isizathu salokhu zingancishiswa sokukhiqizwa kwayo noma ukulahlekelwa enkulu igazi. Hemoblastosis - iningi leli qembu izifo hlala wegazi, noma wegazi - lomdlavuza wegazi. Ngo inqubo amaseli weengazi isifo siguqulelwa kumiswa ebulalayo. Imbangela yale isifo lingacaci yize kunjalo. Lymphoma - Cancer njengoba isifo, izinqubo sokugembula kwenzeke uhlelo lymph, abe umdlavuza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.

Myeloma - lomdlavuza wegazi lapho plasma iyahlupheka. syndromes oluhambisana lesi sifo ezihambisana nge inkinga ekunqandeni. Ngokuyinhloko, zingabantu esingokwemvelo, ezifana hemophilia. Owabonakaliswa ukopha amalunga, imisipha kanye izitho zangaphakathi. Agammaglobulinemia - ukuntula lezinceku serum plasma amaprotheni. Emit okuthiwa izifo letindzala negazi, uhlu kuhlanganisa Izifo eziphatha ahlukene zomzimba (mzimba, isimiso se-lymph) noma umzimba wonke.

anaemia

Cabanga elihlobene ne-pathology kwezifo of the erythrocyte igazi (uhlu). Izindlela ezivame kakhulu:

• Thalassemia - kokunikezwa kwe-ngesilinganiso-hemoglobin.
• Sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba anaemia hemolytic - kubangelwa igciwane lohlobo lwe, ugcunsula. Izidakamizwa nonautoimmune anaemia hemolytic - ngenxa utshwala poisoning, isihlungu sezinyoka, ezinobuthi.
• Iron ukuntula anaemia - kwenzeka uma yokuntuleka yensimbi emzimbeni, noma ezingamahlalakhona ukopha.
• B12-ukuntula igazi. Isizathu - ukuntuleka vitamin B12 ngenxa enganele engayitholi wezokudla noma ukwephulwa nokwenziwa yakhe. Umphumela - kuphula umthetho we isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko futhi pheshana emathunjini.
• Folievodefitsitnoy anaemia - kwenzeka ngenxa ukuntula folate.
• Isikela-cell anemia - zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ezime njengesitebhisi isikela, okuyinto isifo esiyingozi sitholwa njengefa. Umphumela - okwehlisa ukugeleza kwegazi, i-jaundice.
• Idiopathic anaemia aplastic - ukuntuleka izicubu, ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi. Okungenzeka ngesikhathi ngemisebe.
• polycythemia Family - nesifo esiwufuzo libhekene i ukwanda kwenani kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Izifo Umdlavuza wegazi Group

Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu izifo oncological negazi, uhlu ezivamile zihlanganisa leukemias zilwane. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili - acute (inani elikhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ezinye imisebenzi bangenzi) futhi ezingalapheki (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kancane imisebenzi lwenziwa).

Acute myeloid wegazi - ukuhlukumeza ekwehlukanisweni kwetindzima umnkantsha amaseli, nokuvuthwa yabo. Kuya ngemvelo lesi sifo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo wegazi olunamandla ludlule:

• ngaphandle nokuvuthwa;
• nokuvuthwa;
• promyelocytic;
• myeloblastic;
• monoblastny;
• erythroblast;
• megacaryoblastic;
• lymphoblastic T-cell;
• lymphoblastic B-cell;
• panmieloleykoz.

amafomu Okungalapheki wegazi:

• wegazi myelogenous;
• erythromyelosis;
• wegazi monocytic;
• wegazi megakaryocytic.

Ziyabhekelelwa ifomu oshiwo ngenhla njalo lesi sifo.

Izifo Letterer-USiba - ukuhluma kwezinhlobo omzimba amaseli izitho ezihlukahlukene, umsuka sifo akwaziwa.

Myelodysplastic syndrome - iqembu Izifo eziphatha umnkantsha, okuhlanganisa, isibonelo, myelosis subleukemic.

oluhambisana syndromes

• Eqonda coagulation intravascular (DIC) - isifo atholwe libhekene lenyuka igazi ekunqandeni kanye thrombus kumiswa.
• isifo oluhambisana ngayo lapho usana - ukuntuleka azalwa naso we isici ekunqandeni ngenxa ukuntula vitamin K.
• Nokuntuleka ekunqandeni izici - izinto ezitholakala plasma, ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa amaprotheni anikeza igazi ekunqandeni. Ukwabela 13 izinhlobo.
• Idiopathic purpura thrombocytopenic (thrombocytopenic purpura isifo). Libhekene staining kwesikhumba ngenxa ukopha zangaphakathi. Iphathelene ongaphakeme zegazi.

Hlula bonke egazi

• lymphohistiocytosis Hemophagocytic. isifo ezingavamile uhlamvu zofuzo. Ngenxa ukubhujiswa egazi ngu lymphocyte futhi ama-macrophage. inqubo sokugembula yenzeka izitho ezihlukahlukene nezicubu, ngenxa isikhumba ethintekile, emaphashini, isibindi, ubende, ubuchopho.
• syndrome Hemophagocytic kubangelwa ukutheleleka.
• isifo Cytostatic. Owabonakaliswa yokufa kwamangqamuzana engokwemvelo, okuyizinto inqubo division.
• anaemia Aplastic - ukwehla kwenani zonke egazi. Okunye esizokwenza okuxhumene ukufa lamaseli umnkantsha.

izifo ezithathelwanayo

Imbangela zegazi ezibangelwa kungaba izifo engena emzimbeni. Yiziphi izifo ezithathelwanayo igazi? Uhlu ezivamile:

• Nesifo sikamalaleveva. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka uma umiyane. Umzimba eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini nezilwanyana ezincane nomthelela erythrocyte, okuyinto ngenxa ayafa, kanjalo okubangela ukulimala kwezitho ezingaphakathi, imfiva, Ukugodola. Ngokuvamile ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo.
• Sepsis - nkulumo ubheke izinqubo sokugembula egazini okubangelwa Ukungena amagciwane egazini inqwaba. Sepsis kuwumphumela izifo eziningi - a isifo sikashukela, izifo ezingelapheki, izifo yezitho zangaphakathi, ukulimala kanye amanxeba. Ummeli esinamandla kunazo zonke ekulweni sepsis - ukungatheleleki okuhle.

izimpawu

izimpawu esivamile zegazi ezibangelwa - ukukhathala, iphika, isiyezi, kwehle esesuthi, tachycardia. Lapho anaemia ngenxa ukopha zenzeka isiyezi, ubuthakathaka ezinzima, isicanucanu, yokufikelwa. Uma sikhuluma izifo ezithathelwanayo negazi, uhlu izimpawu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: imfiva, Ukugodola, ukulunywa, ukungakuthandi ukudla. Nge Yebo eside lesi sifo waphawula kwesisindo. amacala ukunambitheka obuphendukezelwe unuke ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kutholakala, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya anaemia B12-ukuntula, isibonelo. Kukhona ubuhlungu amathambo lapho sicindezelwe (i-leukemia), lakhulisiwe lymph node, ubuhlungu ngakwesokudla noma hypochondrium ngakwesokunxele (isibindi ubende). Kwezinye izimo, ukuqubuka esikhumbeni, ngopha emakhaleni. Ngo kusaqalwa isifo negazi akunakulidla azinazo izimpawu zokugula.

ukwelashwa

izifo igazi ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha kakhulu, ngakho ukwelashwa kufanele iqalwe ngokushesha ngemva uphethwe. isifo ngasinye has izici zayo siqu othize, ngakho ukuphathwa kunikezwa esimweni ngasinye bebodwa. Ukwelashwa kwezifo bemvelo oncological, ezifana wegazi, ngokusekelwe imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Okunye ukwelashwa - ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, ukwehla ubuthi. Ngo wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza kokusebenzisa igazi ukufakelwa of stem cells ethathwe umnkantsha noma igazi. Lokhu indlela entsha yokubhekana nalesi sifo kusiza ukubuyisela namasosha omzimba futhi, uma Unganqotshwa ukugula, noma okungenani bandise nokuphila isiguli. Uma ukuhlolwa zikuvumela ukunquma umthamo wegazi lesiguli okuyinto izifo ezithathelwanayo, izinqubo uhlu okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko at ekuqedeni lwegciwane. Lapha basisize kwama-antibiotic.

izizathu

izifo eziningi igazi, uhlu likhulu. izimbangela zabo zihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, izifo ezihlobene inkinga igazi ekunqandeni, ngokuvamile sitholwa njengefa. Basuke kutholakala izingane ezincane. Zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo negazi, uhlu okuhlanganisa umalaleveva, ugcunsula kanye nezinye izifo wadluliselwa ukutheleleka abezindaba. Lokhu kungaba isinambuzane noma omunye umuntu, umuntu aya naye ocansini. izifo Oncological ezifana wegazi, kukhona of omsakazo engaziwa. izifo Imbangela igazi nakho kungaba ngemisebe, enemisebe noma okunoshevu anobuthi. Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi kungenzeka ngenxa ukungondleki kahle, okuyinto alinikezi izakhi ezidingekayo namavithamini emzimbeni.