Uyini Psychology ukukhohlwa? Umqondo, izimbangela, zokuvimbela

Uyini Psychology ukukhohlwa? Kuyinto omunye izinqubo eziyisisekelo inkumbulo. Futhi zihlanganisa inkumbulo futhi khumbula, nokugcinwa kanye nokuqashelwa. Basuke atehlukaniseki, okusho ukuthi akukho noyedwa wabo ngeke kuthathwe ngokuhlukile kwezinye.

Kodwa lesi sihloko esisekelwe kuwo akukhohlwayo nje. nezimbangela zayo kuzoxoxwa, futhi ikakhulukazi ukugeleza inqubo, zezici nomthelela ke, izinhlobo izincomo ukuze ulwe mkhuba.

Uyini lokukhohlwa na?

Ngo Psychology, wemukeleke ukunikeza le ncazelo elandelayo ukukhohlwa. Lokhu ukulahlekelwa ukudlala amakhono futhi aqaphele ngaphambilini egcinwe. Omunye le ncazelo ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi okhohlwa kuncike kusukela izinqubo okungenani amathathu ashiwo ngenhla. It is kakhulu ihlobene eduze inkumbulo. Lokhu kuchazwe kalula: eyodwa awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela abanye. Kuze ulwazi olulondolozwe, akufanele ukhohlwe. Lena iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ngenqubo ukuhlonza.

ngezigaba

Kukhona ngezigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile zokulungiselela okhohlwa, ngamunye sakhiwa namadlelo ayo.

Ngokusho ngowokuqala ngokwengxenye ukukhululwa mkhuba (okusho ukuthi lokukhohlwa ezifana kwengqondo ngokuhunyushwa ukukhiqizwa kabusha lingaphelele noma yokuphambuka ngaphambilini egcinwe) nokuphelele (ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kolwazi). Kukholakala ukuthi bakhohlwe ukuthi ubuchopho (ngiqaphele) ukuhlunga iwubala, engabalulekile.

Ukwahlukaniswa yesibili kunqunywa isikhathi (zachazwa yisigaba okusithiyayo abaxhumene kwemizwa) kanye eside (yokuqothulwa yabo) ukubonakaliswa inqubo.

Kungani-ke kwenzeka?

Endabeni jikelele ukhohlwa izimbangela zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ahlukene. Eyokuqala ibona lokhu kungcono njengoba inqubo yemvelo. Lokhu, isibonelo, egcinwe kabi ulwazi kusihlwa noma ukhohliwe imibono ukuthi abantu bacabanga mayelana nje ngaphambi kokulala. Futhi, thina bayalibala izinkumbulo ezimbi: ukulala kahle kususa ke ngekhanda. Ngakho leli zwi: "Nisalele ke".

Iqembu lesibili kancane isifiso sokufuna ukuvelela. Ngokuyisisekelo, kungcono zonke amacala okhohlwa okungezona zemvelo, isibonelo, ukuphenywa kokuphulwa izinkinga ezingokwengqondo. Kodwa yalesi sizathu kusekelwe isimiso ukuthi umuntu ngokuvamile lithi "Ngikhohlwe" ngezinselele kanye nemicimbi akajabuli.

Inqubo ukukhohlwa

Inqubo okhohlwa kuyinto engalingani. "Angikhumbuli" - lesi sitatimende wukuthi ulwazi ayikwazi kabusha. Kodwa odokotela bengqondo abacabanga ukuthi yini inqubo ephelele, kanye nendlela lapho kwenzeka.

Ukuthambekela okhohlwa wukuthi, kuqala, ngokushesha bese kancane. On isibonelo ukukhumbula into: ezinsukwini zokuqala 5 idatha yokufunda ayosuswa ngokushesha kunezinsuku ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele yokuthi imemori zonke ezahlukene, futhi ngenxa uhlaka esiqinile enjalo ichaza akubona bonke.

Izici okhohlwa

Kuvele isici esithakazelisayo okhohlwa kuyathuthuka ukukhiqizwa kabusha imisiwe: okungukuthi ngekhanda olunembile kakhulu kubonakala ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kwengqondo okuthiwa i-reminiscence.

Ukukhohlwa njengoba inkinga labantu eliyisisekelo lokwenqaba inkumbulo

izindlela memory ivame ukuhlotshaniswa inkumbulo. Kodwa abanye ososayensi bathi ukuze kube nalezi kumele ziphenywe, ngokugcwele, kubalulekile ukugxila ukukhohlwa kunokuba ukukhumbula.

izindlela okhohlwa

izimpendulo eziningana ezikhona umbuzo etindlela ukukhohlwa.

Eyokuqala akuyona ngisho umphumela ukhohlwa indoda ithi, "Ngikhohlwe" akuyona ngoba ulwazi kusulwe engqondweni yakhe, kodwa ngoba kwakungafaneleki ukuba ibekwe khona. Ngesikhathi lapho idatha idluliselwe, bengazange wezwa, kunakwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, futhi agcinwe. Isibonelo: umfundi ekilasini, okungadingi khumbula eqinisweni wabuza ngesikhathi sokugcina lapho kwathiwa, baphazanyiswa okunye: isibonelo, kwi party yomngani.

Impendulo yesibili ungagxili ukudlulisela izenzakalo. Lona ulwazi wathola, kodwa ekugcineni engakaze ngobulili esikhathini esifushane noma ku inkumbulo yesikhathi eside. Cishe, ubuchopho wakuthola ingenkulu ngakho, futhi ngakho, futhi kukhona ngaphezulu.

Ukwahlukaniswa izimbangela ukukhohlwa

Ngaye ngaphambili kulesi sihloko babe amaqembu amabili amakhulu izimbangela Ukukhohlwa babebhekwa njengabantu. Kodwa ochwepheshe sikude futhi ayinhloko ecacisiwe.

ukufuduka

Ingcindezelo - uhlobo okhohlwa ukuthi kwenzeka kuphela ezingeni esesimweni sokungaphili ngokuphelele. Kuyo iphinde ibe yisikhali ngoba lithathelwe, lapho abantu ngokungazi ukuvimba izinkumbulo enyantisayo engalimaza kuye. Ngokusho Freud phambili, ekujuleni kuleyo enganakile, lolu lwazi luhlala, futhi kungenzeka ukuba "ukudonsa" out ngosizo ukuluthwa noma yembula ngamaphupho.

Amnesia, ifomu kakhulu ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa uchazwa ngokuthi isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. It libhekene ekulahlekelweni okuphelele noma okuyingxenye zezinkumbulo siqu. Ngo ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula inezici yayo ezithakazelisayo: it is ukuthi nakuba umuntu olele akakhumbuli ukuthi ungubani, imikhuba namakhono ubashiyile ezaziwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula akudingi izisulu ukuba relearn ukufunda, ukubhala, ingubo, adle futhi ukupheka ukudla kwazo.

uhlobo ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula

ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula akahlanye kuyinto ifomu edume kakhulu isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. It ayibangelwa izimbangela bokuphila noma organic. Ngokuvamile, lokhu ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula liyingxenye syndrome ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto yesikhashana, okusho ukuthi inkumbulo yomuntu ngokushesha ngokugcwele esimweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwelapheni enjalo ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula odokotela, izihlobo nabangane isisulu ukumsiza esimisiwe imithi ekhethekile ezizungezile inkulumo mayelana esidlule, abantu babevame yokuthi ubani ukuthi kancane kancane ewukhumbula.

Ngokwendlela umzimba owakheke ngayo ebangela ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula - kuyinto utshwala izinto ezihlukahlukene psychotropic futhi kwezidakamizwa, izifo kanye nokulimala, ikakhulukazi ukulimala kobuchopho. okhohlwa okunjalo kungaba okwesikhashana noma ehlala njalo. Ibizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula organic.

Abashiya Amakhaya enhle futhi lokukhohlwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke - izimpawu ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula kwasebekhulile. Lena ukukhiqizwa kabusha eningiliziwe esidlule, kodwa ukuma isikhathi eside kakhulu esikhathini samanje. Le ndlela ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula, okuyinto zivame ukwenzeka ukuba njalo, ebizwa ngokuthi dementsialnoy global. Odokotela bengqondo correlate ngayo umthetho Ribot noma umthetho reverse inkumbulo nesivinini. Futhi igama kweqiniso - umthetho ekuhlehleni. It is esigama yokudumisa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo zavela kuyo yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. umthetho Ribot azithola ekuso asebekhulile noma iziguli izifo ezithile. Ukukhohlwa (ukubhujiswa izinkumbulo) iqala izinto yamuva, bayanda yesiteleka esidlule. Isigaba sokugcina - ukukhohlwa imikhuba namakhono. Le nqubo kuziwa ukubhujiswa ubuntu kanye inkumbulo okungokwemvelo - izingxenye ukumelana kakhulu.

Uma ukhohlwa Ribot umthetho ngenxa yokugula, kuba esilaphekayo, futhi ngokulandelana ekulahlekelweni izinkumbulo khona. Nokho, uma isizathu - yokuguga, ihlala yodwa ukuba silondoloze wamanje status quo (ekuhlehleni ethuthuka ngejubane kancane).

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abezindaba njalo uqokomisa amacala ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula, wakuthola engeke ejwayelekile njengesinkwa UMUNTU angase acabange. Endabeni ukukhohlwa ngokuphelele kuthatha Inani elincane.

baqedwe

Lokucindezela - imbangela yesibili eziholayo okhohlwa. Ngokungafani ukufuduka, it is yena, ezazi. Umuntu Ungazama ukukhohlwa umuntu noma umcimbi, isenzo elithize abengumsunguli ukuxolisa isinyathelo okuyiwona waba lenhloni, njalo njalo. N.

Fading futhi ukuhlanekezela

Njengoba wokudamba futhi ukuhlanekezela zenzeka kaningi kunezinye ukucindezelwa noma ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu.

ulwazi Akumangalelwanga ngesinye ziqala ukufiphala: isibonelo, umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngesikhathi esithile isivele agcinwe kumemori yefoni, ngakho uyigcine enkumbulweni yami akubalulekile kangako, wena nje kufanele baqonde lapho ulwazi. Amakhono cishe engakutholanga lantambama, njengoba kuqhathaniswa idatha ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi ulwazi acela, ngcono zigcinwa yaziwa. Isibonelo: wafunda esiyokhunjulwa oluqine ingane isencane olunye ulimi kuka uma wayefunde esemncane, futhi ngisho sengimdala.

Nokho, wokudamba ayikwazi nangokunembile kubhekwe imbangela eyinhloko ukukhohlwa. Ngempela, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi indoda ngaphandle gimmicks uthi "ungakhumbuli" ngezinto ezibaluleke, sebenzisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa kubo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izinto engenamsebenzi njalo emqondweni wakhe.

ukuphazamiseka

Ukudlidliza noma ukuphazamiseka - okuxubene izenzakalo ezintsha (idatha, ulwazi, imininingwane) ne izinkumbulo zakudala. Lokhu kuholela okwalandela okhohlwa esinqunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamiseka futhi kuphazamisa ngekhanda. Kulula ukubona indlela yokubamba ngekhanda futhi sikhohlwe sixhumene. Ngisho izici ezinomthelela kubo, ngezinye izikhathi ezifanayo, exhunywe noma Okusizayo ukukhiqiza nomunye. Ngokucacile, esimweni samanje, izici ezimbili ezibalulekile ezifana ukuphazamiseka zokungenelela kungakonakali kanjalo retroactive.

ukuphazamiseka retroactive

ukuphazamiseka Retroactive - ngumkhuba lapho lapho ulwazi olusha ivinjelwe play ubudala. Kulokhu, idatha kufanele kube into efanayo nomunye: isibonelo, izilimi ezimbili zakwamanye amazwe. Umuntu owazi isiZulu futhi waqala ukutadisha German uzobhekana nobunzima ukudlala zamagama zesiNgisi, okuyinto muva akazange kumenze izinkinga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nozakwabo German esiyokhunjulwa lula kakhulu.

Esinye isibonelo: ukulungiselela izivivinyo. ukuphazamiseka Retroactive akubi kwesithiyo lapho wafunda kokubili zemvelo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, kodwa ngemva kwenye ukufunda izindikimba emnothweni ingase ivimbele kahle nomunye.

ukuphazamiseka EZIHAMBELA

ukuphazamiseka EZIHAMBELA - into okuphambene kulowo eyedlule. Kulokhu, ulwazi ubudala, kunalokho, kuphazamise ukwamukelwa of entsha. Basuke yayihlangana futhi sikhubazekile.

ukuphazamiseka EZIHAMBELA kulula cabanga ngesibonelo ukufunda kwesigaba: ekuqaleni okulula ukuyikhumbula ngenxa umphumela igunya, ukuphela - ngoba ulwazi fresh futhi kube lula ukufinyelela kuzo inkumbulo yabo, zingabantu, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, futhi phezu kobuso. Kodwa maphakathi noma osontekile noma kusulwe ngokuphelele. into yakhe ngokwezinga elikhulu namandla ukuphazamiseka mathupha.

eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma kwenqondo mayelana ukukhohlwa

Memory izinqubo kwengqondo iyachaza associative futhi ukucabanga. Kule umbono, Ukukhohlwa inikezwe njengoba ngokuwa izinhlangano. ukuphindaphinda letiphakanyisiwe bese usebenzisa ulwazi olulondolozwe ukulondoloza ubuqotho nezokuxhumana.

Ebbinghaus akhohlwe

H. Ebbinghaus, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo evela eJalimane, futhi eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule uye wenza uphenyo njalo ngawo umuntu akhohlwe ulwazi. Ebbinghaus ukhohlwa umthetho eminyakeni akalilahlile ukuhlobana futhi uyaqhubeka ingasetshenziswa ngisho Psychology yesimanje. Isibonelo ngenhla ngoba ukuphazamiseka mathupha, ekhombisa ezibukwayo futhi umthetho okukhulunywa ngaso, ngoba ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi uluphi ulwazi ekuqaleni kanye ekupheleni ukukhumbula engcono. Ebbinghaus wenza lokho abakutholile ngenxa ucwaningo eziningi. okusungulile lakhe ijika okhohlwa efanekisa iphethini yale nqubo. Kafushane ke lingachazwa kanje: isikhathi ngaphezulu Idlula mzuzu ukukhumbula, kancane umthelela lolu lwazi.

Ebbinghaus futhi wathola ukuthi idatha kokuba incazelo, indoda zikhunjulwe ngcono uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ningathwali injongo.

Indlela ukunciphisa lokukhohlwa na?

Izincomo ukuze silwe okhohlwa uma uzama ngekhanda ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Lapho ngekhanda imininingwane edingekayo ukuze ahumushe (esekelwe wenza ngenhla Ebbinghaus G. O). Okungukuthi, uma ufuna ukukhumbula into, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuhlakanipha ezimnandi zakudala - kungcono ukuba bafunde, kunokuba bekrema.
• Imininingwane Ukuphindwa, lapho isikhathi phakathi ukuphindaphindwa lokuqala kanye ngekhanda kufanele kube okungenani imizuzu engu-amane. Isibalo ezinikezwa ngangokunokwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala futhi kancane kancane kunciphisa.

Izincomo basikisela ukuthi isitoreji eliphezulu futhi ugweme ukukhohlwa ukugaya ulwazi kumele inikezwe isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa. "Ukunqoba uthanda ukulungiselela", eliphezulu nehlala njalo.

Ukukhohlwa: kodwa into embi?

Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi yini iyona okhohlwa kwengqondo, inikeza impendulo eqondile kakhulu futhi ngokwesayensi ngaphandle Umbala ngokomzwelo, kuphela yencazelo. Kodwa uma ubuza naye esontweni elula, imnike nesimo sakhe futhi, futhi ikakhulukazi omubi. Sikholelwa ukuthi inkumbulo, ukukhohlwa - okuphambene umqondo. Khumbula - kahle, ungakhumbuli - kukubi. Yiqiniso, okhohlwa kungabangela ubunzima kanye izithiyo, kodwa inawo ngasohlangothini oluhle. Thanda a idrayivu kanzima, inkumbulo yomuntu kususwa, onikeza isikhala esengeziwe ulwazi olusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ezinjengokungcoliswa ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula, kungase kube usizo njengoba ivimbela izinkumbulo, ukwazi esibuhlungu. Ekugcineni, zonke izinqubo memory umsebenzi ukusiza ukususa lamasu eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganise ngekhanda futhi okhohlwa, futhi ukuqashelwa kanye nokudlala.

Izinto ezenziwa abantu

Ukukhohlwa kwengqondo sifundwa ngokuqondene nezinye imemori izinqubo, kodwa namanje ngomqondo ovamile. Ngikhohlwa imithetho sisebenze okunye, kodwa hhayi ngokuqiniseka okuphelele. Okuqakathekileko isici womuntu: inkumbulo kothile kungcono, umuntu sibi kakhulu. Ezinye izindlela kanye nemiyalelo kufanele "ulungise ngokwalo", banikezwe izici umzimba nengqondo, yingakho okhohlwa - inqubo evamile kuzo zonke izinhlangano, kungokwenduduzo ngamunye.