UZandile Tolstaya: izithombe kanye biography

owesifazane Kwakuphawuleka Sofya UTolstoy, unkosikazi Lva Tolstogo. Biography kuba eduze oluhlobene nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi umyeni wakhe omkhulu. Owesifazane ezinikelwe umphakathi wokuziphilisa, futhi evamile yokuphila idolobha ngenxa yokuba naye. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe yena ukuhlelwa nefa lakhe kuyinto Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya. Biography yowesifazane kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni.

L. N. UTolstoy Septhemba 23, 1862 oshadile. Ntombazane Igama UZandile Andreyevna UTolstoy - Bers. Ngaleso sikhathi, le ntombazane eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, futhi UTolstoy - 34. Lo mbhangqwana wahlala ndawonye isikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka engu-48. Bazihlukanisa kokufa Ukubala UTolstoy. Nokho, umshado angeke ngokuthi Licwathile ujabule futhi kulula. Sofya UTolstoy UTolstoy bazala 13. Useke eyanyatheliswa ngo yakhe iqoqo esaphila imisebenzi UTolstoy, kanye ukushicilelwa posthumous izinhlamvu umbhali omkhulu. Leo isigijimi yokugcina ayeyibhekise umkakhe ngemuva kokuthi babe nengxabano, wavuma ukuthi, kumnyama noma kubomvu, wamthanda, kodwa ukuba aphile nalo bengayi. Ngemva kwalokho, waya uhambo lwakhe lokugcina esiteshini. "Astapovo".

Umkakho Countess ezimbi?

Njengoba kule impilo yomyeni wakhe, futhi ngemva kokufa njengomhlatshelo UTolstoy sika, Sofyu Andreevnu wamangalelwa wayengakwazi ukuqonda umyeni wakhe, ukwabelana ngemibono yakhe. Wayengumngane kusolakala ezivamile kakhulu futhi ekude kakhulu ukubukwa UTolstoy sika zefilosofi. UTolstoy yena usola iDA ke. Empeleni, lokhu kwaba isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi azifani kanjani bayithanda, glooming okungenani engu-20 edlule yokuphila kwasemshadweni. Nokho, asikwazi ngokuthi umfazi omubi. Lokhu kufakazelwa biography Sofi UTolstoy. Wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe kuye ekuzalweni bekhulisa izingane, kanye nekhambi kwezinkinga zezomnotho we nabalimi abancane, ukunakekelwa yendlu futhi abalondoloze ifa okudala nabangane babo bomshado. Ngenxa yalesi kwadingeka bayakhohlwa impilo ephezulu, futhi sigqoka.

Ubungane UTolstoy futhi Bers umndeni

Bala UTolstoy emhlanganweni nomkakhe, kakade wakwazi ukwenza i-career Pedagogical nezempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba umlobi odumile. UTolstoy wayewazi kahle Behrs umndeni ngaphambi kokuba isevisi eCaucasus esenzeka 1850s, evakashele eYurophu. Sofia - indodakazi wesibili ka-Andreya Bers, udokotela owayesebenza ehhovisi eMoscow isigodlo, futhi Lyubovi Bers, nomkakhe (isibongo sasekhaya - Islavina). Wonke umkhaya wayenamadodakazi ezintathu kanye namadodana akhe amabili. Bercy wahlala e Moscow, kodwa kuyaqabukela wavakashela Tula Islavinyh izindlu, etholakala edolobhaneni Ivica kuphi Yasnaya Polyana wayesondelene kakhulu. Lyubov kwaba abangane uMaria, udade uLeo Tolstoy. Futhi Constantine, umfowabo, wayengumngane Earl. UTolstoy kuqala wabona UZandile nodadewabo ezifanayo beseyizingane. Babehlale bendawonye eMoscow ngesikhathi Yasnaya Polyana, ukucula, ukudlala upiyano, ngisho once wafaka opera ukusebenza.

kumiswa

unkosikazi Ikusasa UTolstoy, Sofya Bers (abajonqile), wathola imfundo yekhethelo ekhaya. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, unina safaka izingane zabo ukuthanda izincwadi. Wabe iziqu eMoscow University ngezinga e uthisha ekhaya. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Sofya Bers wabhala tindzaba letimfisha ezaziwayo. Yena waqamba kubo ngisho kusukela ebusheni bami. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSophia igcinwe idayari, kamuva waqaphela njengoba esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu se-uhlobo Umlando.

Njengoba Countess UTolstoy umxhwele

UTolstoy, owabuyela eMoscow, ithole omdala intombazane enhle esikhundleni kwentombazanyana, okuyinto yamkhumbula Sofyu Bers. Umndeni futhi yafinyelela futhi baqala ukuza kude nomunye. Bers sibona ukuthi UTolstoy ukuba indodakazi yakhe, kodwa wayesenomuzwa wokuthi UTolstoy kuyinto ukuphakamisa endala, u-Elisabethe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa, akaboni yena, kodwa ngo-August 1862, ngemva ngosuku olulandelayo Lev Tolstoy esichithwe umndeni, wenza isinqumo esiwujuqu ezaziwayo. Yena won ke le esengqondweni iyacaca futhi lula lokwahlulela, iyashesha yayo. They valekile kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, bese-ke Bala waya Ivica. Lapha Bers ahlelwe ibhola. Sofia wasina kuso ukuze UTolstoy sinqatshiwe ukungabaza zokugcina.

Ukufunda idayari UTolstoy sika

Septhemba 16 uLeo Tolstoy wacela isandla Sofi Bers, ukuthumela incwadi entombazaneni ngaphambili, ukuze kuqinisekiswe sivumelwano yayo. UTolstoy, befuna ukuba sithembeke umkakhe esizayo, wanika Sophie ukufunda yakhe yezenzakalo zansuku zonke. Bears bafunde ngokulawulwa eneziyaluyalu esidlule UTolstoy mayelana ukugembula, mayelana amanoveli amaningi, kuhlanganise ukuxhumana Aksinya, ongumlimi intombazane alindele ingane ukubala. Ngashaqeka unkosikazi UTolstoy esizayo, kodwa wafihla imizwa yakhe njengoba ayengakwenza. Noma kunjalo, uSophia uyothwala kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe imemori of la vulamehlo.

Wedding kanye iminyaka yokuqala yomshado

Kwesonto ngemuva ukubandakanyeka babeshadile. Earl kwakufanela ashade umakoti wakhe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwakusengathi Tolstoy, yena egcina emthola, lo kakhulu efanayo, okuyinto ngiphuphe kusukela ebuntwaneni. Leo, walahlekelwa unina ngokuvamile walalela izindaba ngaye. Wayefuna umkakhe esizayo kwaba njengoba ngothando, ethembekile, onemibono yakhe umsizi nonina, elula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sikwazi ukuhlola isipho umyeni wakhe, futhi ubuhle izincwadi. Kwakubonakala kuye ngakho Sofya Bers - Intombazane eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala abenqaba izingubo amahle, reception kwezenhlalo, ukuphila ezisemadolobheni ukuze eduze nomyeni wakhe, ukuba aphile yakhe izindlu zwe. Waqikelela yepulazi, ukubanjwa ejwayele kancane kancane ukuze impilo yasemakhaya, ehluke ngokuphelele kulokho ubudala.

Umkhaya emhlabeni UTolstoy

I Countess idale ukuthula emndenini ekhethekile. UTolstoy kwadingeka amasiko lemilayo yabo leyabanye. Kwabonakala kakhulu ngamaholide umndeni, kwacatshangwa futhi ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi, Whitsun, Easter. Zonke lezi imikhosi othandekayo Yasnaya Polyana. Lezi pre-ezilungiselelwe futhi njalo ngikweluleke kugujwa. Umndeni kuthiwa waya St Nicholas Church Inkonzo. Kuyinto amakhilomitha amabili eningizimu Manor. Njalo ngonyaka ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi ukubeka isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, ehlotshiswe nuts yayo eyayibhalwe, ezibaziweyo imifanekiso yezilwane leyakhiwe ngemabhokisi nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye Yasnaya Polyana okuhleliwe azenza. Kwaba khona abangu-the Countess, Tolstoy, futhi izingane zabo, kanye nezivakashi, abafana ongumlimi, egcekeni. pie Ankovsky kanye turkey njalo bondliwa ephathini kwakusihlwa.

UZandile ikhekhe recipe alethwe Njengoba ayehlukaniswe nomkhaya wakubo. Wadlulela UProfesa Anke Bercy, udokotela kanye nomngane umndeni. Ehlobo lika-ukuphila UTolstoy sika saphila. Kwahlelwa ukugeza emfuleni. Uphondo, umdlalo we skittles, ithenisi, amakhowe ukukha, namanye esake sawenza sisendleleni, ekhaya ukusebenza, kusihlwa zomculo. Bavame sisadla egcekeni, phezu itiye Veranda ukuphuza. Izivakashi eziningi njalo ukuza UTolstoy, futhi bonke ngothi lwabo kwakukhona indawo ebusuku. I Countess ungase futhi wondle wonke umuntu, nokuba ahloniphe ukunakekela kwakhe. Ngokusho A. Fet, Countess ihlanganisa ngezici ezimbili ezibalulekile ekukhulekeleni - ". Izandla-on isazela" "imvelo enkondlo" futhi

Emndenini ka-Eliya L., indodana ka uSophia, wazalwa indodakazi ka-Anna ngo-1888. Kwakuwusuku umzukulu wokuqala Sofi Andreevny noLeo Nikolayevich. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-UTolstoy ezinkulu umndeni lenyuka minyaka yonke. Abazukulu kwaqala ngo Yasnaya wamukelekile kakhulu.

Ukubonakaliswa lokuqala nemvelo

Ngo-1863, uSophia Tolstaya Sergei ingane yakhe yokuqala. Khona-ke UTolstoy waqala ukuloba inoveli yakhe enkulu "Impi Nokuthula". Umkakhe, naphezu kwezilingo ezinzima sokukhulelwa ukuqhutshwa, hhayi kuphela wahlanganyela ngemisebenzi yasendlini, kodwa wayebuye athole isikhathi nangamandla alo ukuze lisize emsebenzini umyeni wakhe - yena rewrote ukujabulisa ikhophi okusalungiswa.

Emva kokuzalwa Serezhi Sofya Andreevna yokuqala yabonisa ubuntu bakhe. Kabanga namandla ngokwayo ukuze uveze indodana yakhe, kanjalo edingekayo umhlengikazi phambili, nakuba UTolstoy wayephikisa. Wathi kulokhu abantwana bowesifazane uzohlala ngaphandle ubisi. Ngo lonke Sofia Tolstaya balandela washaya imithetho womshado. Okuyixazululayo izinkinga abalimi owayehlala emizini ezungezile, babephatha kubo. UZandile Tolstaya zonke izingane ezikhuliswa futhi wafundisa ekhaya. Kulaba nantathu wayeshone esemncane ezinhlanu, futhi ukufa ngamunye wabo washiya uphawu umphefumulo lona wesifazane.

yokucasukela wakha

Cishe Licwathile sekudlule iminyaka yokuqala engu-20, kodwa izimangalo kancane kancane zanqwabelana. UTolstoy, ngo-1877 wathola iziqu "Anna Karenina." Waba nomuzwa ukungeneliseki ngokuphila. Kuyinto kabi kakhulu futhi uphatheke kabi umkakhe. Ngemva Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya owadela konke ngaye, futhi ephendula - ukunganeliseki ukuphila, yena uzihlomisa kanzima kangaka ngaye.

umumo YOKUZIPHATHA SEARCH UTolstoy e-izimiso lapho umndeni wakhe babefuna ukuphila manje. Bala wanxusa phakathi kwezinye izinto ekubeni khona nje, ukuyeka ukubhema, utshwala nenyama. Wayengumuntu egqoke izingubo ongumlimi, wazenzela izicathulo futhi izingane izingubo, umkakhe yena. Leo ngisho wafuna ukuyeka impahla esivuna bakule ndawo. Umkakhe kwaba nzima ukumvimbela ukuba lesi senzo.

Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya ayikwazanga ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi Leo sangenza ngazizwa ngimlandu maqondana esintwini, ngake ngangazizwa ke phambi kwakhe. Wayekulungele ukunikeza bonke abalimi okuthole eminyakeni. Igrafu esabalindele umkakhe ukuthi wahlukaniswa ngokuphelele kokubili impahla kanye nokuphila okungokomoya, imibono yefilosofi uLeo Tolstoy. UTolstoy, ukuxabana lokuqala sina nomkakhe, washiya ikhaya. Ngemva kokubuya kwakhe, akazange athembele kakade Sofe Andreevne wemibhalo yakhe. Isibopho kabusha okusalungiswa manje babeka amadodakazi, umfazi Lva Tolstogo, Tolstaya Sofya Andreevna, nomona wabo.

Umlando Aleksandrom Taneevym

Ukufa Vanya, ingane zokugcina, owazalwa ngo-1888, nezilima ngomfazi umbhali omkhulu. Lo mfana akazange aphile kuze iminyaka 7. Ekuqaleni, lo mbhangqwana basondelana lusizi ezivamile, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Izigaba kwalasha, kulungise ukungaqondani kahle, ukuthukwa mutual kwaphoqa Sofyu Andreevnu ukuthola induduzo ohlangothini. Ukuqina umxhwele umculo. Sekuvele travel njalo eMoscow, lapho wathatha izifundo kusukela Aleksandra Taneeva. Ngiphakathi UTolstoy noma Taneyev ngeke kube imizwa imfihlo Izikhathi zokubonisana uthando njengendoda UZandile kuze kube sekugcineni, kodwa ubudlelwane phakathi kwazo babenobungane. Nokho, Tolstoy, zlivshiysya, unkosikazi nomona ayikwazanga uthethelele "poluizmenu".

ukuxabana ebulalayo

yokucasukela Mutual nokungathembani eminyakeni yamuva usukhulile kukhathazeka cishe maniacal. Ukuqina waqala ukufunda Diaries umyeni wakhe, uzama ukuthola kuyo into embi ngakho. Leo amthethise wakhe ngokuba osolisayo kakhulu. kwavela ukuxabana Obulalayo naphakathi kombhangqwana ngobusuku 27 ku Okthoba 28, 1910 Earl wacosha izinto zakhe washiya, kokushiya incwadi yokuvalelisa Sofe Andreevne. Wabika ukuthi uyithanda, kodwana yena akakwazi ukwenza okuhlukile. Ngemva kokufunda inothi, njengoba kufakazelwa ekhaya, Countess wagijimela minza. Ukuqina wadonsa ngokuyisimangaliso ichibi.

Ukugula nokufa UTolstoy

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngathola umbiko ngesikole ukuthi UTolstoy, imikhuhlane, uyafa esiteshini "Astapovo" i-pneumonia. abantwana baKhe futhi Sofia Nikolaevna, ukuthi wayengafuni ukubona ngisho waya endlini yakhe e umphathi wesiteshi. Ngaphambi kokufa komlobi kwaba komhlangano wokugcina abashadayo. Leo Nikolayevich kwaba Novemba 7, 1910

Life Sofia Andreevna ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe

Sofya UTolstoy, unkosikazi Lva Tolstogo, waphila isikhathi eside umyeni wakhe weminyaka engu-eziyisishiyagalolunye. Useke eshicilelwe Diaries yakhe. Ukunakekela UTolstoy nokufa kwakhe zithinteke kakhulu kuye. Wayengakwazi ukhohlwe ukuthi ngamgcina nomyeni wakhe e-ingqondo ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.

Iminyaka lokugcina Countess babehlala Yasnaya Polyana, sisalungisa ifa womshado. Ukuqina Eminyakeni ethile kamuva ihlanganisa izincwadi nezihloko ezisemakhabetheni, amakamelo. Esikhathini lokulala umyeni wakhe ehhovisi lakhe Countess kwesokunxele isimo ngosuku lokugcina lokuphila kwakhe, wachitha kulezi amakamelo ku ukuvakasha kuqala.

Washona ngo-November 4, 1919 i-pneumonia, ngaphambi kweminyaka eli-75. Budebuduze izindlu, ku Kochakovskom emathuneni wangcwatshwa Sofya UTolstoy. Photo amathuna abesifazane Tatiana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, udadewabo, uvezwa ngenhla.