Verkhoyansk futhi Oymyakon? Likuphi isigxobo abandayo we Nenkabazwe?

isigxobo Cold we Nenkabazwe Itholakala zone sezulu ngokucijile ezwekazini. Ukuze ilungelo ubizwe ngakho kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kuphikisana edolobheni Verkhoyansk futhi Oymyakon ngomzana, ingxenye Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Okusanda ivume ingxabano isiphetho Tomtor, elise 20 km edolobhaneni Oymyakon.

Extreme Yakutia: ekuhlaziyeni

I ezindawo Indawo yezwe (enyakatho naseningizimu ye-Arctic Circle - 66 ° 33'44 ") futhi ibanga lalo ukusuka ofudumele (Gulf Stream) kuchazwe khona okushisa aphansi, ngakho isigxobo abandayo we Nenkabazwe kukhona. Extreme ezwekazini iphuzu weRiphabhulikhi iseningizimu phezu lenhlonhlo Noordwijk (74 ° N ..), The eningizimu - liwumngcele ne Amur esifundeni umgogodla (55 ° N ..).

I-Republic of Sakha (noma Sakha Respublikata yakut) - kwekulu endaweni lebhizinisi zokuphatha-indawo, Russia hhayi kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke, kanye nama-akhawundi cishe okwesihlanu WaseRussia (Yakutia - 3.1 million amakhilomitha square, le Russian Federation - ezingaphezu kuka-17.1 kwezigidi ezingu amakhilomitha square ).

amaphesenti amane endaweni republic sika itholakala e-Arctic, okungukuthi, ngenhla kwe-Arctic Circle.

Yakutia - 25% wamadayimane akhiqizwa emhlabeni, futhi ngenxa yalaba bakhetha ukugqoka imigexo abacebe ke ukukhanyiselwa kulezi zindaba emhlabeni fashionista.

Labantu eyinhloko republic - yakut (cishe 46%), isi-Russian (cishe 42%), Ukraine (4%), Evenki (2%) Evens (nje-1%). Inani sabantu - abantu nje ngaphansi esigidini.

Isimo sezulu wezwe, lapho eNyakatho Nenkabazwe isigxobo abandayo

zesimo sezulu esibi kuphela zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi isigxobo abandayo itholakala e Yakutia. sezulu ngokucijile yezwekazi yaseningizimu ye-republic ingena Arctic, bese kwazo e-Arctic ogwini-Arctic Ocean.

I ubumnene eyisihlobo amazinga okubanda ebusika (-35 ...- 25 ° C), umoya, umswakama olusenyakatho kuphambene kakhulu izimo zamazwekazi Yakutia indawo, eduze kwe-Arctic Circle, naseningizimu. amazinga okubanda ebusika ziyahlukahluka ukuthi ingxenye ikakhulukazi kule ezahlukene -55 ...- 35 ° C, futhi iqhwa incane - ngamasentimitha amathathu kuphela. into enjalo zeqhwa inkungu (amakristalu encane), butholakala ingxenye yezwekazi weRiphabhulikhi Sakha.

Le ndawo enomoya njengezinikeziwe etholakala eduze Verkhoyansk futhi Ojmjakon lapho izinga lokushisa lingase lehle ku -70 ° C. Summer kuyinto izinkomba izinga lokushisa (siqala okwesikhashana) ongama kuya +30 ° C. Okunjalo yonyaka lokushisa ukuguquguquka (degrees eziyikhulu) awazange ebonwe yimuphi omunye iphuzu Zomhlaba.

Verkhoyansk - ngokomthetho eNyakatho Nenkabazwe isigxobo abandayo

Verhoyanskay (yakut) - omunye Northerly kunazo (kwe-Arctic Circle), futhi nenombolo ezincane kunazo zonke amadolobha Russian (eyesithathu kusukela ekupheleni): bahlala abantu 1.150 kuphela. Ungakwazi ukufinyelela it kanje: indiza yokuqala kusukela eMoscow kuze kube Yakutsk ke somhambi izindiza phezu komfula Yelena futhi Verkhoyansk Ibanga ukuba Batagai emzaneni (kuba maphakathi Verkhoyansk ulus (district)), kulandele priming ukuba Verkhoyansk. Inkundla yezindiza edolobheni, noma kunalokho, akusebenzi - selivaliwe wokugoqa wase-USSR.

Ukuphila kunzima izinyanga eziyisikhombisa ngonyaka (Okthoba kuya April) Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lehla lokususa 67 degrees Celsius.

Spring iqhwa uqala zigcwale amanzi, futhi uma othile engabonakali isitoko echibini nge ice (lapha lenqwaba kubo), ngaleso sikhathi kuyoba khona lutho ukuba ngiphuze - amanzi encibilikisiwe kugcoka lijezi, kodwa ukudoba kakhulu.
Verhojansk nomlando wayo waqala njengoba isiphetho Cossack, khona-ke yaba indawo yezimpi wokudingiswa iziboshwa eziningi zezombusazwe. Omunye wabo, S. F. Kovalik, ngonyaka 1885, January nanhlanu, bhalisiwe (eqoshiwe ephephabhukwini Meteorological observation esiteshini) ubuncane lokushisa emoyeni -67,1 ° C. A izinga lokushisa namanje aphansi sifundzile 1892: -67,8 ° C. Ngo-2005, ngemva ukuqopha izinga lokushisa aphansi e Nenkabazwe, iziphathimandla zedolobha Simisé uqwembe.

Verkhoyanskiy Museum of yomlando wendawo "Pole ka Cold"

Kusukela ngo-1957, isikole (eyedwa edolobheni) waqala ukuqoqa ziphephile ngomlando esifundeni. Kulesi sisekelo, kukhona wendawo nomlando Museum namuhla. Lo mbukiso Museum - "pole amakhaza eNyakatho Nenkabazwe Russia" - uhlamvu zomlando zezinto esiyingqayizivele aerogidrometeorologicheskoy esiteshini wavula ngo Verkhoyansk.

Museum futhi ukubonisa ezithakazelisayo kwezinto nakumasiko Verkhoyansk Yakuts futhi yokuhlala lasendulo - yurt - setha eduze eziyinkimbinkimbi main.

Ojmjakon kungani izivakashi iya khona

On igama elisemthethweni - isigxobo abandayo we Nenkabazwe - futhi uthi Ojmjakon. Leli dolobhana itholakala ngezansi kwe-Arctic Circle, kodwa kukhona esinzima kakhulu kangakanani ebusika Verkhoyansk. Oymyakon Village itholakala esigodini entabeni, lapho ebusuku emoyeni abandayo yehla futhi stagnates khona, echaza isikhundla pole yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe abandayo, nakuba ayengafiki ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni. kokuma Meteorological kungukuthi kwenziwa edolobhaneni Oymyakon, futhi esikhumulweni sezindiza of the gama elifanayo (km 40 kusuka edolobhaneni 2 km kusukela esigodini Tomtor).

Njengoba isigxobo abandayo we Nenkabazwe, Ojmjakon yingcweti yizivakashi lungaphezu ngempumelelo ngaphezulu Verhojansk sezindiza kuka kunomthelela impumelelo ngokushesha inhloso.
Edolobhaneni Tomtor (lapho wayekhonza eminyakeni emibili omlobi ekudingisweni V Shalamov) minyaka yonke emhlanganweni izivakashi, futhi Oimyakon ngonyaka ukuqoqa ukuhlangana Santas.

Izikole uvaliwe ebusika lapho izinga lokushisa uwela -56 ° C.

Igama Oymyakon kusho "non-zeqhwa amanzi" - noma ngabe bebagcona noma behlonipha isiphethu sendawo eshisayo.

Ososayensi namanje abangazange yanquma okuyinto edolobheni kufanele ngokuthi isigxobo abandayo we Nenkabazwe: noma Ojmjakon noma Tomtor noma Verkhoyansk.