Umthethosisekelo waseJalimane. Isakhiwo sezwe se-post-war eJalimane

Ngemuva kokuphela kokubulawa kwegazi kweMpi Yezwe II, ingxenye engasentshonalanga yeJalimane, eyayiyindawo yokuhlala yabalingani (i-Great Britain, iU.SA neFrance), yaqala ukuvela emanxiweni. Lokhu kwagxila nesakhiwo sombuso sezwe, esiye safunda okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu koNazism. Umthethosisekelo we-FRG, owamukelwa ngo-1949, wamukela i- republic ephalamende ngokusekelwe emigomeni yokukhululeka komphakathi, amalungelo abantu kanye ne-federalism.

Ngesithakazelo esikhulu ukuthi ekuqaleni lo mbhalo wamukelwa njengomthetho wesisekelo osesikhashana wenkathi yokuguquka, empeleni kuze kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele kwezombusazwe zezingxenye ezimbili zombuso. Lokho kukhonjisiwe esanduleleni. Kodwa kamuva umthethosisekelo we-FRG ka-1949 wabonakala njengempumelelo kakhulu emlandweni waseJalimane. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kweJalimane, isigaba esenzakalweni sesikhathi sale dokhumenti sisusiwe kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, umthethosisekelo we-postwar usasebenza.

Umthethosisekelo we-FRG ngemigomo yokwakhiwa kwawo nasezindinganisweni ezifanele ezishiwo kuwo waba umbhalo oqhubekayo owedlule kakhulu owenza umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi wamahhala wentando yeningi eJalimane elivuselelwe. Ngokusobala, izihloko zakhe zokuqala eziyisishiyagalolunye imininingwane ngokuningiliziwe ngamalungelo ezakhamizi zombuso osanda kudalwa nokuzibophezela okucacile emigomeni yentando yeningi.

Ngalokhu kuhlinzekwa, umthethosisekelo we-FRG, njengokungathi, uhlasela amaNazi amnyama avela emlandweni wabantu baseJalimane. Ngokuhlinzeka izakhamuzi ngamathuba amaningi okuthola amalungelo abo, umthetho oyisisekelo uvimbela noma yikuphi izenzo ezisongela ukhetho lwentando yeningi kanye nezisekelo zomphakathi waseYurophu ophucukile. Ngo-1951, i-Federal Republic yaseJalimane yasungula inkantolo yomthethosisekelo. Lesi yisinye isinyathelo esibalulekile endleleni eyinkimbinkimbi yokwakha umphakathi wentando yeningi ezweni elalisanda kutholwa ukunqoba kanye ne-fiasco kaZwelonke.

Iqiniso eliveza kakhulu ukuthi, ngokusho komthethosisekelo omusha, hhayi kuphela umsebenzi wezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zeNazi-Nazi, kodwa futhi namaKhomanisi, wavinjelwa kulo lonke elaseWest Germany. Lezi zinsuku zingabhekwa njengehlobo lokunciphisa amandla olwa ngama Allied. Futhi uMthethosisekelo we-FRG ka-1949 usungula imigomo eminingana eyinhloko yentando yeningi: indima ebaluleke kakhulu yomthetho kanye nokuhleleka, izikhungo zomphakathi ezithintekayo emphakathini kanye nesakhiwo sombuso wezwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwethulwa kwanoma yisiphi isichibiyelo, ukuchitshiyelwa kanye nokwengezwa komthetho oyisisekelo, ukuvunyelwa nokuvunyelwa kwabo okungenani izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamalungu eBundestag neBundesrat kwakudingeka. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo zomthethosisekelo azikwazanga ukuguqulwa ngisho nakulokhu. Lapha, izifundo ezifundwa kumaNazi eza emandleni kanti izithelo zemisebenzi yazo ziyabathinta ngokucacile.

Isimiso se-federalism, lapho izifunda zombuso ziyizwe, ngokomlando zendabuko eJalimane. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo sombuso luye lwadlula indlela elukhuni kusukela e-federalism ephakathi nendawo kuya kulesimiso samanje se-federalism yokubambisana, lapho izwe ngalinye lihlanganyela ngokulinganayo empilweni yezwe yezombusazwe, enombuso wayo, umthethosisekelo kanye nezinye izimfanelo zombuso. Leyo divaysi yashicilelwa emthethwenisisekelo we-post-war, ohambisana ngokugcwele nemikhuba yomlando yabantu baseJalimane. Manje iJalimane nayo ibuye ibe nomthetho oqhamuka kakhulu wemisebenzi eYurophu.