Umsebenzi amandla amaprotheni: izibonelo nezincazelo. Yiziphi amaprotheni lapho lokufeza amandla umsebenzi?

umzimba wethu yakhiwa izakhi ezihlukahlukene trace kanye izinto. Ngenxa ukuguqulwa yabo unomphela singaphila futhi afeze ibhizinisi labo. Asazi noma ucabange ukuthi umzuzu nomzuzu wokuphila izinhlayiya elincane emzimbeni njalo sisebenzela, ngokuletha Senzeleni umusa. Yiqiniso, umsebenzi umuntu ngamunye ukuba njalo ubuyise amasheya abo.

Into ngenxa yokuphila umzimba

I izinto eziyinhloko sikwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele kukhona ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha. Lezi izinto zitholakala ngezabelo ezahlukene cishe zonke ukudla, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba silinganisele lezi zinto, njengoba obekungase uqale inkinga yezempilo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola imisebenzi amaprotheni, njengoba bakwazi ukunikeza umzimba amandla.

Hlobo luni izidakamizwa - amaprotheni?

Lawa izakhi ukuthi bakha iketango acid acid. Banezinhliziyo isisindo yamangqamuzana okusezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba i-molecule elilodwa yokuhlala acid eziningana acid ezenza isibopho polypeptide. Omunye iyunithi amaprotheni ingxenye, emelelwa iyiphi acid acid.

Le into kuyinto impahla ebalulekile zokwakha umzimba. Of amino acid kanye namaprotheni ukwakha cishe wonke umzimba: zinikeza umuntu ohlinzeka mpilo-hemoglobin - iprotheni. Le into esiza ukuxhasa izivikeli mzimba, uhlanganyela zamagama-hormone, ngakho kunesidingo ukulawulwa izinqubo eziningi zangaphakathi. Naye wanikelwa icala umsebenzi amandla, engesiyo eyinqaba kuye ngokugcwele. Ngaphandle kwayo, emzimbeni kunzima kakhulu ukuthuthukisa futhi ukhule. Kodwa amaprotheni ngokweqile akudingekile kithi. Kusukela inani elikhulu lazo kukhona izinqubo yokubola kwamazinyo imiphumela omubi amaseli eziyishumi nemitshingo.

Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko

Amaphrotheni imisebenzi eminingi ngezithukuthuku umzimba ingabe siswele wesi kwanoma iyiphi inqubo, uhlelo amangqamuzana amasha, ukuzivikela mzimba nokunye. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

1. Catalytic. ama-amino acid, yokuxhuma ngendlela ethile, dala enzyme ukuthi banesibopho ijubane ukusabela ezithile zomzimba. Thina lapha asikhulumi ngama-nedlanzana abasebenzi catalyzation enzyme. Sinenkosi ezimbalwa, futhi ilawula abangafika kwabangu-4000 izimpendulo. Zonke lezi zinqubo bamunye umqondo owodwa - umzimba. Okungukuthi amaprotheni ukunquma izinga lapho kuyokwenzeka.
2. Wezakhiwo - ne amaprotheni ezithile ukugcina uhlobo amaseli yangaphakathi in the ngaphandle esinakho ngendlela ehlala izinzipho, izinwele nokunye.
3. Umsebenzi zokuzivikela. It itholakala lokuthi ukuthi amaprotheni ayingxenye uketshezi begazi, amaseli nezimpahla, ukunikeza isivikelo phezu ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, ezingeni mzimba.
4. Regulatory - kukhona izingwejeje, ezingalotshwanga ekwakheni izinto lamaseli azisetshenziswa umzimba, amandla umsebenzi ngabo akuyona eyinqaba, kodwa bekwi ukulawulwa izinqubo kumaseli. Basuke "ukubukela" ekudluliseni ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, imisebenzi nama-amino acid zamagama.
5. Ezokuthutha umsebenzi amaprotheni ukuthi baphathe izinto ezibalulekile futhi ewusizo umzimba ngemithambo yegazi noma phakathi amaseli.
6. Yokwamukela - kungenjalo kungaba ngokuthi mechano-amakhemikhali. Ezinye amaprotheni ngaphansi izimpawu ezihlukahlukene bangashintsha ubude bawo ngokusika.
7. Energetichekoy umsebenzi amaprotheni - amaprotheni ezikhishwe cleavage ka ethile namandla. Ngakho-ke, lezi izinto ezimweni ezithile ukukhonza njengephayona umthombo waso.

Lapho, kukhona umsebenzi amandla amaprotheni?

Hhayi njalo ekudleni kwethu is ukulinganisela ukuze amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate emzimbeni wethu isinyathelo mali njengoba kudingeka. Ngakho ngokuvamile kukhona ukuntuleka noma ngokweqile izinto ezithile.

Endabeni ukungabi nokunwetshiwe ka okwanele carbohydrate namafutha ukuze umsebenzi kuqhame amandla amaprotheni. Umzimba asiyeki kudle amandla, ngakho-ke kuyinto kwakwakhe amino acid ziqala ukuba awuhambise.

Kangakanani ukukhululwa kwe amandla?

Amaphrotheni - into ehlukile emzimbeni. Ukwehluka kwi-isakhiwo sabo mozht nezinkulungwane, kuye ke awo okwelapha okhetheke khulu. Flow rate efana isikhathi eside omkhulu, ngokufanayo amandla umsebenzi amaprotheni kuholela eqhekeza Yingakho kunesidingo njalo ligcwalise zinamanzi. Lokhu kusisiza ukuthi njengoba umzimba wethu - iqoqo amaseli synthesize protein ne ezithile izinhlobo kanye izakhiwo.

Ukukhululwa amandla kwenzeka inqubo ukugaya of amaprotheni ezingxenyeni ezahlukene pheshana emathunjini. I cleavage lokugcina ama-amino acid kwenzeka emangqamuzaneni.

Ukuguqulwa amaprotheni esiswini

Umsebenzi amandla amaprotheni, izibonelo iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi, liqala ngala cleavage yalezi izinto esiswini. Nangu eza ukusiza ayinto efanayo, esinye isakhiwo kuphela - i-pepsin enzyme. Kuyinto asebenzayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (lapho pH lwalungenhla ngaphezu 5.0 kanye ngezansi 2.0). Ngokuguqula uketshezi of nezindlala esiswini ijusi esidi esiswini, okuyinto ezuzisa ekusebenzeni pepsin.

Kakade kulesigaba siqala umsebenzi amandla amaprotheni. Pepsin - omunye enzyme eziningi, okungase ninamathele eziyinkimbinkimbi amaprotheni collagen (zezakhi eziyinhloko nezicubu inyama). Ukuhlanganisa ngamanzi (hydrolysis), akha Lesisemkhatsini imikhiqizo noqhekeko kanye encane yokushisa okuyinto dissipates ngokusebenzisa ingxenye nomzimba umzimba amandla. Ungase uthi ukuthi amaprotheni enze amandla umsebenzi, isakhiwo yayo akuyona enzyme, njengoba yokugcina kuphela ukusiza lo msebenzi ukuba baphathe nezinye izinto.

Ukuhlanganyela pancreatic amaprotheni cleavage

Kwamanyikwe akuthathi ikhemikhali i-cleavage. Kodwa kuyinto umhlinzeki we truss edingekayo, ngakho ngaphandle kwalo, ku ukugaya of amaprotheni kunzima ukwenza. Linikeza ngokweqile, izitho zokugaya enzyme pancreatic: proelastazoy, chymotrypsin, trypsin, karboksipolipeptidazoy.

Ukuhlukanisa emathunjini

Akuwona wonke amaprotheni babhekana a nokwahlukana ephelele emathunjini, nakuba abasebenza eziningi izidakamizwa. Ngisho ekupheleni ukugayeka kungaba dipeptides futhi tripeptides. a acid ambalwa acid kuphela ezatholakala kule yunithi GI.

Trypsin futhi chymotrypsin zisiza okuguqula amaprotheni ku polypeptides, siphakamise yokuntuleka glucose in ukushisa umzimba, kunesidingo esiqhubekayo ngempumelelo amandla umsebenzi amaprotheni. Izibonelo kugucuka enjalo sikwazi ukugcina nsuku zonke, lapho sisebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinto ekudleni. Ngemva ukuwohloka amaprotheni ukuze polypeptides ingena umsebenzi enzyme karboksipolipeptaza - ke iyanqamula acid ngabanye acid kusukela ekupheleni compounds kwakhiwa. Proelastaza digests imicu enwebekayo yezicubu kwemikhiqizo inyama kanye nezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Amaphrotheni enze amandla umsebenzi, kukhona esigabeni yokugcina ukugaya emathunjini amancane, i-duodenum. Zafika lapho, zatholana Zichayeke villi aqukethe peptidase. Lezi zici ukuqedela inqubo yehlukanise polypeptides enombolweni encane amino acid uxhumana uketshezi emathunjini. ukusatshalaliswa obengeziwe ukushisa amandla enchubeni njengoba ukuwohloka amaprotheni kwenzeka emangqamuzaneni, nemikhiqizo ekupheleni cleavage yalezi isakhiwo izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kukhona uric acid, urea, amanzi nesikhutha. Ngakho, sesibonile, lapho umsebenzi amandla amaprotheni Kwenziwa. It has no ethize amino acid kwasendaweni. Kodwa wenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ukugaya ephelele amaprotheni.

amandla yeselula

Amandla umsebenzi ukwenza okunjalo iseli organelles like mitochondria. Ngesikhathi cell ulwelwesi Transporter-molecule has sidonsa imikhiqizo noqhekeko amaprotheni ne-molecule. Kulokhu futhi, amandla ikhishwe, esiza synthesize molecule ATP futhi baxhumana umoya-mpilo. Ngisho emangqamuzaneni, ungakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo ngokuqondene nokuthi imiphi amaprotheni amandla umsebenzi. Lezi izinto ezingenziwanga emsebenzini enzyme nokwakhiwa, njengoba ekwakhiweni amangqamuzana omzimba behileleka abasindile ngaphezulu ngesikhathi cleavage polypeptides. Kodwa kamuva kungaletha encane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa amandla emangqamuzaneni ngu mitochondria futhi ATP zinhlayiya zakha (umthombo esiyingqayizivele yamandla ezikhungweni zokuphehla zonke izinqubo emzimbeni).