Umlando Leposi: kusukela kathathu ukuba e-mail. iposi Pigeon. Ngifaka. mail kwezidingo

njalo Abantu badinga ukuthi abelane ngolwazi. Yingakho umlando leposi wayeseke waphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe zibhalwe futhi izincwadi ajwayelekile umuntu wanamuhla. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngoba ukudluliselwa izindaba izwi esetshenziswa. Le ndlela wahlala kwezinye izindawo kuze kube Ephakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Inca Empire eminyaka amaningi, kwakukhona abagijimi-criers abasakaza izindaba yenhloko-dolobha, ehambahamba izwe ngokusebenzisa Imigwaqo branched entabeni. Kamuva, ayesebenzisa incwadi ifindo, lapho esiphathiswa Imininingwane babe izintambo nentambo.

Kwatholakala izibhebhe zemibhalo yesandla

Uhlelo lokuqala ukubhala ngomqondo zasendulo izwi - i-cuneiform. Nge ukubukeka kwayo kungathi izinkulungwane 3 iminyaka BC. e. umlando leposi uthuthele ezingeni elisha. Cuneiform ukusabalala kwabantu lasendulo kweMilambo; Sumerians, Akkadians, abaseBhabhiloni, namaHeti.

TaPawula ukuboniswa induku lokhuni ezibhebheni zobumba, ngenkathi ubumba agcinwayo umsungulo yayo. Ngenxa yavuka ethize isici nhlonhlo ithuluzi shtrishki. Kukhona izimvilophu izincwadi ezifana ezenziwe ngobumba. Ukuze ufunde umyalezo, umamukeli kwadingeka uyeke "iphakheji."

Umlando lasendulo yemeyili isikhathi eside azizange engaziwa. umnikelo Omkhulu ekutadisheni lenzé kuvulwa umtapo of the last inkosi enkulu yase-Asiriya-Ashurbanipal, owayebusa VII. BC. e. On imiyalo yakhe, kubhekhaphu lenziwa amaphilisi 25,000 nobumba. Phakathi cuneiform babenjengomuntu kwemibhalo eyehlukene kahulumeni kanye imeyili ejwayelekile. Umtapo wavulwa ekhulwini XIX. Ngenxa ukutholakala esiyingqayizivele esasichitha sokuqonda usithe phambi abahumushi cuneiform.

Amagobolondo nemidwebo

Huron Indian isizwe ziphathwe ubuhlalu Amagobolondo. Basuke ahlukaniswe kuchungechunge, ngakho got wonke incwadi. ipuleti ngamunye wayenethuba umbala ethile. Black kwakungasho ukufa, obomvu - impi, ophuzi - .. Tribute, njll Ikhono ufunde le amabhande anemibala kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ilungelo nokuhlakanipha.

umlando leposi senzeka kanye "Illustrated" esiteji. Ngaphambi kokubhala incwadi, abantu baye bafunda ukudweba. Rock Umdwebo we izibonelo zasendulo, namuhla etholakala emigedeni kude, kubuye kube uhlobo mail, omasha endaweni yesimanje izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. amaphethini Ulimi kanye Tattoos Namanje ezigcinwe izizwe angawodwa zasePolynesia.

Ukuvela Kwezinhlamvu Zamagama imeyli kolwandle

uhlelo laso eliyingqayizivele yokuloba labiwa nabaseGibhithe lasendulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baye akhiwa okuthunyelwe ijuba. Ukuze udlulisele amaGibhithe ayesebenzisa Imininingwane yokubhala. Kakhulu kangakanani yokuthi lesi sizwe wadala sibonelo lokuqala lwezinhlamvu zamagama eyaziwayo. Phakathi kwamagama amaningi, izibalo base izinhlamvu, ukudlulisa umsindo (kwakukhona 24).

Esikhathini esizayo, isimiso ukubethela athuthukile ezinye izizwe aseMpumalanga lasendulo. Izinhlamvu zokuqala efanele kubhekwe zamagama ezavela edolobheni yase-Ugarit ensimini ka eSiriya lanamuhla emhlabeni ekhulwini xv. BC. e. Khona-ke, inqubo efana sandile kwamanye wezilimi.

zamagama kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe kusukela abaseFenike. Lokhu abantu yomthengisi yaziwa ngokuthanda bemikhumbi abangongoti. Amatilosi ukhulula imeyili amakoloni eziningi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene iMedithera. Ngesisekelo zamagama waseFenike owasungula amagama isi-Aramu nesiGreki, kuyiphi zivela cishe kuzo zonke yesimanje zokubhala.

angarum

Angarum - ngeposi Persian lasendulo, niqinisiwe Empire Achaemenid ku VI. BC. e. Yaqala nenkosi yalo uKoresi II Elikhulu. Ngaphambi kwalokho ukulethwa imeyili kusukela komunye umkhawulo isimo kwesinye kungathatha izinyanga, okungadingi zivumelane iziphathimandla.

Ngo izinsuku zikaKoresi uvele hangars (okubizwa ngokuthi ihhashi amakhuriya). idili Thumela wangaleyo nkathi wanika abaqala lokuqala imeyli bokulwa, ekhona namuhla. Omude kunayo yonke owake angarum umgwaqo wasukela eShushani ukuba laseSardesi, futhi ubude bawo ingamakhilomitha angu-2,500. umzila Huge lahlukaniswa laba iziteshi eziningi lapho amahhashi kwashintshwa futhi ngezithunywa. With simiso kahle yamakhosi asePheresiya komzamo uthumele oda ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu yakhe ezifundazweni ezikude kakhulu wonke umbuso omkhulu.

Lapho owalandela uKoresi II sika nangokuthi uDariyu I Kings Highway, okuyinto ebeka izinga yayiphezulu ukuze isibonelo inhlangano yayo (futhi ngokuvamile angarum) esimweni zakala Aleksandr Makedonsky, bamaRoma, ngisho uCharles I, owabusa medieval Frankish Empire ekhulwini IX lakhiwa.

I zangenkathi yamaGreki namaRoma

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, izinhlamvu Roman nomlando leposi sifana WasePheresiya. Ngo-republic, futhi kamuva ngaphansi koMbuso yayikhona zomphakathi kuqondane and isistimu yomlayezo oyimfihlo. Lesi sakamuva yayisekelwe umsebenzi izithunywa eziningi, abehora (noma kusetshenziswe njengezigqila) patricians ocebile.

Yawo yokuvelela uMbuso WaseRoma embozwe insimu enkulu ezingxenyeni ezintathu zomhlaba. Nge kunethiwekhi eyodwa kwemigwaqo branched kakade AD I ekhulwini, kwase kuphephile ukuthumela incwadi evela Syria eSpain noma Kusukela Ekukhululweni EGibhithe Kuya eGaul. esiteshini esincane, lapho ngineminyaka engu-ihhashi, ziye ahlelwe at ibanga amakhilomitha ambalwa. Amaphakheji uthuthwa sezithunywa zeposi ezigibela amahhashi, esetshenziselwa imithwalo ezinqoleni.

Okusheshayo kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo okuthunyelwe isimo yayitholakala kuphela ukuxhumana ezisemthethweni. Kamuva baqala ukuba ikhishwe imvume ekhethekile ukusetshenziswa kohlelo ukuhamba izikhulu nabapristi yobuKristu. State ophethe okuthunyelwe eduze uMbusi nenduna Bombusi, futhi kusukela IV ekhulwini - Master officiorum.

ephakathi eYurophu

Ngemva kokuwa koMbuso waseRoma imeyili simiso esidala ngiyaquleka. Posts steel zilethwe nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kuvikelwe komngcele, ukungabi khona kwemigwaqo kanye nokunganakwa, ubugebengu kanye ukunyamalala yesiphathimandla olulodwa emaphakathi. umyalezo Mail isibe sibi ngisho ne ukuvela feudalism. abaninimhlaba elikhulu ngokuvamile imali enkulu ukuhamba insimu yayo, okuyinto luyindida kakhulu ukusebenza ngezithunywa.

Okuwukuphela ngisho inhlangano kancane eyodwa eYurophu ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, isonto wahlala. Izigodlo, imitapo, abamasonto kanye nezokuphatha kudingeka endaweni exchange njalo kolwazi kakhulu enkulukazi Europe wahlukana kwezombusazwe. Ngoba inhlangano imeyili baqala ukuyisa oda ezingokomoya lonke. Ngokuvamile, izincwadi ezibalulekile Old Umhlaba uthuthwa izindela nokuzula nabapristi, ogama isivatho nesimo esingokomoya zazivame izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukuvikelwa enkingeni nabantu ongabazi.

izithunywa ayo ezinkampani wavela amanyuvesi, okuyinto edonsela abafundi kusuka ezihlukahlukene emaphethelweni. Ikakhulukazi amakhuriya abadumile izikole laseNaples, Bologna, Toulouse naseParis. Bona ukuxhumana phakathi abafundi nemikhaya yabo.

Iningi abadinga abathengisi okuthunyelwe kanye netingcweti temsebenti. Ngaphandle imiyalezo ebhaliwe nabalingani babo, babengeke bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhweba nokumaketha. Ngamunye corporations yomthengisi imeyli Yasungulwa cishe zezentengiselwano nezinye izinhlangano osomabhizinisi. Izinga njalo kwesimiso esinjalo sidaliwe e Venice, republic kabani ukuhweba oxhumana ezihambisana medieval esuka eYurophu nje kuphela kodwa futhi abasuka emazweni akude ngakolunye uhlangothi iMedithera.

E-Italy neJalimane, lapho isikhungo emadolobheni khulula kwakhiwa, ladluliselwa imeyili ngempumelelo ezisemadolobheni. siqu abagijimi yabo abanolwazi babe ku Mainz, Cologne, Nordgauzena, Breslau, Augsburg kanye nokunye. D. Basuke akhulula njengoba izincwadi zokuphatha, kanye ukuthumela izakhamizi abavamile ukukhokhela amasevisi emisiwe ezithile.

Coachmen futhi kathathu

Ngenxa "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" Aleksandra Pushkina esemncane zonke wayizwa inkulumo ethi: "Uya ngohlamvu isithunywa." imeyili Domestic ludabuka ezindaweni inkathi Kievan Rus. Isidingo uhlelo exchange of ukuxhumana bekulokhu olufanele ukuze izwe lethu ngenxa nezindawo zalo enkulukazi. Kakhulu-Western Europeans futhi kubonakala ibanga amabanga wezithunywa Russian futhi ekwenzekeni kwento engenakwenzeka abafokazi.

Ngezikhathi Ivana Groznogo amakhuriya le Tsar sika kwadingeka adlule ngosuku eziyikhulu amakhilomitha, okwakunzima ukuchaza kwababukele angaphandle. Ngo XIII - XVIII eminyaka. Iziteshi leposi eRussia nabizelwa imigodi. Baqhubeka amahhashi futhi wasebenza yezihambi.

Kwazanywa okuthiwa inkonzo coachman. Zahlakazeka zahlala nabantu bakuleli ezifundazweni okusalungiswa. Abalimi ukukhonza imisebenzi yabo ngokunganaki, saba ukuhlela ukuthuthwa izikhulu zikahulumeni, osomaqhinga kanye wezimpahla. Lolusiko yahlakazeka Tatar-amaMongol ngesikhathi ijoka lawo ku principalities Eastern Slavic. Ekhulwini XVI Yamskoy oda uvele isimo Russian. Lokhu Analogue of Ministry eyingoduso mail nje kuphela kodwa futhi by izindaba zentela. A umushwana: "Uya nge isithunywa incwadi" Akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela yinkimbinkimbi ibhizinisi express eRussia ephakathi.

iminyaka cishe abangamakhulu amabili edlule, kwakunoFakazi raznoallyurnye abadumile ugibele amahhashi amathathu. Bakhandwa ofakelwe ngqo travel olude. Ezinhlangothini ukuxhuma ihhashi gallop, futhi central kushaft-ihhashi kokugijima wathutha. Ngenxa yalesi ukucushwa ifinyelela umkhawulo ijubane isikhathi 45-50 amakhilomitha ngehora.

Kusukela abaqeqeshi ukuze nojantshi kanye wemikhumbi

izinhlelo eyodwa Royal Mail uvele England, Sweden, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile e XVI-XVII eminyaka. Kanye isidingo esikhulayo i ILD kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-Ephakathi kanye Ezikhathini Zanamuhla eNgilandi ukusakaza stagecoaches. Lokhu Umqeqeshi kancane kancane ngelinye elula ihhashi ngezithunywa. Ekugcineni, wafumana emhlabeni futhi uvele zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, e-Australia saya Melika. Ngemva kokufika imeyli ukuthutha e umuzi noma umuzana, kubika nge uphondo ekhethekile.

Enye ingqopha-mlando ukuthuthukiswa zokuxhumana ezenzeka esikhathini ekuqaleni XIX leminyaka leholele kwezitimela kanye nezinkampani lokuthumela. A hlobo olusha ezokuthutha amanzi kahle elisungulwe inhlangano British-Indian-imeyli. Ngokucacile lula okuhambela emazweni asempumalanga eBritish exhasiwe ukwakhiwa Suez Canal eGibhithe, lapho imikhumbi ayikwazanga zungeza Afrika.

amabhokisi emeyili

Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana lapho kwavela ibhokisi leposi kuqala. On omunye wabo kubhekwe njengento Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi ezinjalo, misa Florence ngasekuqaleni XVI leminyaka. Bakhandwa ibekwe eduze namasonto - izindawo eziyinhloko somuzi. ibhokisi lokhuni ne umqhewu phezulu lwakhiwe ukudlulisa izahlulelo ezinamandla engaziwa, lapho kubikwe amacala ayebekwe isimo.

Khona futhi ekhulwini XVI, kule mikhuba babe amatilosi. In ngamunye amakoloni British kanye Dutch kwadingeka ibhokisi leposi zabo. Ngosizo enjalo ubuchwepheshe wabahloli lidlule ukuxhumana nezinye imikhumbi.

umsunguli French sebhokisi leposi kubhekwa Renoir de Vilayat. Nguye axazulula inkinga izincwadi phakathi abantu baseParis. Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVII enhloko-dolobha French kwakukhona eposini ezine, kodwa wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela ukugeleza omkhulu izincwadi zabahlali abavamile. Renoir de Vilayat wayeyilungu uHulumeni National Academy of Sciences. Ngokuxhuma ukukhalipha ayo nezisetshenziswa zokuphatha (isinqumo ngesikhathi seNkosi uLouis XIV), e 1653 waqala ukufakwa ebhokisini leposi wonke eParis, kuba lula kakhulu service leposi. I eseyintsha wabanjwa ngokushesha enhloko-dolobha futhi lasakazekela nakwamanye amadolobha.

Umlando Russian-imeyli kwakusobala kangangokuthi amabhokisi emeyili bendawo bavele kuphela 1848. Eyokuqala izimangaliso ezinjalo elisungulwe eMoscow Petersburg. Ekuqaleni, umklamo zazenziwe ngokhuni, babe indawo zensimbi. Ukuze izimpahla esiphuthumayo esetshenziswa amabhokisi emeyili, ngesineke orange umbala.

izitembu

Isikhathi samanje e-New international uhlelo leposi kwadingeka amaphutha amaningi. Ukhiye phakathi kwabo lokuthi inkokhiso amaphasela ukuthumela lahlala ifindo naphezu kwanoma iyiphi ezintsha nasezintweni ezixubile lobuchwepheshe. Ngokokuqala ngqá kule inkinga ixazululiwe e-UK. Ngo-1840 kwabonakala ngaphambi brand manje owaziwa - "penny omnyama". ikhishwe kwakuhambisana nezinga ukwethulwa yamanani ngokuthumela ama-imeyili.

Omula kuqala dalo we sha baba Rowland Hill sezombusazwe. Isibalo u eziqoshwe iphrofayli brand a young eNdlovukazini uVictoria. Ukuqamba wanamathela futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zonke imvilophi uhlamvu kwaba ifakwe ilebula ekhethekile. Izitika uvele kwamanye amazwe. I kabusha kuye kwaholela nokwanda okuphawulekayo inani izimpahla leposi e-UK izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili nje onyakeni wokuqala i ukuguqulwa epochal.

ERussia, sha wabonakala ngo-1857. Uphawu lokuqala zokuposa zenani 10 amasenti. Ukhozi isitembu esinamakhanda ufanekiselwa. Ukuze kwegazi wakhetha lolu phawu heraldic, ngoba yilona uwuphawu uMnyango leposi ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Le nhlangano wazama ukuhambisana Amathrendi Western. Imeyili USSR azinake kakhulu brand. Soviet Shipping izimpawu Inkokhelo wabonakala ngo-1923.

ngifaka

ngifaka ajwayelekile sekukhona esanda kutholakala. Ikhadi lokuqala lolu hlobo wabonakala ngo-1869 e-Austria-Hungary. Maduzane, le format unqobile ukuthandwa Europe-wide. Kwathi ngesikhathi Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871., Lapho amasosha French waqala bakamalalahlengezela ukuthumela izihlobo zabo kuboniswe ngifaka.

imfashini oluzoQapha ngokushesha ingavimbelwa bathengisi. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ngifaka phathelana mass ekhiqizwa eNgilandi, Denmark, Belgium kanye Netherlands. ikhadi lokuqala waseRussia yakhishwa ngo-1872. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyisithupha ngaleso ingqungquthela eyisipesheli ka ngamazwe osayizi ikhadi ejwayelekile kwavunyelwana Paris (9 amasentimitha eside, 14 bubanti). Kamuva yaphinde sashintsha kaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakukhona zenyathi ngifaka: ukubingelela, zinhlobo, imifanekiso, ubuciko, ukukhangisa, zezombangazwe, njll ...

izitayela ezintsha

Ngo-1820, wasungula imvilophu e-UK. Ngemva eminye iminyaka engu-30, kwakunabamemezeli abangu isitembu amaphasela. Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX, uhlamvu akwazi ukuyohlanganyela emhlabeni izinsuku 80-85. Ukuhamba yashesha lapho sesitimela Trans-Siberian wavulwa e-Russia.

XIX leminyaka kwaphawulwa ukubukeka ebisolwa lo yocingo, ucingo kanye nomsakazo. Ukuvela ubuchwepheshe obusha akusho inciphe ukubaluleka eyayimelela ngokuba ke imeyli zabantu. Telegraph futhi enza banikeza usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa nentuthuko (kuyo yonke iminyango yezwe kancane kuhlanganiswe ababenomthwalo wemfanelo kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili uxhumano).

Ngo 1874, i-Universal leposi Union noMbusi Wendawo leposi Congress obize yadalwa. Inhloso yomcimbi yayithi basayine isivumelwano samazwe, okwakuyoholela ubunye disparate ukuxhumana ukudluliswa izinhlelo emhlabeni wonke. Ngesikhathi Congress ubuhanjelwe abameleli 22 uthi. Bona wasayina Universal leposi inkontileka olulodwa, ngokushesha uqambe Universal leposi Convention. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we wafingqa imithetho ngamazwe kusukwe exchange. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umlando eposi laseRussia liyaqhubeka kuhambisana kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke isevisi yeposi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza kwaqala. Ukunqoba emoyeni ngumuntu kuye kwaholela ekushabalaleni kwanoma yiziphi izithiyo zomzimba ezithunyelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, imiphakathi yasendulo yayine-airmail yayo - i-pigeon mail. Izinyoni zazisetshenziswa abantu ukuxhumana, ngisho nasendleleni yokuqhubeka. Amajuba okubaluleka kakhulu ayenzeka phakathi nezingxabano zamanzi. I-imeyili enezinyosi yayisetshenziselwa njalo emaphethelweni eMpini Yezwe Lokuqala Neyesibili.

I-imeyili

Inkathi yanamuhla inezincazelo eziningi. Bayibiza ngokuthi ulwazi. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela. Namuhla, ulwazi luyimithombo eyinhloko eqhuba inqubekela phambili. I-revolution exhunywe nayo yenziwa ngenxa yokubonakala kwe-intanethi kanye nezindlela zanamuhla zokuxhumana.

Namuhla i-mail yamaphepha, ejwayele izizukulwane eziningi zabantu, kancane kancane ishiya indawo yayo ye-elekthronikhi. Ibhokisi lensimbi lezimvilophu lafakwa esikhundleni se-e-mail, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu futhi kwasusa umqondo webanga. Uma eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule i-Intanethi ibonakala njengento yokuzijabulisa, manje ngaphandle kwayo kunzima ukucabanga impilo yomuntu wanamuhla. I-imeyli efinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu iye yaba neminyaka eyikhulu leminyaka yokuziphendulela kwemeyili nazo zonke izinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokujula.