Umngani nokucindezela inethiwekhi - kuyini?

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla sonke esetshenziswa ukwazi ukwabelana ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo amadokhumenti nabangani kanye nabanye abantu. ezibalulekile kulokhu, i-Internet, ngoba Ikakhulukazi kunethiwekhi yomhlaba futhi usinika eziningi amathuba lolu hlobo exchange.

Ulwazi lwezinhlobo ezihlukile futhi udlulise ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, namuhla ethandwa kakhulu wobungane inethiwekhi (P2P), okuyinto eyivela kancane ikhono ukudlulisa cishe yisiphi isamba idatha. Kodwa-ke, le akuyona indawo kuphela lapho lobu buchwepheshe ngempela funa. Ngokwesibonelo, kusekelwe ezidalwe amaqoqo amaningi Computing basakaza ngokusebenzisa amandla computer eqhelile.

"Ethical" empikiswanweni

Ngokuvamile, esebenzayo "idemoni" wobungane inethiwekhi eminyakeni yamuva. Lokho-ke yilabo abangabhemi 'iyingozi "ngokuya ukuthola amagciwane kanye nokuqukethwe ezingekho emthethweni, uthi cishe zonke izinkampani zabezindaba.

Yilokho izintatheli kuphela ngandlela-thile ngokuhlazisayo buthule, engesiyo esingaphansi 70% we-traffic kusuka ku-akhawunti P2P olandelwayo kubasebenzisi ngokuphelele umthetho izinkampani ngisho lonke ukuthi umane wehlise amaseva zabo, okubandakanya ukushintshanisa kwe-data ilungu amakhompyutha. Isibonelo elula: isikhathi eside "Isivunguvungu Seqhwa", ke Blizzard uzobe kokusebenzisa lawo manethiwekhi iklayenti ibuyekeze "Warcraft" efanayo nezinye imidlalo yabo. Akubuzwa, a nenani Imininingwane ku abadlali ezivela emhlabeni wonke lapho ekhiqizwa!

Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizobe uhlelo lokumelana nokucindezela sibuyekezwe ke ngokombono ukwamukela ukudluliswa kwamafayela njengoba abasebenzisi abavamile, lesi sici udaba abaseduze.

Uhlelo ezivamile

Ngokuqinisekile umsebenzisi ngamunye okungenani wezwa ezinye ngezidingo, okuyinto mediates exchange ifayela. Wonke umuntu uyazi μTorrent futhi eMule, Shareaza, KaZaA nezinye, okuyinto njalo ezishiwo ngokuqondene ukudluliswa kolwazi oluthile ku-intanethi. Nokho, sizama ubatshele ngaphezulu ngaphambilini. Ngakho, liyini inethiwekhi kontanga? Uyini sokuqonda yesayensi lo mqondo?

definition

Singasho ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokumiswa amakhompyutha abantu bedidekile ngokuthi indlela ukuxhumanisa ku uhlelo olulodwa. Kodwa ngokushesha kwatholakala yasungulwa ubuchwepheshe amanethiwekhi wendawo, ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku. Kodwa le ndlela oxhumanisa ama-computer endaweni "umzimba" olulodwa has nezihibe. Ngokwesibonelo, ezimweni eziningi, ezinye imishini amagunya ephakeme, kuvunyelwe yini njalo.

Kuyinto ukubhekana ezinjalo "ukubandlulula" futhi kusungulwe inethiwekhi kontanga, ikhompyutha ngamunye lapho ngeke nje ukuthola kodwa futhi ukuze adlulisele ulwazi, ngesikhathi esebenza njengomshushisi yeseva iklayenti. Okuningi ezivamile isifinyezo P2P (peer-to-peer), isiNgisi angahunyushwa ngokuthi "lwe- peer-to-peer". amanethiwekhi maKristu abizwa yonkana.

izimiso eziyisisekelo ukusebenza

Yilelo nalelo lungu - edilini. Ayavumelana isimiso sembulunga, ngaphakathi kwalo la i ukudluliswa noma yiluphi ulwazi. Kusukela imodeli ejwayelekile, okuyinto has a iseva kanye iklayenti, asinge nokucindezela ifayela-ukwabelana amanethiwekhi zinezikhathi survivability zabo eziphakemeyo: kungakhathaliseki inani ontanga lesebenta ngayo, bona ukugcina isebenze ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho kwencika ezicacile mayelana anoma iseva.

Ake ukunikeza "ezibukwayo" isibonelo ukudluliselwa ifayela elincane inethiwekhi. Idatha idluliselwa nezixhobo amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-phakethe ama-. ifayela ngayinye ihlukaniswe yaba sebuningini amaphakheji ezifana, okuyinto ulandwa kumshini yomsebenzisi. I-oda kokuthola kwabo elikhethekile akunandaba.

Ngokungafani inethiwekhi ejwayelekile

Endabeni inethiwekhi ezivamile has a iseva, futhi ifayela ingalandwa kusukela lapho. Speed idatha ukuthola kuyoba ngokulingana ngqo komkhawulokudonsa kokubili seseva, kanye kusuka umthwalo walo nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Kalula nje, uma unayo inombolo omkhulu wabasebenzisi, ngasinye sazo ke "idonsa" kusukela kuseva, ijubane Ukulayisha ngokuvamile udedele zero.

Uma iseva enza okuthile kwenzeke, khona-ke lonke ulwazi kuzotholakala ngokushesha kuwe. Futhi kufanele ubhekane nenye zokufuna umthombo, okuyindawo sizokwazi ukulanda ulwazi.

Izinzuzo kontanga nokucindezela imodeli ukudluliswa kwedatha

Lapho ephelele ukusebenza wobungane inethiwekhi. Kusho ukuthini? Okokuqala, akudingeki ukucinga iseva ethile okuyinto okuxhunyanwa ifayela edingekayo. Engingakusho nje isayithi ekhethekile ukuthola ifayela noma uzibuthe isixhumanisi, okuyilapho ukuba ukhona. Ungalanda kuyothiwa usebenzisa isimiso esikhethekile, ezinye zazo sishilo ngenhla. Futhi umehluko oyinhloko kuyoba ukuthi thwebula kungathatha indawo kanyekanye ne ngamakhulu nangezinkulungwane emithonjeni efanayo.

kakade Siphawulile ukuthi kulezi amanethiwekhi computer ngamunye zingaba akhiphe ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi umsebenzi iseva, kodwa ngenxa ingxenye ngayinye jikelele. Kalula nje, uma abanye ontanga ngokuzumayo ingatholakali, Ungahlala ukusiza amanye amakhompyutha abantu, nama-hard drive okuyinto surely uzitholele imininingwane edingekayo.

Ezinye nemibi kontanga ukuze imodeli kontanga

Siye wagcizelela kaningi ukuthi endaweni eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi onjena bashintshisane idatha. Okumangazayo ukuthi, kodwa emhlabeni cishe ingekho njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla kithi wobungane inethiwekhi. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Iqiniso lokuthi imodeli classical kunezinzuzo eziningi nje kuphela kodwa futhi ezinye yokuntula ezibucayi.

Isici impikiswano kakhulu isidingo ukuthola inethiwekhi ontanga abanale ifayela efanayo nokuthi kukhona kunethiwekhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Yingakho imodeli hybrid yadalwa. It has a uhlobo amaseva, kodwa akabangeli nje kuphela ukuthumela idatha, njengoba i-search for abasebenzayo ukuthi banolwazi wafuna nguwe. Cishe bonke kontanga yesimanje amanethiwekhi usebenza kuyinto ngokusebenzisa le imodeli hybrid.

Ukuze ube umhlanganyeli kanye esigcwele egcwele olusebenza e isimiso esinjalo, uzodinga ukufaka isofthiwe yakho kukhompyutha iklayenti ekhethekile, okuyinto uzoba nesibopho ekutholeni ontanga khulula ngedatha kunesidingo. Qaphela ukuthi akukho inethiwekhi wobungane. Kusho ukuthini lokhu?

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi ethandwa kakhulu inthanethi ifayela-ukwabelana

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ku-intanethi kunamakhulu nezinkulungwane ezincane, amanethiwekhi zendawo, eziningi zazo kusekelwa ngisho abahlinzeki zesifunda. Isibonelo esihle iyona MTS wobungane inethiwekhi. Yiqiniso, bonke sebenzisa zakudala noma hybrid imodeli imisebenzi, kuncike izimiso ezifanayo, kodwa zingasebenzisa ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele ukuthumela idatha Izivumelwano, futhi kuphela mayelana isofthiwe ethile futhi asikhulumi.

Omkhulu kunayo yonke eyaziwayo emhlabeni, kukhona P2P amanethiwekhi ezilandelayo:

• ED2K. ukudluliswa kwedatha Kwenziwa MFTP olandelwayo. Iklayenti - uhlelo eMule owaziwa. Kakade ngo-2005, lolu hlelo esimweni "ukufa okungamahlalakhona", kodwa uma nje inethiwekhi Sizoqhubeka nokusebenza stably, ngisho noma ijubane ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo akazange amgagule.

• BitTorrent. Mhlawumbe ethandwa kakhulu ingxenye kontanga uhlelo, lapho inombolo enkulu abasebenzisi ngesivinini. It has a inombolo enkulu amaklayenti, okuhlanganisa "amaqhawe» uTorrent, BitComet, akwezinye yabanye.

• Xhuma ngqo. A samuntu ethize, lapho Izikhumulo akhiwa amaqembu abantu athize, usebenzisa kungagcini (kuqhathaniswa) uhla abasebenzisi. Le modeli uthandwa kakhulu njengoba inethiwekhi umhlinzeki wendawo. Iklayenti main - DC ++.

• Gnutella. Nangu yangempela net wobungane uhlelo. Lisebenzisa ekhethekile ukudluliswa kwedatha olandelwayo ukuthi sidalwe Nullsoft, unjiniyela owaziwa (kodwa ufile) "Winamp". Yikuphi kulokhu isebenzisa kontanga iklayenti nokucindezela amanethiwekhi? Uhlelo Akwaziwa Shareaza, LimeWire nabanye.

• FastTrack. Liphinde libhekene 'emsulwa "model of P2P amanethiwekhi, kodwa ifayela-ukwabelana bayakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kuphela labo amakhompyutha abe enguqulweni yawo egcwele. Uhlelo - KaZaA, mlDonkey.

Yiziphi izinzuzo main ezinye zalezi zinsiza? Kulula - akukho ukusetha nokucindezela ukuba asinge inethiwekhi kungadingeki. Beka uhlelo, hamba ilinki ethi "magnetic" futhi ... voila, ifayela waqala ukuzamazama!

Imithetho eyisisekelo lokwabelana

Ikhumbula imininingwane yalezi amanethiwekhi, akumangalisi khona imithetho kunalokho kanzima futhi fast ukuthi ezinjani kakhulu bagcine. Abaningi babo elula nenengqondo. Non-ekugcwalisekeni ubhekana ukuqedwa oluphelele inqubo exchange, okuyinto luhambisana nomthwalo ukungakwazi ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo.

Sithe ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ngesisekelo lesi imodeli isimiso sokulingana bonke abahlanganyeli. Lokho kusho ukuthi udinga ukulanda nje kuphela kodwa futhi ukunikeza ulwazi. Ngomqondo onabile, kuba pheze nemfuneko kuphela. Awuthandi? Khona-ke isevisi yakho - Ziningi zolwazi exchange, eyakhelwe izakhiwo amaklayenti iseva umkhakha ejwayelekile.

Yilokho nje kungekho hlelo nokucindezela ukuba asinge amanethiwekhi (nazo zonke izinto zawo) kuzo kungasebenzi, futhi ulande ifayela ungaqala kuphela ngemva kokuba inkokhelo, noma ukubuka inani elikhulu yokukhangisa, kanye nesivinini ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyoba ezinjengendle.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza exchange?

Kuyinto ofiseleka kakhulu, ukulanda iyiphi ifayela, mnike njengenhlangano umthamo alinganayo ulwazi. Njengomthetho, uma umsebenzisi kuphela okulandwayo, kodwa lutho enikeza, uhlelo Ungaqala "izinhlawulo", ukondla inyumbazane oluphelele kungenzeka ukuthola amafayela amasha. Khiya ingasetshenziswa ngisho ngekheli lasesizindeni se-intanethi noma i-MAC. Ikakhulukazi, la ezahlukene wobungane inethiwekhi "Beeline".

Ngokuvamile, sikucebisa ukusebenzisa okulandelayo, kuba imithetho ngokuphelele okunengqondo futhi engenzeleli:

• Kunoma yikuphi, musa ukususa ifayela, kuqeda thwebula yayo. Uma kukhona kungenzeka, inqobo nje uma ungagcina khona kwi-hard drive yakho.

• Singeke ukuhambisa noma ukuqamba kabusha amafayela, njengoba kulokhu, abanye abasebenzisi futhi ukwazi ukufinyelela kuzo.

• Abalokothi ayithathe kancane ijubane eyayenziwe isiteshi aphumayo. Yiqiniso, ukudluliswa ezinjalo ngezinga elithile, ukulayisha hard disk yakho futhi uhlelo ngokwayo, kodwa akufanele kube namahloni ngakho kude nezidingo zabanye abantu.

• Akukona ubuhlungu ukugcina nedlanzana nezinye ifayela kukhompyutha ethandwa, ukuze silondoloze ohlelweni.

Abaphathi be-copyright: singazi batusa ukusabalalisa isofthiwe pirated noma into efana naleyo. Ungahlala kuphela wamukelekile, uma umsebenzisi ehilelekile umzimba kukaMoya okufanayo "Linux", njengoba offloads amaseva izinkampani ukuthi kakade ngokuvamile abahlala kwamanye iminikelo futhi usebenze kuphela njalo yokuzithandela!

mayelana ne-copyright

Sesiphawulile ukuthi inethiwekhi kontanga eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwahlotshaniswa kuphela ukudunwa. Futhi ngokuvamile lesi simo sengqondo ngempela elungisisiwe kusukela kubasebenzisi ukulanda bakamalalahlengezela kahle ... Nazi iningi okuqukethwe pirated uthatha ezanele ngokuphelele futhi free. Kukhumbule njalo lokhu!