Vodka ebandayo Point: Ingabe vodka yiqhwa? Lapho vodka yiqhwa?

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baphuze utshwala ngandlela-thile. Ngeke siphikisane ngezingozi iziphuzo enjalo. Utshwala ngempela ezilimazayo empilweni, kodwa abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ingasetshenziswa izinto eziningi ezincane.

Vodka - yini lo mkhiqizo?

Vodka - isiphuzo eqinile oludakayo yamanzi futhi ETHYL utshwala. Fortress ezilungisiwe kude - ke zokhahlamba kusuka 40 kuya 56%. Okuvame kakhulu kanti ethandwa inketho - 40% we-vodka.

vodka Russian isetshenziswa kaningi njengoba unikwa ezimele uphuzo oludakayo, futhi abantu bakwamanye amazwe ngokuthi base cocktail. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa isithako nomuthi kanye lotions, ukulibopha futhi kudlula. Eqinisweni, umkhiqizo jikelele, hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yotshwala.

kusuka emlandweni

Abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi vodka yasungulwa D. I. Mendeleev. Empeleni, lo mkhiqizo ubonakele ngisemncane kakhulu, emuva yasePheresiya. Dmitri Ivanovich eziningi futhi ehileleke kakhulu property izixazululo, okufaka utshwala. Kulenkulumo-mpikiswano yakhe zobudokotela kwaba osesikhundleni "On the utshwala ngamanzi", lapho likhuluma ngesayensi kulingane inqaba enhle - izingxenye 60 utshwala okumsulwa nezingxenye amane.

Ngokokuqala ngqá ezweni lethu vodka ke wavela Dmitry Donskoy, kodwa emisha akanandaba kunoma yiziphi izikhulu, noma abantu abavamile. Babecabanga ukuthi uju yethu isinkwa newayini kunambitheke kangcono. Ngo 1429 vodka wabuyiswa ukuze Russia, kodwa njengoba umuthi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uye wabonisa impande emazweni ethu.

izakhiwo vodka

Isixazululo amanzi utshwala, njenganoma iyiphi enye, anezakhi ezahlukene ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali: kukhona vodka okokuqandisa lokushisa yayo, kungaba asabela nge izinto ezihlukahlukene, kodwa abantu abaningi umphumela nesithakazelo kuphela walesi siphuzo emzimbeni womuntu.

Sekuyisikhathi eside waphawula ukuthi kwafakwa isilinganiso esincane semithi utshwala (mayelana 20-25 g utshwala) ephumula, kumlethela ngisahlose emnandi futhi kalula zokuxhumana. Nokho, nge imithamo okwandisa eqala ukukhula imiphumela ngokushesha okunjalo, ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukubambisana, kwehle ukunakwa, ukuntuleka ukuhlolwa ezanele engokoqobo nokuziphatha kwabo.

Okuwukuphela ewusizo izinga vodka kusuka umbono wezokwelapha - kuyinto magciwane yayo izakhiwo, kanye nekhono ukusebenzisa njengoba lotions, ukulibopha kanye lwaluyophola rubdowns aqabulayo.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi vodka kanye notshwala baye bazama ukusebenzisa njengoba indlela yokubulala izinzwa (ngokungabi bikho nezinye izidakamizwa), kodwa le ndlela yashiywa dengwane. umugqa kakhulu emihle amanga phakathi ukulahlekelwa luvelo nokuquleka (njengoba kudingeka ukuze ukusebenza), kanye nokufa.

Ingabe vodka yiqhwa

Ngakho abantu abaningi banesithakazelo, kungakhathaliseki isimiso ukumisa likagologo. Impendulo ilula - yebo, nje njenganoma yiluphi olunye Izingxube ketshezi. Ngokwesibonelo, ayegcwele sodium isixazululo chloride acacisa at -21 ° C, futhi i-calcium chloride at -55 ° C. Ethanol Pure zilimaze kuphela ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu (-115 ° C), nophethiloli Arctic at -50 ° C.

Ngakho umbuzo uwukuthi hhayi ngabe vodka iqina, futhi izinga lokushisa lapho le nqubo kwenzeka. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ngalokhu.

umthetho Raoult sika

Ekupheleni usosayensi French XVIII leminyaka Fransua Raul wafunda ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa crystallization futhi umusi ingcindezi ukwehla (ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa abilayo) izixazululo lapho lokuhlushwa izinto yethulwa futhi waletha imithetho eziningana ukuziphatha izixazululo ekahle.

Umthetho Raul Esesibili sithi ukwehlisa emvuthwandaba umnkantsha lokushisa rise ikhambi ngqo wakhona yayo lokuhlushwa molal.

Umthetho osebenza ku i izixazululo ngokungenamkhawulo alulaze, futhi akuphazamisi ubunjalo ukwethulwa izingxenye.

Ukufaneleka kwababambe lo mthetho ukuze ikhambi amanzi-utshwala, futhi siyoba yini nezinga lokushisa elizosetshenziswa kule okokuqandisa vodka ngokuvumelana okwatholakala Raul? Zonke amaphethini uFrancois Raoult kusebenza izixazululo ekahle-non-volatiles futhi ekhuthele kakhulu utshwala ehwamukile futhi pressurises ngentukuthelo ngaphezu kobuso amanzi utshwala ingxube. Ngakho-ke kungaba ibalwe enephutha ezincane: vodka okokuqandisa lokushisa 40% -27 ° C.

Ngokushesha kufanele bathi inkulumo mayelana umnkantsha ezingeni lokushisa kahle ngasizathu simbe. Ngo crystallization izinhlayiya amanzi ice akhiwa, kanye lotshwala ingxube esisele luyanda, futhi ngenxa yalokho kushintsha izinga lokushisa okokuqandisa ingxube ketshezi. Ngakho lokho linembile ngokwesayensi ukukhuluma hhayi mayelana kwezinga-qhwa, kodwa ukuqala inqubo crystallization.

okushisa Ithebula

Kancane empirically, kuye ngokwengxenye ithebula okokuqandisa lokushisa ke sesakhiwe ngokuvumelana amafomula we obungakanani utshwala e-vodka.

vodka okokuqandisa lokushisa kungaba nhlobonhlobo hhayi kuphela ngokushintsha lokuhlushwa utshwala ingxube, kodwa futhi ku khona kwezinye izakhi ezikulesi isixazululo. Ngisho vodka classical, esakhiwa kuphela manzi ahlanzekile kanye notshwala, iqukethe ezinye inani fusel amafutha nezinye admixtures. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba isiphuzo nge ukunambitheka izithasiselo ezahlukene ezithinta impahla yayo ngokomzimba.

Ingabe vodka iqandiswe efrijini

Ngakho, sinqume ukuthi lokushisa ukuqala crystallization 40% amanzi utshwala uqweqwe -27 ° C, kodwa cishe kuphela. Ngokuvamile singasho ukuthi siqala umnkantsha lapho uphawu thermometer eduze noma siye kwamanye amazwe -30 ° C.

Amazinga efrijini, kuye ngokuthi izilungiselelo kungaba kusuka -5 ukuba -24 ° C. Nokho, lokhu kwakungenele ukumisa 40% utshwala.

abantu abaningi babhekana yokuthi vodka kwesokunxele egumbini imikhiqizo eqandisiwe, uqweqwe, futhi iqhwa kwakheka kwalo. Ngakho kungani vodka eqandisiwe efrijini?

Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona. Okokuqala, umkhiqizo kungenziwa buhlanjululwe, esikhundleni 40%, futhi kwakungeke kube abangaphezu kuka-35%. Futhi okuhlushwa engezansi bese wehlise qhwa likagologo, efrijini namandla anele crystallization.

Eyesibili inketho - izinga lokushisa langempela ekamelweni okokuqandisa kuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunalokho ecacisiwe. Kulula kakhulu ukuhlola ejwayelekile emgwaqweni thermometer.

Okwesithathu samuntu - kokupholisayo ukuvuza ngoba ukwakheka izifunda okushisa aphansi kakhulu nesiqandisi. Lokhu ngenhlanhla impela isimo esiyingozi - ehwamukile freon kanye compressor esiqandisini ebilayo, okubangela iyunithi ehluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, CFC kunomthelela omubi kwezemvelo kanye ingenye eziyingozi kakhulu deplete ungqimba lwe-ozone.

Icicles noma jelly: Ungathi vodka eqandisiwe

Zeqhwa vodka - Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle isibonelo esihle. vodka eqandisiwe singase sehluke, kuncike lokuhlushwa Ethanol okumsulwa, isikhathi, ukungcola, lokushisa oscillations. Nokho, ekuqaleni ayizange crystallize futhi sikhula, ngezinye izikhathi siguqulelwa jelly. I bendabuko jelly oludakayo okuyinto Yenziwe nemimoya, ayinayo ubuhlobo bomuntu. Nokho, ukwenza "heady ice cream" ngendlela efanayo. Kubukeka sengathi izithelo ice, futhi kuba mnandi kakhulu ukudla ngesikhathi sokushisa. Nokho, kuphela abadala, njengoba izingane angeke kudla utshwala.

Ngemva kwezinye Ukupholisa ukuqina vodka uqala crystallize - ngezinye izikhathi congeals amapuleti, ngezinye izikhathi kwakheka ahlukene iziqhingi ice. Ukuguqula ke ngokuphelele ku ucezu okuqinile eziyinkinga - ihlobenenamanye ukwanda okufanayo Ethanol lokuhlushwa ikhambi asele.

Ingabe ngiphuzela vodka simisiwe

Lapho simisiwe vodka, wayihlukumeza kakhulu masinyane, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ngabe sikwazi ukuwaphuza. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi akungqubuzani, kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama.

Okokuqala, uma i-vodka iqandiswe lokushisa ongaphakeme, futhi has a lot of ice-ke cishe, ke buhlanjululwe futhi wenza hhayi ubuchwepheshe. Yidla lo, singazi batusa, nakuba kungenzeka ukuxosha eqhweni futhi baphuze ketshezi ezisele lapho utshwala kufanele kube ngaphezulu. Ngaphambili sasivame le ndlela zokuhlanjululwa likagologo - umnkantsha, lapho amanzi angadingeki buhlangene, futhi ingxube esisele isala ihlanzeke futhi kangcono.

Okwesibili, i-vodka simisiwe kufanele esiphuza ngokucophelela. Kakhulu selehlile, viscous, it is cishe ngeke ngiwahogele futhi hhayi wazizwa ku ulwanga, futhi eminye receptor abandayo blunts. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba uphuze kakhulu, bese ngokushesha futhi kanzima odakwe eholela ubuthi ezinzima anobuthi.

Ngakho uma ungenaso Umphikisi utshwala ke ukuwasela okungenani lilungile, ukuze azikho nemiphumela ebuhlungu.