Umphenyi Forensic we Russian Federation: imisebenzi kanye izici

Umphenyi umsebenzi bekulokhu ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ezidingekayo ukuze umphakathi njalo. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amabili kukhona sphere kwezobugebengu, bese bedlulela kube yilolu suku. Konke mayelana lesi siqondiso, kanye ubungcweti umphenyi forensic uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

umsebenzi

Umphenyi-criminalist - a ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, esasivela muva onguchwepheshe. On the emakethe yezabasebenzi isisebenzi zithandwa futhi ethembisa. Kungokufanayo iye yabhekwa omele mkhakha?

I criminologist umphenyi emsebenzini ku inhlangano izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi forensic. Inhloso yalo msebenzi uphenyo ngazo izenzo zokwephula umthetho. Uphenyo kwenziwe ngokwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi zenqubo futhi okuphenya.

Mhlawumbe kufanele uchaze inqubo umsebenzi kokubuyekezwa onguchwepheshe. Uma endaweni yesehlakalo ukuqedela umsebenzi wabo, amaphoyisa, esimweni engena uchwepheshe forensic. Lokhu professional liyadingeka ukuqoqa lonke ulwazi olufanele ukuze enze umbiko isithombe, thola ubufakazi, ukuze ahlole isidumbu, izingubo nokunye. D. ngasinye, ngisho nasezintweni ezincane kakhulu kumele kukhonjiswe kubhalwe njengoba kunjalo emaminithini. Ngokushesha kufanele waveza ukuthi uchwepheshe kubhekwe amanga ngayo umsebenzi omkhulu ukubhala. Kuyadingeka ukudala i isibalo emangalisayo enkulu imibiko kanye nezenzo, ukuze sifeze wonke umsebenzi odingekayo laboratories ekhethekile, futhi kuphela bese sifika eziphethweni ezithile.

Yiqiniso, lo mseshi-criminalist P. "- ubuthishela akulula kule ndawo kuthiwa ngempela abantu abafuna ukuba banikezele ngokugcwele ukuphila kwakhe Forensics Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana zonke butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela mkhakha olucutshungulwayo uzobe kuchazwe ngemuva kwalokhu ..

Amathrendi kule mkhakha

Ngo isayensi forensic, kukhona izinkomba eziningi ezahlukene. Iningi lawo abantu umphenyi abanekhono Kufanele wazi futhi ngokunembile isicelo.
Yini ongayenza usitshele lezi zindawo?

• sphere Ballistic. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenza nezibhamu. It kwenziwe ukuhlaziya professional kanye ukuqinisekiswa izinto ngawo ubugebengu obenziwe. Kuyadingeka ukubala ibanga shot, izimo lokhu shot senziwa ngaphansi kwazo, uhlobo izikhali nokunye. D. Ingabe kuwufanele ukusho ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba bafeze lo msebenzi. Ezimweni eziningi, kuba sibonga ucwaningo ballistic nokudalulwa ubugebengu kakhulu.
• isiqondiso Trasological. Lena ngenye yama-izici ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezivamile yobugebengu. Lapha kukhona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi nge minutiae. Izigxivizo zeminwe, iminonjana ukugqekeza, imininingwane ehlukahlukene ezinye izinto - konke lokhu ukunakwa pay ochwepheshe abasebenza emkhakheni trasologii.
• Graphology sithombe. Lonke okushiwo ngalo mkhuba kuyacaca kakade kusukela isihloko: "Graphos", noma ngokubhala - lokhu liwumthombo oyinhloko, okuyizinto umsebenzi graphology. Ngenxa wesandla kanye izakhi ezahlukene ngokubhala, graphologists kungathola wotshwala noma izidakamizwa, ezinye izifo ezinzima, njll By endleleni, ukuze graphology osebenza avtorovedcheskaya Ubuchwepheshe - .. Recognition nombhalo ukuhlaziywa ukuhlonza wazo, ukudalwa kwedokhumenti imvelo, nokunye. .
• isiqondiso Phonoscopic. Ongoti kulo mkhakha ukuhlola ezihlukahlukene okuqukethwe komsindo nevidiyo, ukuze sibone ukuthi izwi kumuntu othize. Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa njalo, kodwa ibalulekile kakhulu isayensi forensic.
• Ukuhlola izinto eziqhumayo kanye izinto. Ochwepheshe kulo isiqondiso, njengoba kakade kwase kucace kusuka isihloko, zama ukubona indawo, isikhathi, izimo ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu, nokunye. D.
• isiqondiso Fingerprinting. Abasebenzi kule ndawo sisebenze zeminwe. Vala kule ndawo isifundo esiphathelene DNA - ukuhlonza lomuntu ngokuhlaziya isakhiwo DNA.

Sebenza umphenyi forensic ingaqukatha ezihlukahlukene kwezinye izindawo. Konke lokhu kukhomba Eqinisweni ngempela: mkhakha kubhekwe kunzima kakhulu, kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ethakazelisa kakhulu.

Izimfuneko umseshi forensic

I criminologist umphenyi kufanele inikwe okuthile azani lokufeza imisebenzi yabo. Yini kubhekwa uchwepheshe kufanele wazi ukuthi yini okufanele unombono?

Umseshi lokuqala forensic kufanele bazazi WaseRussia uMthethosisekelo wezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ummeleli wombuso mkhakha kumele kuthathwe unombono mayelana amathuluzi main ngamazwe zomthetho futhi izivumelwano eRussia, okuyinto lokulawula amalungelo nenkululeko ngabanye. Imibuzo kanye nezihloko for nokubambisana kukazwelonke emkhakheni komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa futhi kufanele babhekwe uchwepheshe emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe kwezobugebengu wenza. Futhi, uchwepheshe okumele niyazi:

• imithetho yamazwe nemithetho kahulumeni yomthethosisekelo.
• izenzo abahlukahlukene lelawula Russian Federation, ngandlela-thile uxhumene imisebenzi professional umseshi.
• izenzo normative-zomthetho uMnyango wakhe leKomiti Investigative.
• Izimiso neziqondiso ezihlobene kwamalungelo wobuntu, kanye izindima nezibopho lo mseshi, oveza RF eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, futhi izinkantolo iNkantolo Ephakeme futhi Ephakeme Arbitration. Uchwepheshe abanekhono Kufanele siqaphele izinqumo weNkantolo Yamalungelo Abantu YaseYurophu (kuphela uma indlela isinqumo esisodwa noma kwenye exhunywe ne imisebenzi umphenyi futhi umthetho lobugebengu).
• Basics amasiko nemithetho.
• Imiyalelo, oda kanye nezinye izenzo normative we RF IC.
• Kubaluleka kwesimilo ukuziphatha olusemthethweni bakahulumeni ngo RF IC.
• Kubaluleka zokuxhumana ibhizinisi.
• imithetho yasekhaya.
• Kubaluleka ukuphepha.
• Inqubo kanye nemithetho umsebenzi ngezibalo futhi imibhalo ehlukahlukene.
• Kubaluleka ukuguga, ukusetshenziswa kanye yokugcina izikhali.

Yiqiniso, abameleli umsebenzi kubhekwe Kufanele bazi begodu nezinye izinto eziningi. Ngenhla wawubizwa ngokuthi kuphela eyala eziyisisekelo kakhulu futhi izifundo ukuba zihlolwe futhi abameleli iKomiti Investigative.

Iziphi izimfanelo okufanele ayikhumbule criminologist?

Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi, umphenyi-criminalist UK ubenawo izimfanelo eziningana nokhondolo ezenza umsebenzi kuyozuzisa kakhulu futhi elilungile. Yini osebenza lapha?

Uchwepheshe abafanelekayo usebenza isakhiwo UK - Umphenyi-criminalist we Russian Federation - ukuba umuntu othembekile futhi iziphethe kahle. Isazi emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe kwezobugebengu wenza kufanele kube epholile futhi unesihluku imbala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ebucayi, nesizotha kakhulu futhi umuntu zokuziphatha. Kubhekwa uchwepheshe ubenawo ingqondo athuthukile, a erudition ezinkulu, futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, ukucabanga. Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba nguchwepheshe ezinhle ngeke umphenyi ngaphandle amakhono kohlaziyo athuthukile abangakwazi ngokushesha futhi kalula ukucabanga. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula, izimfanelo ezinjalo ezibalulekile professional ukucindezeleka, okuningi ngekhono futhi emsebenzini, ukuxhumana (okuyinto ngenhlanhla e womphenyi ezibalulekile ikakhulukazi). Umphenyi abanekhono forensic kumele bakwazi kalula uqale ingxoxo nabantu ongabazi, babe nabo ngokwakho. Uma sikubeka kalula, umuntu ukubika kumele kube ngisho futhi onekhono indoda.

Uma zonke izimfanelo ngenhla kanye nezimfanelo ezakhayo osuvele unawo, noma ingaqala - komgwaqo e-UK Russia evulekile.

Imisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi umseshi forensic

Umphenyi forensic ikomiti ecwaningayo Russia has a ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezingenzeka ezibhekwa imisebenzi nezibopho. Yingakho umsebenzi okukhulunywa asifanele wonke umuntu. Kodwa kuyafaneleka eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu, nakuba kancane isici subjective: mkhakha Kuyathakazelisa ngempela. Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba kukhona okungenani umuntu oyedwa ebambe isikhundla umseshi izinsalela, othi mkhakha unesicefe, wenze lutho kuwo. Ngakho, hlobo luni imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze afeze kummeleli umsebenzi kubhekwe?

• Ukusetshenziswa ngokuyikho kwezimali olunikezwa umthetho ukuvikela amalungelo nenkululeko WaseRussia. Ukwamukelwa esifike amanyathelo okususa ukwephulwa komthetho wamanje.
• Spoken ezingeni efanele yokusetshenziswa isigebengu, isigebengu-nenqubo, zokuphatha, civil, nabanye. Imithetho anekhono nabo umkhuba.
• Ukwenza umsebenzi we-izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izindlela, amasu kanye amaqhinga sokufeza nophenyo of emacaleni obugebengu. Amandla usebenze ngezigaba.
• Isibopho ukusekela ukuqaliswa amacala forensic lobugebengu, okuyizinto ekukhiqizeni.
• Duty ukunikeza nokwenzeka usizo SC uphenyo ezihlukahlukene nezindaba: Ngokuqondene ubuchwepheshe izinsalela, izindlela ezehlukene okuphenya, amasu, njll ...
• Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu umseshi forensic - Sebenza nge imibhalo. Isidingo ukuthuthukiswa olandelwayo, izenzo zomthetho ezihlukahlukene, njll
• Duty ukukhuluma obala futhi bangenele tinkhulumomphikiswano, ngokusekelwe olwazini nasekuqondeni we lokuziphatha.
• Ukusebenza amakhompyutha kanye nazo zonke isofthiwe ezidingekayo.
• Isibopho ukuqhuba ukwamukela yokubhaliswa ubugebengu kanye namacala imiyalezo.
• kwangaphambilini umsebenzi uphenyo.
• Bamba iqhaza ukucabangela emagcekeni amacala ahlukahlukene lobugebengu.
• Isibopho esifike ngesikhathi uqinisekisa futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo.

Ngakho, ngeqhaza kanye nemisebenzi abamele mkhakha olucutshungulwayo eningi ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu ezabonakala, akubona bonke imisebenzi ejwayelekile uchwepheshe emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe kwezobugebengu wenza. Nokho abantu abanesithakazelo kulo msebenzi, kufanele enze konke okusemandleni ukuze bafinyelele imigomo yabo kanye uthole umsebenzi RF IC.

Iyadingeka Ukuze ukwakheka

Ukuze uthole umsebenzi RF IC, kudingeka uthole imfundo ehlelekile. Lapho kungenzeka bahlukane nakho, ukuzibiza ngokuthi "umphenyi forensic"?

UJobe ngeke kutholakale bengenayo imfundo ephakeme. Futhi hlobo luni ukuqeqeshwa amakhono izotholakala mkhakha kubhekwe? Yiqiniso, "umthetho" futhi "luhlolo forensic". Ukuze Bantu babhalisele isikhungo ephakeme imfundo yalezi iminyango kufanele baphumelele ezivivinyweni zabo wombuso eyala "isiRashiya", "umlando" kanye "social science." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umsebenzi RF IC Liyindawo ahlukahlukene. Kuthatha abantu hhayi kuphela zomthetho, kodwa futhi, isibonelo, imfundo ezezimali nezomnotho ngokuzenzakalela lobuchwepheshe, Geological, kanye nabanye. Nokho, ukuze sibe umseshi professional, bahlukane nakho Faculty of Law.

Mhlawumbe, kufanele uhlu amanye amanyuvesi owaziwa yezwe, ukulungiselela ongoti isiqondiso acatshangelwa. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Russian sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni zezemfundo.
• Moscow State University.
• State University of Management.
• Academy of Labour and Social Affairs kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo.

Kumele wathi ukutholakala izifundo ezithile ezinikeza imfundo eyanele mayelana. By endleleni, isimo esinjalo kungase avela ngqo takhiwo RF IC.

Lapho ungasebenza

Ezinye kungukuthi kakhulu abantu onolwazi zisekhona, nakuba banal, kodwa kunalokho umbuzo obalulekile: lapho, eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuba afeze umsebenzi wakhe? Baningi impela kwemibuso litholakale abaphenyi forensic. Le ndawo yomsebenzi wabo professional, ngokulandelana, futhi ngempela ebanzi.

Empeleni, konke silula. Beginners abaphenyi, kwethweswa iziqu enyuvesi, ahlelwe, njengoba umthetho, ukuthi asebenze zikahulumeni engenzi-nzuzo. Kuyinto uhlobo abomthetho ezifana ehhovisi lomshushisi, ikomiti ecwaningayo, nokunye. D. Kukhona futhi isimo Luhlolo ekhethekile izikhungo.

Abasebenzi Professional, ngaphezu konyaka owodwa siye sakhonza okukhethekile yabo, zingahlelwa ngezindlela emizimbeni ehlonishwayo ngaphezulu. Njengomthetho, lawa isakhiwo forensic yangasese. Lezi zihlanganisa laboratories, izikhungo zocwaningo, uchwepheshe izinhlangano, nokunye. D.

amathemba professional

Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke abanye umsebenzi emkhakheni ezihlobene yobugebengu, has amathemba kanye namathuba umsebenzi yayo. Zimbalwa izinto mayelana nomsebenzi wabo kubhekwe onguchwepheshe Ungamtshela Ikhodi. Nokho, lo mseshi-criminalist, yithuba elihle kakhulu ukuba bathuthukise amakhono abo. Nokho, mhlawumbe kuphela endabeni basebenze kanzima amakhono abo. Ngakho, yini bangalindela kummeleli umsebenzi ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa uma kwenzeka ukuqeqeshwa okuphindaphindiwe?

At ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakho, ungasebenza ngaphandle umsizi forensic noma laboratory umsizi. Abahluthula isipiliyoni esifanele, ungakhetha eyodwa yezindlela ezimbili - noma umsebenzi inkampani yangasese, noma kugxilwe kancane okukhethekile. ukuqeqeshwa ephakeme anganika izikhundla ezifana abaphezulu umphenyi criminologist, yiphini lenhloko noma inhloko yomnyango.

nebubi umsebenzi

Kobuthakathaka kule mkhakha enikeziwe eziningi ngempela. Yini osebenza lapha?

• Imisebenzi, ababengeke bathi, ngempela "ezingcolile". Ukubhekana izidumbu, izigebengu ubuntu 'idla yodwa kakhulu - konke okuyizinto kungathinta kakhulu ubunjalo umuntu abasebenza emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe kwezobugebengu wenza. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe singakhohlwa ngawe impilo yakho engqondweni. Sidinga ukuba bahlale beqinile ngokomoya, umuntu nongenanembeza.
• Isimo sengqondo esingaqondile abantu abaningi-ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho bebonke. Ingabe kuwufanele kokusho ukuthi isimo sengqondo abantu ukuba abaphenyi, kwamaphoyisa, ngokuvumelana Nekhodi Criminal Procedure. Umphenyi-criminalist bevame ukuhlaselwa njalo.
• inkokhelo Amancane.

Nebubi kule mkhakha, yebo, akugcini lapho. Ngenhla wawubizwa ngokuthi kuphela nemiphumela ethile engathandeki eziyisisekelo kakhulu futhi kaningi izikebhe.

buhle umsebenzi

Izinzuzo nasemikhakheni eminingi. Mhlawumbe, wonke umsebenzi e yobugebengu isiqiniseko ukuthola okuthile okuhle ngokwakho. Nokho, ungakwazi ukugqamisa Izinzuzo esemqoka emsebenzini:

• induduzo Ukwandiswa izimo zokusebenza. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa kuyiqiniso. Futhi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha.
• Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka izindlela umsebenzi. Ochwepheshe Unelungelo njalo bathuthukise amakhono abo. Amandla umseshi forensic Yiqiniso, uzophinde ukunwetshwa. Kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe mayelana ezibaluleke kangaka njengoba ukwanda inkokhelo.
• Neyobuntu linikeza umqondo umsebenzi lilonke.

Umphenyi-criminalist - onguchwepheshe ilungelo langempela emphakathini. Bonke abafisa ukusebenza ezindaweni kubhekwe Kufanele nisebenze kanzima ukuze afinyelele imigomo yabo futhi babe uchwepheshe RF IC.