Valdai insimbi: izakhi umlando, isithombe, isakhiwo kanye eziyisisekelo

Sekuyisikhathi eside Omkhulu Russia laduma ukukhala of izinsimbi - ngamaholide kwakuzwakala insimbi enkulu ku embhoshongweni wesonto ekuphileni kwansuku zonke bagcwala izinsimbi ku ezinjengenyanga ihhashi amahhanisi, enika abantu injabulo futhi isimo kaKhisimusi. Kwaba namuphi waqala umlando izinsimbi sika emhlabeni odumile kakhulu Valdai - inkulumo Amakhasi yezincwadi zasendulo.

Abenyukela insimbi?

Umqondo yokudala izinsimbi wafika umbhishobhi inhloko Nola Miron uPontiyu Paulinus Abanesihe. Ukuphelelisa ukuhlolwa impahla yawo, umbhishobhi wanquma ukuthatha ikhefu, ukuma ngesikhathi edlelweni elihle, yene kanye nezikhencezo okwesibhakabhaka. Dozed, waphupha wezingelosi ezithi wathinta izimbali, futhi babekhuluma emnene, izinsimbi esiliva. Lokho umsindo ngakho washaqeka uPontiyu, kwalokho wabuyela Nola, watshela lokhu okuyinhloko, owakwazi ukuphonsa ikhophi esiqondile ensimini zethusi insimbi. Nakuba, uma wencike idatha mlando, kuqala waphonsa izinsimbi wahlangana kakhulu ngaphambili, abenziwe abaseGibhithe ngaphezulu.

Kukhona indaba yothando xaxa. Young intombazane ukugeza emfuleni ihlathi. ikhanda lakhe eziphothiwe umqhele omuhle izinsimbi ihlathi. Le ntombazane waminzisa lover wakhe - wensimbi wendawo - ukulolongwa insimbi kukhunjulwa othandekayo kakhulu futhi kuyabiza.

Kukhona nemibono eziningana amahle, kanjani umbono yebheli waphonswa njengoba umkhiqizo, kodwa noma yini ngothando, noma mayelana ukuphela yako edabukisayo.

Eyokuqala Valdai insimbi. indaba

Ngokusho yetinsita indaba iqala mayelana 1478. Imithetho ngesikhathi Tsar Ivan III, wayala ukuthutha insimbi ye Novgorod eMoscow, ukuthatha konke Sofia belfry. Konke kwahamba kahle kwaze ke, kuze kube abathwali azifinyelelanga Valdai ezintabeni. Kulapha sleigh, eyamiswa inhlangano insimbi, Kwehla endleleni ezishelelayo, igingqika, futhi insimbi, awela phansi kwalasha, niphihlizwe ku amakhulu izingcezu ezincane. Ngokwezazi-mlando, kuvela lezi izingcezwana umsuka Valdai izinsimbi. Ngemva kwale ndawo waqala ukuza bendawo. Babuthela izinsimbi, bawaletha ekhaya, wabuza abaculi Foundry okwenza amakhophi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa inkolelo ngamandla amangalisayo le nto. Abantu babekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi indlu lapho kukhona izinsimbi Valdai, qiniseka ukuba axazulule injabulo, ukuthula, ukuvumelana ukuthula, inhlalakahle.

Qala zokukhiqiza

Kuthathwa ngokuthi kokuqala zokukhiqiza kwaba nengxenye kwekhulu XVIII yesibili. Isidingo ukudala izinsimbi kwakuyinto ebaluleke - base kwenye yezingxenye of abashayeli bezinqola emigwaqweni matasa eMoscow Petersburg. Ngokushesha baqala ukuvela workshop lochwepheshe ukuze kungasaziwa kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa, okuye wafunda futhi yakhiqizwa umklamo kanye izakhi eziyisisekelo Valdai insimbi.

Maduze ke yimfashini isignesha ngabanye wizadi owadala indalo yakhe. Nikita, Ivan, u-Aleksey Smirnovy, filipp Tersky - Foundries kabani imikhiqizo wehlela emlandweni njengoba entry ahlukene. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Valdai izinsimbi yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi nowokuzalwa okusungulile Russian. Kancane kancane izinsimbi yamschitsky waqala inkazimulo ezingasho - babengakwazi kuphela esibalulekile uqaphile endleleni, kodwa futhi kakhulu ephakanyiswe isimo coachman, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu sisibi noma ebusuku.

Bell insimbi sokwahlukana

Kungaba iphutha ukufika esiphethweni sokuthi bonke babo babehamba eyenzelwe inhloso eyodwa kuphela, kodwa akunjalo. Yamschitsky ekhishwe ngamalebula zabo - isibonelo, ngokuvamile ku-athikili kungenziwa inkondlo ukufunda: ". Izixhumanisi, induduzo - yiya phuthuma" Isipho izinsimbi kuthiwe "Isipho Valdai," "Ubani Ngiyakuthanda, okunikeza" nokunye okunjalo. Ngokushesha, eqolo futhi ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu abasha Valdai izinsimbi - lomshado. Kwakuyisikhathi wobuciko ngempela, ne isithombe kuso ezinhlanu ephakeme e yasezulwini eziphakeme izinyoni. Libuye Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi awuzange nje igama eyaziwayo master, ukuthi ugcwele ku umkhiqizo. Omunye wabasunguli lokuqala, owenza umbhalo oqoshiwe sakhe, kwaba Alexei Smirnov. Akwaziwa nomunye kumbhali - Terek - namuhla eRussia ukugcina izinsimbi zayo 19.

Kusukela okuyinhloko izitshalo

Maduze kuleli zwe kwaqala ukuvela izitshalo, okuyinto ligcizelela ngohlobo lomsebenzi: "Valdai izinsimbi - ukukhiqizwa" - ingafundwa ku izindlela kakhulu izitolo. Ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwaphawulwa kuvulwa enkulu amagama Smirnov kwemboni, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo wathi kuphela best ephonswa insimbi - izingcingo kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi. Ngempela umkhiqizo omkhulu owazalwa ezandleni professional amakhosi - insimbi kungenzeka nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angaphezu kuka 1,000. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi Smirnov ngakhohlwa Valdai insimbi kancane. Lesi sitshalo uthola oda eziningi ekukhiqizeni kwabo, njengoba iningi izihloko kwaphonswa ngoba amathempeli nezigodlo zezindela eRussia. Ngokushesha kwafika igama ukukhiqizwa emakethe Stukolkina isitshalo. Ivan Stukolkina wehlela emlandweni njengoba inkosi, otlivshy izinsimbi 11 (isisindo sabo kwaba amaphawundi acishe 4400), esekelwe coppers laseSiberia.

Ukuphela kunjalo imboni

Ukuqinisa emakethe zezimboni otshalayo Smirnov futhi Stukolkina kancane kancane waqala ukuthola izimbangi. imikhiqizo yayo ukudayisa Izigayo steel Alekseya Usachova, Georgi Andreev, bazalwane Usachev. Okumibalabala izinsimbi amasonto Valdai abawenzayo kakade Stukolkina kodwa nje abafowethu Usachev. Ngendlela kuhlanganisa izinsimbi, okuyinto hung phezu komnyango, noma ideskithophu izinsimbi, okuyinto ezikhanga izinceku. Bona cishe akazange zihlukile esetshenziswa abashayeli. okucashunwe kuphela wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi yini le insimbi. Futhi ke kwafika Okthoba Revolution, lomphotshongo insimbi ke kwaba cishe wabhubhisa eRussia. Kwatholakala kube eziphikelelayo kakhulu isitshalo Usachev, kodwa ngokushesha wavala izivalo zalo phakade. Foundry kuqhutshwe Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana, kakhulu ikhwalithi Valdai ayisekho baphawula.

Immortalized umlando

Ukuze alondoloze umlando we Valdai ekubunjweni izinsimbi Valdai Museum yasungulwa. Lore Local Museum Valdai uthola ziphephile kuqala 1980 - asiletha lapha indondo izinto amakhosi Andreev futhi Grigoriev, futhi kwakukhona indawo efana lezinto angaphandle. Lokhu waxosha izinsimbi omkhumbi, izinsimbi, senzelwe izinkomo, yamschitsky futhi ibhodi - setfulo agcwaliswa nge ngesivinini esimangalisayo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-15, umnyuziyamu uye wathola indawo entsha zokuphatha - e kwakhiwe Lviv Rotunda. Ngaleso sikhathi, iqoqo bekulokhu ziphephile amancane naphakathi hhayi kuphela, lapha sinawo insimbi enkulu. Futhi liye banikezwe indawo lapho ungase ubone Valdai insimbi - isithombe - mlando uzamile ukubuyisela izithombe balondolozwa. Kodwa namanje kangcono ukubona ngamehlo ami siqu. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi ukukhala we nezikhencezo Valdai uyazihlanza umphefumulo, ukuphulukisa izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ubani ofuna ukuba uvunyelwe ukukhuphuka ubize ngokwakho umbhoshongo.

Isikhombi Valdai izinsimbi?

Ohlukile izinsimbi e umsindo wabo - bathi insimbi ngayine inezidingo zayo, "izwi" layo eliyingqayizivele. Umlando wabo ibuyiselwe eminyakeni, ngoba akukho amarekhodi agcinwe kwakungafanele futhi konke namuhla eyaziwa, wahlolwa usebenzisa idatha ingatholakala ku umkhiqizo ngokwayo, - amagama, izinsuku, izitshalo. Omunye izikhathi ngokuchaza kwaba "isiketi" insimbi - ngakho okuthiwa phansi kwakhe. Izazi-mlando eziningi ziye zafinyelela isiphetho sokuthi ukuma izinsimbi ngqo okusikhumbuza ekamu yowesifazane Russian. Ukuhlukanisa it can Valdai ukukhiqizwa nezinye izinto - kusakaza amafomu ibhande anolaka, ulimi kanye nokumisa yayo. into ngayinye ine ehlukile yayo siqu, okuyinto ehlukile namuhla engekho. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi lo mshumayeli Yingakho intengo yemikhiqizo belilokhu liphakeme kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Namuhla, ungathola eziningi imikhiqizo emakwe brand name "Valdai" - ngeshwa, kubakhiqizi bendawo abakwazi ukufunda indlela yokuthola thusi, lapho etholwe edumile ahlanzekile, mnene tinkling izinsimbi Valdai.