Usizo lokuqala for waphuka wemikhawulo: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo incazelo izincomo kanye nokwelashwa

Ngokwezibalo, cishe wonke umuntu okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe sibhekene onjalo ukulimala njengoba ukwa. E-United States eqoshiwe nsuku zonke emhlabeni ezimweni kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa Russia - zonke izigidi ezingu ayisishiyagalolunye. Lokhu zokugula ngokuvamile kubangela abantu ukuba baphendukele traumatology, futhi ngamaholide kanye neziguli ice nakakhulu: odakiwe futhi bayasilela avuse Ukwenyela, esitho waphuka. Usizo lokuqala kuleli cala awukwazi kuphela ukunciphisa ukuba sengozini yokuthola, kodwa futhi nokusindisa izimpilo.

I yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu waphuka

Imbangela ukwa emikhawulweni ngokuvamile iba elimele, t. E. ithonya angaphandle amandla idlula amandla wethambo nendawo okufakwa uqondiswa. Ingxenye waphuka zenzeka ngenxa yisiphi isifo: ubuqotho ithambo kungenziwa i-, futhi akukho lutho zangaphandle, kodwa kuphela ngenxa yesizathu sokuthi sokugembula ithambo ebuthakathakeni. Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu Pathologic kungaholela ethanjeni sofuba, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo ezinzima, umdlavuza (ayanda noma Ukudlulela yomdlavuza kwasendaweni ngokushesha nezicubu bone) noma myeloma amaningi.

Quick Izibalo umonakalo ithambo

I waphuka ezivamile zenzeka abafana nezinsizwa. Abameleli beNdikimba namandla ngomzimba ezimbonini lapho kukhona ingozi yokulimala, bangasebenzisa kakhulu utshwala, nge ehambisana nokulwa zokudakwa nokushayela ephuzile, abathanda emidlalweni eyingozi. Iningi ngokuvamile ezingabantu zenzeka Ukwenyela kanye waphuka of emikhawulweni (usizo lokuqala ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngokushesha), izimbambo namathambo ebusweni Yekhanda.

Abesifazane asathuthuka kwamathambo ngeminyaka, ubungozi bokulimala inyuka iminyaka engu 45-50. Ngaphezu menopause kuba inkathi eyingozi of nokukhulelwa kanye lactation, lapho umzimba nokuntuleka calcium, ukuguquguquka maphakathi gravity, futhi ukubonakala elinganiselwe isisu esikhulu.

Okusatshalalisiwe ukulimala efanayo nangesikhathi beseyizingane. I isabelo waphuka akhawunti-20% azo zonke ukulimala ezinganeni, ngemvelo yabo abakhuthele, esebenzayo nokukhathalela yonke into eziyibonayo.

Ukwahlukanisa esitho waphuka

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka wemikhawulo kuxhomeke kakhulu ubunjalo umonakalo. Kukhona isimo sokunquma eziningana ngokuhlukana waphuka ngemacembu:

1. Ngenxa okuvela kuyo: kuhlasimulise (imbangela kwaba nethonya zangaphandle) noma pathologic (ukwa nomthelela izici yangaphakathi: nezinkinga zezifo ezihlukahlukene, nokuntuleka amavithamini nezithako)
2. Ubucayi: ukuhlukanisa waphuka nge ukufuduka, lapho izingcezwana ithambo angase ona kwezicubu ezizungezile, futhi ngaphandle kokuthatha ihlangothi, uma izinsalela aphethwe ngosizo ezicubwini. Ukunikeza futhi waphuka akuphelele, ababiziweyo chips noma imifantu.
3. Ngokusho ubuqotho isikhumba: libhekene isilonda olukha phezulu kuya ukwa evulekile, kuyilapho nge evaliwe izinsalela musa ukuxhumana imvelo bangaphandle.
4. Ukuma nesiqondiso umonakalo: Helical, iqonde, longitudinal, etshekile kanye waphuka transverse.

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka: Inqubo

Uma izehlakalo kwamathambo emikhawulweni, usizo lokuqala kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kuncishiswe amathuba zinkinga, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nokusindisa ukuphila. Into esemqoka ukuthi yonke imisebenzi abazenzi kahle futhi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka wemikhawulo kuhlanganisa eziningi izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukwa Wemiqulu (wezenzo zomuntu, enikela usizo lokuqala, iyashiyana esinakho ukubhekana - ne ukwa evulekile noma avaliwe, uma kukhona eseduze ukulimala ngezikhalo ubuhlungu kanye nezinye yezinkinga), kanye nokunikeza ngqo ngosizo oludingekayo. Ngemva isisulu kufanele uyiswe esibhedlela noma ukuqinisekisa ukufika odokotela enkundleni.

Kanjani ukunikeza usizo lokuqala for waphuka wemikhawulo? Ngokuvamile, usizo wenziwa ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Kuyadingeka ukuba sinike ukuhlolwa Inhloso isisulu, qiniseka ukuthi unayo ukwa futhi ukucacisa Yiqiniso obengeziwe senzo. Usizo lokuqala for waphuka wemikhawulo wenziwa kuphela icala uma isiguli isivele ukuphepha.
2. Uma isisulu aquleke futhi engasaphefumuli, into yokuqala okufanele niyenze ukuqhuba yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule umlethe esanguluka.
3. Ngo waphuka evulekile, kufanele uqale ukumisa ukopha aphathe inxeba ngamanzi isinqandakuvunda ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, uma kungenzeka, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi abeke ngebhandeshi oyinyumba.
4. Uma imithi etholakalayo kufanele anesthetize esitho olimele, okwenza umjovo we ketorolac (1 ampoule), novocaine (5 ml) noma ezinye izindlela ezifanele.
5. Kuyadingeka ukuba le mishini yenze futhi ushayele esitho "ngokushesha." Kwezinye izimo, kuba avunyelwe ngokwakho ukuletha isisulu a isikhungo sokwelapha.

Izimpawu kanye izimpawu esitho ukwa

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka of course kuphela uma Uqinisekise ukuthi isisulu kwaba nje ukwa, futhi ayikho enye uhlobo umonakalo. Ngakho, izimpawu ngokuphelele izitho ukwa yilezi:

• ukusonteka ebonakalayo wesabelo ezilimele;
• kwezinye izimo - ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento nokunyakaza;
• ukuhamba anda, isikhundla okungesona esingokwemvelo izandla / izinyawo (noma izingxenye yalo);
• olukha phezulu enxebeni izinsalela ebonakalayo nge waphuka evulekile;
• isici ziwe okwamanje umthelela.

.. Izimpawu eyisihlobo ukwa, izimpawu ie, nakho ezimweni eziningi kungase kuhambisane nezinye umonakalo yilezi:

• ubuhlungu endaweni ethintekile, okwandisa ngesikhathi ukunyakaza;
• hematoma, futhi ubuhlungu throbbing ubonisa ukuthi ukopha zangaphakathi uyaqhubeka;
• edema nokuvuvukala kwendawo yokulimala, ezingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa emizuzwini engu-15 emva ukwa;
• ukuhamba elinganiselwe, esitho elimele, njengoba umthetho, akusebenzi ngaso sonke noma ingxenye yayo.

Kuhlola isimo ethintekile

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka evulekile nemilenze, umonakalo avaliwe uqhekeke, noma ezinye ukulimala kuhilela ukuhlola isisulu, ukuhlolwa isimo sakhe futhi isimo abuzwa. Uma ingozi namanje abakhona, kubalulekile ukuba sibalekele endaweni ephephile bese uqhubekela phambili ukunikeza usizo lokuqala.

Isisulu kufanele ihlolisiswe ngoba khona umonakalo, ukopha, ukulimala ezingaba, hlola izimpawu eziyinhloko esibalulekile: ubukhona kokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula kwezimila, ikhono nokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle (ukukhanya, umsindo). Uma umuntu ezazi, kufanele ngixhumane isisulu, ukubuza mayelana nezikhalazo, indawo kanye nohlobo ubuhlungu.

Yini ebaluleke ayivunyelwe ukuhambisa isisulu ngaphandle kwalapho kudingeka ngempela, futhi ngaphandle ukunqunywa amathayi imoto ku esitho olimele.

isisulu equlekile

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka yezingalo nemilenze kuhilela umuntu ukuletha ku ukwazi yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule uma kunesidingo. Ngakho, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ezolile isisulu bese uzama ukuba ahole Komuntu ngosizo ezenzeka ngaphandle - ngempama esihlathini, amanzi abandayo noma swab ukotini wasigcobhoza ammonia liquid nezamanje emakhaleni.

yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule

Uma ukuphefumula futhi akukho ishayela, kubalulekile ukwenza umuntu afakwe emishinini yokuphefumula kanye inhliziyo massage. Ukuze uphumelele yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule isisulu ukuba alale endaweni eqinile. Omunye isandla kufanele uthathe esilevwini, elinye - phusha ekhaleni. Inhloko isisulu Ufaka emuva emuva kancane, umlomo wakhe ivuliwe. Umuntu osiza, kuthatha umoya kakhulu, bese kancane exhale, ezinabantu ukumboza umlomo isisulu. umuntu afakwe emishinini yokuphefumula kumele iqhutshwe ngokusebenzisa izicubu noma lithathelwe ekhethekile. Exhale emlonyeni isisulu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngemizuzwana emine kuze ukubuyiselwa ukuphefumula nokuguqulwa.

Ongaqondile massage inhliziyo wenziwa ngendlela elandelayo: Umuntu ohlinzeka izinto zosizo lokuqala, isandla crosswise phezu kwesifuba isisulu futhi kwenza ngokucindezela (esifubeni kumelwe wehlele amasentimitha ezine noma ezinhlanu). Kufanele wenze 30 Ukundindizela, bese ukushintsha kokucindezelwa ukuba umoya omncane. izinyathelo Resuscitative kuthiwa kwenziwe isilinganiso amathathu uthuthumele ukuba nomoya ezimbili.

ukushaqeka Obungapheli: Inqubo

Obungapheli ukushaqeka usizo lokuqala for waphuka yezingalo nemilenze aphansi (njenge phezulu) kusikisela hemostasis, ukuhlinzeka izimo ukhululekile (isib, ukugoqa abandayo umuntu ukuze kuvinjelwe frostbite), ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa ngokushesha esibhedlela. Uma kungekho aphansi esitho waphuka, phakamisa imilenze isisulu 15-30 ngamasentimitha.

Hemostasis nesilonda ukwelashwa

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka evulekile nemilenze kudinga hemostasis nesilonda ukwelashwa. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba sinikeze isikhundla efanele izitho zomzimba ukumkhulula izingubo, njengoba okwandisa edema esikhathini esizayo, mhlawumbe, ngeke sikwenze. Ngokulandelayo, tourniquet, noma ngebhandeshi ingcindezi isilonda (mhlawumbe oyinyumba) futhi yokuphatha imiphetho isikhumba magciwane lilimele. Qiniseka ukuthi ukurekhoda isikhathi esiqondile nokusebenzisa isichibi.

Unganikeza isisulu isidambisa-zinhlungu i-ubuhlungu utshalomali. analgin Ifanele, paracetamol, "Nurofen", "Ketorol" nokunye okunjalo. Endaweni esibhedlela lingasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo futhi ibe namandla ngokwengeziwe analgesics kwezidakamizwa. Lezi zihlanganisa "Fentanyl", "nalbuphine" noma "Promedrol".

Immobilization esitho olimele

Usizo lokuqala for waphuka yezingalo nemilenze kuhilela immobilization we ezilimele ithambo endaweni. Baxhashazwe esinye sezitho zomzimba wakho kungenziwa enikeziwe ngezindlela eziningana: zisebenza ngibopha abalimala esitho engezansi nge enempilo, kokungathembeki kusho ngakwesokunene, pribintovyvanie nokuphola kwengalo ephukile futhi esifubeni. Uma ungakwazi ukunikeza ezokuthutha immobilization amathayi ekhethekile, ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi into flat okuqinile. Ukukhiya ingalo noma umlenze kufanele ibe esimweni esejwayelekile bokuphila. Qiniseka ukuthi ufake phakathi isondo kanye finiteness pad ukotini gauze.

Lapho immobilization kufanele ucabangele imithetho embalwa nezimfuneko:

• ibhasi kumelwe kubathene emalungeni okungenani ezimbili, ukugwema umonakalo owengeziwe kwezicubu ezithambile izingcezwana bone;
• ukulungisa ubukhulu isondo kufanele lingafaniswa endaweni engaphelele;
• immobilization wenziwa, ngokuvamile phezu izingubo nezicathulo, kodwa kufanele asuswe izinto besiyoba sikhulu abathintekayo;
• usizo lokuqala for waphuka wemikhawulo engenhla (futhi aphansi) Kungenzeka ne umsizi.

Ngemva enifeza zonke izenzo ezilungile kufanele kube ukunakekela zangaphambi esibhedlela ukubiza "ambulensi." Isisulu uzodinga usizo kudokotela nokunakekela.