"Ushone imbongi ..." "Ukushona Poet" Ivesi Lermontov sika. Ngubani oye enikelwe Lermontov "Ukufa imbongi"?

Pushkin futhi Lermontov - amagama amabili ukuthi zifanelekile ukuba azungeza izizathu ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, zingabantu endaweni alinganayo kwezobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando ngokwayo isinqumo sokuthi kufa omunye waba zithuthukisa kwamanye udumo lonke.

ezimbili Genius

Lapho 1837, ukufunda mayelana Duel ebulalayo, elambulala, bese ngemva kokufa Pushkin, Lermontov wabhala ngengoma "imbongi wabulala ...", yena ngokwakhe 'wayeyiNkosi ngempela abadumile emibuthanweni etemibhalo. Creative biography Mikhail Yurevich luqala ekuseni, izinkondlo zakhe romantic esukela emuva eminyakeni 1828-1829. It likhula ngokushesha njengoba umbhali wamazwi nguye edlubulundayo, esibuhlungu, ishede Byronic. kuphawuleka ngokukhethekile kukhona izinkondlo zakhe uthando - "Ompofu", "Ingabe izinyawo zakho ..." kanye nabanye abaningi, kwembule umuntfu lofundzako loko lokushiwo idrama ezijulile nakho Lermontov sika. Futhi civil, iphiko wamavukelambuso, izinkondlo ufanelwe a lot of ukunakwa. Sekuyisikhathi umsebenzi esasisifushane Mikhail Yurevich. abalobi abavelele sikhulume ngaye ngenhlonipho futhi ukubikezela ikusasa okukhulu. Futhi Thixo yakhe, uthisha engokomoya kanye umeluleki ka Pushkin, wathi Lermontov. Ngenxa nobuhlungu ezifana nokulahlekelwa siqu, ebhala: "Wafa imbongi ..."

Izinganekwane namahemuhemu

babengakwazi mathupha ajwayelekile - kwakungenakwenzeka. Nakuba izazi-mlando nezingqapheli wokuphila, bit by bit baqoqe abantu omkhulu, okukhulu namanje ayikaziwa. Ngakho kuleli cala - owazi - mhlawumbe ukuvula wake ngaphambilini amaqiniso engaziwa, futhi kuvela ukuthi imbongi wafa, ie Pushkin, namanje okungenani kanye ngaphambi kokuba nyakazisa izandla nge Lermontov noma igeleze naye igama friendly ... Okungenani, abangane mutual ababenakho amaningi. Gogol nomndeni Karamzin, Zhukovsky futhi Smirnova-Rosset, Odoyevski. Ngisho nomfowethu omncane ka-Aleksandru, le playboy indefatigable Lovushka, wasekhothama Lermontov e Pyatigorsk noMichel wafakaza ukuxabana ne "Monkey" - a esifungelwe "umngane" nelithi ikusasa nababulali bakhe Martynov. Kukhona amahlebezi ezingaqondile, ukuthi kokubili ubuhlakani ebezingakabonwa - neqembu lakhe elincane wokuziphilisa Vsevolozhsk. Nokho, ukuze asondele Thixo wakhe Mikhail akazange alinge wakhathazeka, futhi bonke isikhathi Pushkin sika othile ukuphazanyiswa ... wafa Ngakho umbhali nkondlo, ngaphandle ukukhuluma umlandeli wakhe ikusasa main, ukuthi kwaba nenjongo yokuphila kokubili: mayelana lokusungula. Kodwa kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuthi Pushkin ngokuphindiwe waveza amandla nokujula, izimpawu okhazimulayo ithalente okusezingeni eliphezulu Lermontov.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ngakho, kusukela ngo-February 1837 washaqeka Petersburg, eMoscow, bese sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia imicimbi emibili, mhlawumbe ebaluleke ngokulinganayo. Eyokuqala - ukuthi "ilanga Russian izinkondlo kwelanga" ukuthi Pushkin wafa. Owesibili - evame kakhulu uhlu ngekhanda, ezingenamaqabunga umbani dolobha enyakatho, umkhiqizo "Ukufa imbongi." Ivesi Lermontov baba ngokuqiniseka umphakathi wokuziphilisa futhi ememezela ukuthi esihlalweni olusankondlo enyukela entsha, inkosi uncrowned. Ukuze ukusebenza umkhiqizo, ngokusobala, Lermontov yaqala ngokushesha nje lapho ezwa amahemuhemu mayelana Duel elibi kakhulu futhi elimele. Uhlelo lokuqala sihlehlela emuva Februwari 9 (Januwari 28), lapho namanje ayenethemba lokuthi Pushkin yini ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Nakuba, ilindele sincumo esiyinhlekelele, Mikhail iphela ngamazwi athi "Futhi ezindebeni zakhe ukuphrinta ...".

"Ukushona Poet" (ivesi Lermontov sika) kulekelelwa emigqeni 16 elandelayo ka-February 10, lapho benza kwaziwe ukuthi Pushkin alusekho. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke, kamuva waphawula intatheli Pan, umsebenzi Lermontov sika yashintsha izinkulungwane zezikhathi, ngekhanda.

"Imbongi eRussia - ezingaphezu kuka imbongi!"

ukuthandwa le nkondlo sika ifinyelele ezingeni yokuthi liye unolwazi mayelana "umuntu omkhulu". ukuphendula zombusi ngokushesha - ukuboshwa ekhaya, bese isixhumanisi elandelayo "asobala" eCaucasus. Lermontov wayegula ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba uBrigadier awuthunyelwa. Kodwa umngane wakhe Rajewski, ngubani phakathi yosesho etholakele umbhalo ngempela Kuboshwe nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi sifundazwe Olonets. Ngoba liyini ihlazo enonya kangaka? Ukuze isikhundla womuntu futhi setepolitiki ayisisekelo. Kakade, ubani oye enikelwe Lermontov "Ukufa imbongi"? Hhayi nje ngokumangalisayo umbhali unekhono Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu, cha! Talent art Russian bezilokhu generously endowed, hhayi umhlaba Russian skudeet kubo kuze kube yilolu suku. umsebenzi Lermontov Pushkin sika - nenselele ukuntula ingokomoya nobugqila, umoya fresh, emoyeni oluhlanzekile, khulula, hhayi ingcoliswe servility, meanness futhi baseness. Waqamba Pushkin kuyindida ngempela: "Ushone imbongi! - Slave udumo bawa ... "Lermontov, la mazwi amabili kuyahambisana. Imbongi oqinisekileyo kaNkulunkulu, iyafika akakwazi ukuba aqambe amanga, senze ezinjengendle, kuphambene kanembeza imiqondo eziphakeme zokuziphatha. Njengoba wakhuluma umsebenzi zoshonile, "izinkondlo uMnu Lermontov okuhle; babekwazi ukubhala lowo owaziwa nabathandwayo Pushkin yethu. "

Ukubaluleka komlando

Inkondlo "imbongi wabulawa" Lermontov senzeka ezincwadini Russian ikakhulukazi. Empeleni, kuba bokuqala futhi enamandla kakhulu ngokuya yobuciko, olusankondlo nje okungaqondile isikolo Pushkin - "ngqondongqondo ezimangalisayo" yakhe amagugu ethandwa eRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lona kanye iqiniso yokuloba wakhe - kube inkomba futhi ubuzwe Lermontov yena, isikhundla sakhe zomphakathi, yesimilo netembusave. Njengoba ebhala umhlaziyi Druzhinin, Mikhail Lermontov hhayi kuphela lokuqala wabalisa imbongi, kodwa futhi ungowokuqala ukubanjelwa alinge aphonse "evesini yensimbi 'lapho sibhekene labo gleefully bezihlikihla ngezandla zakhe, ambhinqa le nhlekelele yenzeke. "Inkosi is dead - mana njalo, nkosi;" - ngakho angase wakhetha ukukhala umphakathi mayelana yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu emlandweni ezihambisana nokushona Aleksandra Pushkina kanye neqiniso lokuthi "imbongi ababulewe?" (Ivesi Lermontov sika) ambopha phakathi abalobi phezulu Russian.

izinkondlo Uhlobo

"Ukushona Poet" - ngesikhathi esifanayo ODE onesizotha futhi ukubhinqa ezinzima. Inkondlo iqukethe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubuyekezwa yamakhono ingubani le Pushkin okukhulu. Ngakolunye - uthukuthele futhi akakhethi ukugxekwa ababeshisekela wakhe, umphakathi wokuziphilisa eliholwa umbusi kanye osaziwayo abaseduze, isikhulu samaphoyisa Benkendorf, uquqaba lwezingelosi baxgeki futhi censors, ongazange afune ukuphila nangobumhlophe benhliziyo, inkululeko abathanda futhi bahlakaniphe kangakanani, enobuntu ukukhanyiselwa imibono nemibono lwangena emphakathini. Ngakho ukuthi yathathwa izingqondo nemiphefumulo intsha ngaphansi kwejoka ukuphendula zezombusazwe. UMbusi uNicholas akalukhohlwanga ngezenzakalo Disemba 14, 1825, nxa uzanyazanyiswa isihlalo sobukhosi ababusi Russian. Akumangalisi ukuthi "Ukushona Poet", kusobala ukuthi ngaziswa njengombonisi isikhalazo inguquko. umugqa Odic ebhaliwe onesizotha, "okusezingeni eliphezulu" isitayela futhi liqukethe silulumagama efanele. Satirical futhi yakhelwe esiqinile tebuciko canons. Ngakho, Lermontov wenza ubunye Akumangalisi bokuzwana ehlukahlukene.

Ukwakheka inkondlo

"Ukufa imbongi" - inkondlo nge eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo okucacile, kahle ezicatshangwe Ukwakheka ihlelwe. Ngokusho okuqukethwe kuwo wawuveza ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbalwa. Ngamunye ngokunengqondo kuphelile, it is zihlukaniswa isitayela yayo, bokubanga yayo nokungapheleli esakuzuza umqondo. kodwa yomkhakha owodwa futhi kuncike incazelo evamile umsebenzi. Ukuhlaziya ukwakheka, kungenzeka ukuhlonza kuncike futhi umbono umsebenzi.

Theme, umqondo, eziyinkinga

Ingxenye yokuqala siqukethe imigqa 33, Nomfutho, uthukuthele, ugcizelela ukuthi ukufa Pushkin - ". Izwe" azibangelwa inkambo engokwemvelo izenzakalo, kodwa ukubulala okunenjongo ngamabomu umuntu, kuphela wayihlubuka ukubukwa ka Ukufa - isijeziso umzamo, Ngakho-ke, yiba nguwe, uhlale kweqiniso ukuze ithalente lakhe futhi ikhodi udumo. Lermontov emfushane olunembile. Ukuze ethize killer soulless nge "abandayo ezithandayo" umzingeli "injabulo kanye ezinhlwini" uwuthando olwenziwe phetho ( "ikusasa kufezeke umusho"). Lokhu Mikhail ubona okushiwo yile nhlekelele, "inzalo uyaziqhenya" odumile meanness nokubeletha ningathetheleli izinkulumo accusatory ayethule. Akhulekela emasikweni autocracy futhi serfdom, ngoba - ngesisekelo inhlalakahle esidlule yabo, okwamanje nokwesikhathi esizayo. Futhi wonke umuntu, ubani lo onesibindi bephazamisa kubo, kufanele ichithwe! Kungakhathaliseki esandleni French Dantes, noma ubani omunye. Phela, Lermontov yena wafa eminyakeni embalwa kamuva "Dantes Russian" - Martynov. Ingxenye yesibili ngekondlo (imigqa 23) uyalingana akanhlanhlatsi. Mikhail akaphinde asibalele emuva ubuhlungu benhliziyo okukhiwa yakhe siqu ngokujulile futhi kuyena umfanekiso Pushkin. I izinkondlo zigcwele lezinombolo olusankondlo: .. Antithetical, imibuto lengafuni mphendvulo, enjabulo, njll Ingxenye yokugcina (imigqa 16) - futhi i-ukubhinqa, isixwayiso esesabekayo ka ephakeme, isahlulelo sikaNkulunkulu, isikhathi enkantolo nomlando ukuthi uzobajezisa izigebengu futhi ithethelele abangenacala. Umugqa lesiprofetho, ngoba indlela kwenzeka ...