Uyini umlando

Ukudalula umbuzo yini irekhodi, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi, nokuba umlando olubhaliwe ERussia yasendulo, kuyinto ngesandla vaults imibhalo ezembula izenzakalo ezalandelana ngayo.

Lawa madokhumende ezithakazelisayo-mlando, izazi zezilimi, ethnologists izazi zezilimi, ngoba umthombo ekutadisheni eminyakeni edlule, sibonga lethu esikwazi ukwazi izenzakalo ebudaleni obuthile kuphela, kuhlanganise nolimi lwasekhaya, indlela yokuphila namasiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo umlando wabo wesimanje kulotshiwe.

Annals Rus lasendulo ebhaliwe njengoba umuntu (Nestor Umlobi womlando), kanye namaqembu wonke (Ipatyevsky esigodlweni). Kuze kube yimanje, vaults zomlando ungazange lasinda yokuqala, ngabe zikhona kule sitlolwe umthombo amakhophi.

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we lidala kunawo wonke eRussia ubhekwa "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" eyabhalwa eKiev ngo XII leminyaka. the drafters komsebenzi kwaba echaza izenzakalo zomlando ezenzeka kuwo wonke amandla. Kuze XVII mlando ekhulwini bezingalotshwa zezindela kanye neKhotho kwesikhulu wonke amabhuku. Lokhu umsebenzi wajabulela ukuthi uyabahlonipha abantu ngoba kwakunenkolelo yokuthi kunomthelela ekwakheni ifa elikhulu ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi Ngokucabangela umbhalo onjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi igama lakhe uthatha emazwini "Ehlobo ...", oqala zonke indaba. amarekhodi anjalo ngokuvamile baphuma kancane kancane bahlangana vaults, okuyinto zihlukaniswe ngezigaba kuye endaweni yabo sokulungiselela noma izenzakalo (Kiev, Pskov, Novgorod nabanye). Bonke amagama ahlukile futhi Ukukhetha izindaba, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zihlukaniswe ahlukumeze okuthiwa.

IziKronike bezingalotshwa eziningi imizi yasendulo, i-main zazo ubhekwa okulandelayo:

1. Laurentian uhlu (imvelaphi ongaziwa) - iveza umsuka Kievan Rus 'futhi ichaza wokubusa Prince uVladimir. Iningi okuqukethwe kwawo "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka".

2. Nestorovsky noma Khlebnikov uhlu (imvelaphi ongaziwa) - uchaza wokubusa Alexander I.

3. uhlu Radziwill (olubhalwayo ngekhulu xv) - has a lot of imifanekiso, abizwa kanjalo ebusweni. Ikhophi yokuqala senziwe 1716, futhi ngo-1767 yanyatheliswa ngokugcwele ngaphandle ukulungiswa.

Ngakho, ngokwazi ukuthi Ngokucabangela umbhalo onjalo, sibheke ihlanganiswa njani. Ngakho, umthombo ngokubhala imibhalo babe ezincane izingozi amanothi, ihlanganiswe ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo, kanye zinganekwane ezihlukahlukene nezingoma. Zonke izinto okucutshungulwe umsunguli futhi, okusekelwe ebhaliwe vaults zomlando.

Kuye lapho izenzakalo Novgorod letihloniphekile, Kiev, Pskov lwemilando, futhi Galicia-naseVolyn indaba futhi esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga.

izincwadi Russian Old ke - kungcono izikhumbuzo zomlando ezisekhona, wadlala indima ethile enkulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni Motherland yethu. Futhi nakuba ezikhathini labamelene impi bakamalalahlengezela eshise izincwadi esitolo e izigodi zezindela, sisenalo ithuba lokuyofunda umlando amakhophi wenza evela emithonjeni yasekuqaleni.

Nokho, akubona bonke amarekhodi ezisemthethweni, abaningi kubo amanothi yangasese (isibonelo, indaba Prince Ivan Vasilyevich umkhankaso Ugra ungathola i Vasiana). Futhi, abanye abantu baye benziwa enkonzweni oyise, chronographs - izenzakalo Russian.

Ngakho, ukuqonda ukuthi umlando onjalo nokuthi yadalwa, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi namuhla, ngibonga kule imibhalo bomlando nokulotshwa kwalo, sinawo umbono wokuthi ngokuphila, amasiko nezinkambiso kokhokho bethu. Lokhu ifa linendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni emphakathini wanamuhla.