Kuyini World Wide Web

Mayelana kwalokho, uyini global inethiwekhi Inthanethi, wathi eziningi. Lokhu akusona isimanga, unikezwa iqiniso lokuthi okwamanje lenqwaba zobuchwepheshe ukunikeza ikhono ukuxhuma kuyo. Akukona computer kuphela, kodwa futhi ATM, "smart ekhaya" izinhlelo, amadivaysi zokuxhumana ngisho namathelevishini. Ngokujwayelekile, kubonakala kuletha lonke uhlu ngokuyisisekelo engenakwenzeka. Eqinisweni, uma amanethiwekhi yocingo zikuvumela ukuba uxoxe nabantu, jikelele ikhompyutha inethiwekhi -Internet ikwenza kube kungenzeka ukuthi abelane ngolwazi ngekhompyutha amadivaysi.

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwenethiwekhi yasendaweni ehlanganisa amakhompuyutha ku ndawo incane uma kuqhathaniswa no-inthanethi, esehlanganise umhlaba wonke.

Umlando ukuvela-Inthanethi sihlehlela emuva nesishiyagalolunye ngonyaka amahlanu nesikhombisa, lapho US Department of Defence, zakhonza inkinga ngenxa yempi Isitha kungenzeka, ahlinzekwa amanyuvesi amane ehamba phambili kuleli zwe ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi ukushintshisana idatha digital phakathi kwekhompyutha amadivayisi ayi- elekhthroniki. Umphumela womsebenzi wabo kwaba ARPANET ezavela Septhemba 1969 kanye ahlobene idatha Amanyuvesi.

ngosuku lwamashumi amabili lesificamunwemunye Okthoba ngawo lowo nyaka phakathi amasayithi e-California Stanford (amakhilomitha ayisithupha namashumi amane), umzamo wokuqala ukuba zokuxhumana computer lwenziwe. Ngezinye 22:30 ke ezazakhiwe oqine ubuhlobo, futhi lokhu ubhekwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa we-Inthanethi (nakuba, eqinisweni, kwaba kusese ARPANET).

Khona-ke eqala ukuvela futhi ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo e-mail exchange. Khona-ke kukhona okokuqala welithi "mail ngqo". Nakuba ARPANET futhi kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhumusha omkhulu kunayo parallel elalikhona inethiwekhi yekhompyutha, omsebenzi wakhe kwenziwa ngesisekelo nezinye hardware ne-software izixazululo. Kuyacaca ukuthi indinganiso ezithile, esizokwenza ukuba nihlanganyele. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-January 1983 ARPANET esitshalweni-TCP / IP protocol (esikhundleni NCP). Kukholakala ukuthi kusukela lapha kuqhubeke kunethiwekhi yomhlaba ka-Inthanethi liqala ukuzungeza kwayo okunqobayo emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngo-1984-ke yethulwa i-Domain Name System (DNS), kusetshenziswa kulesi sikhathi samanje. Ngawo lowo nyaka kukhona enye inethiwekhi enkulu - NSFNet (American Science Foundation). engavamile yayo wukuthi kwakugcwele amanethiwekhi eziningana ezincane, ngakho zivumelanise nezimo ngaphezulu isikali kuka ARPANET. Ngakho, ngonyaka owodwa nje inani imishini exhunyiwe kudlulwe 10,000, ngaleso sikhathi impela eningi. Ngemva kwalokho, igama elithi "World Wide Web" lalisetshenziselwa nje NSFNet.

kukhona real-time olandelwayo IRC, ukuhlinzeka kungenzeka ukuhlela izingxoxo ngo-1988.

Ngemva konyaka kwavela i-HTML ulimi kanye olandelwayo ezifanele, kwaba ukuqala kokudaliweyo World Wide Web.

Ngo-1990, i-ARPANET limukile, ekugcineni ukulahlekelwa NSFNet. Nge nesishiyagalolunye ayisishiyagalolunye onyakeni wokuqala, yonke idatha ye-World Wide Web baba atholakala kwi-intanethi. Futhi ngemva kokudalwa kuka isiphequluli KaMose ngo-1993, inethiwekhi Inthanethi liba kuba zithandwa kakhulu futhi zitholakala ethengekayo unyaka ngamunye.

Izimiso jikelele nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe okulandelayo: umhlinzeki ezithile inkampani inikeza ekupheleni abasebenzisi (amakhompyutha) ukufinyelela kulwazi. Zonke amakhompyutha axhunyiwe kumaseva wenkampani, bese - ekhelini eceliwe WAN. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhelini ngokwako kungase kube ngqo ihabhu iseva (lapho ingcebo etholakala) nekhompyutha uya khona. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona amagatsha uhlelo olufana imithambo yegazi noma ubuchopho namangqamuzana ezinzwa ukuxhumana.

Manje ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Internet senzelwe ukwandisa amandla isiteshi, ukwethulwa kwe-inguqulo elandelayo olandelwayo IP kanye nokwenza kahle izimiso umsebenzi ekhona.