Umsuka izinja: umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Abangani abane-ezinemilenze - kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu. Kunzima ukucabanga obungenza ngayo esintwini wahlala ngaphandle ezifana abasizi abathembekile. Umsuka izinja - umbuzo lapho kusekhona impendulo ecacile. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi, kwenziwe ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ucwaningo zofuzo neluhlolo, kodwa umbuzo usaphakama evulekile. Zama ukuqonda kukhona umbono futhi uthole ukuthi kungani emhlabeni ukufuywa kwamakamela abangane bethu abane-ezinemilenze izimfihlo eziningi kangaka.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Inja - a okuzingela esincelisayo Canine. Ngokusho imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kule nkathi lokuqala Paleogene - Paleocene (eminyakeni million 50 edlule) kwakukhona kakade lamabutho kwezinyoni ezidla inyama, okuyinto yena, ihlukaniswe suborders ezimbili: feliformia futhi caniformia. Omunye abameleli lokuqala suborder yesibili abakholwa kwizinto isilwane njengoba progesperotsion. Njengoba ngokucophelela izinsalela zamathambo yayo, singaphetha ngokuthi yayingafuni inja: umlomo, amazinyo abukhali, imilenze okusezingeni eliphezulu, umzimba eside. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, suborder namanje zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu.

Iqembu lokuqala lalihlanganisa abameleli inzalo progesperotsiona yesibili - umndeni borophagus, nowesithathu - impisi. Kwakuwusuku umndeni lokugcina imvelaphi kanye izinja kuhlobene eduze, ngenxa yokuthi, ngokusho mbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, abangane bethu abane-ezinemilenze wayikhipha timphisi.

Imibono Darwin

uhambo kaDarwin abagibele "Beagle," bavunyelwe ukuba ahambe aye emazweni ahlukahlukene. Yena, njengo ubani omunye, wafundiswa umsuka izinja futhi wazama ukuthola iqiniso. Darwin wathola ethakazelisayo, okuyinto kwaba ukuthi izinhlobo of izinja ezindaweni ezithile azifane kakhulu izici zabo zangaphandle ephila khona le Izimpisi bohlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenye indawo inja ikhaya sifana kakhulu izimpungushe okungenzeka babehlala lapho, nabanye - ku izimpungushe. Ezindaweni ezahlukene empeleni wahlala zohlobo inja afana izilwane ezidla ezinye wendawo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi umsuka izinja ngenxa yokuthi, njengengxenye zizalela engalawuliwe iphutha izilwane crossbreeding ezahlukene: izimpungushe, izimpisi, izimpungushe, coyotes (ngoba ummeleli we 39 ngazimbili wama-chromosomes ngamunye, empeleni kube isizukulwane hybrid). Ngenxa yalokho, zohlobo ngalunye babehlanganyele ukufana nalelo noma leminye imibono kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuphongoza kuye. Kodwa ngempela, ukwandisa zifana kakhulu izimpungushe, izimpungushe kanye esithile. Futhi uma sifaka kule Ukukhetha futhi Ukukhetha yokufakelwa, kungenzeka ukuthi umsuka zezintaka izinja lihlotshaniswa owela kwezilwane omkhaya owodwa.

Ukubuka okunye

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inja usabiza Izimpisi engqondweni, abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi zazivela "prasobaki". Mhlawumbe kwezigidi ezingu 30-40 edlule, kwaba nelinye iqembu izilwane ezidla ezinye, okuyinto ngukhokho inja yasekhaya. Kunobufakazi bokuthi e ekumbeni izinsalela izilwane lasendulo, afane nezinja atholakele. Nokho, noma yimuphi isizinda yesayensi kanye nobufakazi lo mbono alikho.

I phenotype izinja inja zizalela

Njengoba sesibonile, umlando umsuka izinja bengayiqondi ngokugcwele. Kunzima ukusho ngokunemba okuphelele, okwakuphume kuye eqale khona. Kodwa okuthakazelisa nakakhulu Ukukhetha yokufakelwa kanye zizalela. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-ezine izinhlobo ezahlukene izinja. Ahluke ukuphakama, isisindo, umbala, ukuma izindlebe nomsila, nezinye nakomaka eziningi ukufuywa.

Umsebenti umgomo kabani main ukuzalela futhi sithuthukise izinhlobo of izinja ngokuthi izinja. Ukuhlolwa okukhethwayo Ngokuyinhloko ukususwa isisulu zohlobo oluthile inja. Zintathu izindawo: zokuhlobisa, ezingela futhi inkonzo. Ngayinye kukhona nezimfuneko ezithile: isisindo, ubude, ikhanda, ubuso, ekhaleni, njll

ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo

Zohlobo ezincane kunazo zonke inja - kuba Yiqiniso, Chihuahua. Omunye nabameleli bayo Boo Boo ukala 600 amagremu futhi ukuphakama 10 amasentimitha. Chuhuahua - isilwane cute. Ziyakwazi namahloni kakhulu, nelukuluku futhi ngumuntu oqaphelayo. Kodwa inja ngobukhulu (Omkhulu Dane zohlobo) - Zeus, ukukhula 110 cm kanye isisindo mayelana 70 kg. Lolu hlobo giant inja lumnandi kakhulu ukudlala, kodwa kuphela maqondana nabanikazi. Abamele le zilwane zivame baqeqeshiwe njengomvikeli welungu.

Umsuka wegama elithi "inja" ubizwa nangokuthi embozwe eziningi izimfihlo kanye izimfihlakalo. NgesiRashiya, lapho livela khona ngekhulu le-12. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi ngemvelaphi izwi. Othile ecabanga ukuthi livela Turkic "Kobyak", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "isilo sasendle ezifuywayo." Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lwamaSlav yaba liphinyiselwe kalula "inja". okufushane Ngini yesayensi, yona evame ukuqonda isici izazi ezinjengo Miller Vasmer, itholakala iqiniso lokuthi igama elithi "inja" lisuselwa sabāka Iranian, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ngokushesha." "Inja" noma "noHort" kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-12 yayibizwa ngokuthi i-isilwane. Futhi kuyathakazelisa ukuthi "inja" lalisetshenziswa izinja nge hair obukhulu, kodwa "noHort", kunalokho, ukuze izinhlobo hairless.