Umlando kokudaliweyo "Dead Imiphefumulo" N. V Gogolya

Kungashiwo ukuthi inkondlo "Imiphefumulo Dead" kwaba kuyindaba yokuphila N. V Gogolya. Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu yomlando wakhe kwezincwadi iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa wanika umsebenzi kule ngxenye.

Umlando kokudaliweyo "Imiphefumulo Dead" kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa igama Pushkin. Esikhathini "Ukuvuma izono lombhali" Gogol wakhumbula ukuthi u-Alexander unxuse ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuba ubhale enkulu, imisebenzi emikhulu. Esiwujuqu kwaba indaba icala imbongi sika, wayezwile e Chisinau ngesikhathi sokuthunjelwa kwakhe. Ngaso sonke isikhathi amkhumbule, kodwa watshela UNikolai Vasilyevich emashumini eyodwa nengxenye kuphela ngemva kwalesi senzakalo. Ngakho, umlando "Imiphefumulo Dead" kusekelwe ukuzidela sangempela i owenza, abathenge serfs okwase kukudala bafa, we kulendawo ukuze bayibeke, njengokungathi niphila weBhodi Labaphathiswa loan eside.

Eqinisweni, ekuphileni kwangempela, i kokusungulwa main uhlamvu Chichikov inkondlo ingekho kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Ngaleyo minyaka, lolu hlobo kukhwabanisa kwenzeka ngisho enwetshiwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi Mirgorod wesifunda wayekade icala ngokuthenga kwe abafileyo. Enye into icacile: umlando ukudalwa "Imiphefumulo Dead" ongakaphathelani omunye umcimbi enjalo, kodwa eziningana, lapho umbhali ngobuciko ngokufingqiwe.

Gamble Tchitchikov icebo ingumkhiqizo core. Imininingwane kancane wakhe babheke eyiqiniso, njengoba ethathwe ekuphileni kwangempela. The kungenzeka kulingwa onjalo kwakuyiNkosi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, abalimi babekholelwa kuleli zwe, abantu ngothi lwabo, futhi nasendlini ngendlu. Kwaba kuphela 1718 isimemezelo sikhishelwe ukuqhuba umumo wenhlangano i-poll, ngenxa okuyinto intela baba ekhokhwayo kuwo wonke serfs owesilisa, kusukela izingane. Inombolo yabo recalculated zonke iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Uma wafa abanye abalimi, wabaleka, noma iviyo, lo mnikazi wezwe kwadingeka bakhokhele intela yabo kuze yokubala abantu olandelayo noma ukwabelana ngazo phakathi abasebenzi asele. Ngokwemvelo, noma yimuphi umnikazi efuna ukuqeda le lokho okuthiwa imiphefumulo efile futhi wambamba kalula enetheni i owenza.

Lawa kwakungamadodana izimfanelo yangempela zokubhala umsebenzi.

Umlando nkondlo "Imiphefumulo Dead" ephepheni kuqala ngo-1835. Gogol waqala ukusebenza phezu kwalo kancane ekuqaleni kuka phezu "Umhloli". Kodwa okokuqala wayengatholi eyenziwa kakhulu ngoba, njengoba beye ebhaliwe izahluko ezintathu, wabuyela comedy. Kwaba ngemva kokuphothula, futhi sengibuyile phesheya uNikolai wathatha "Imiphefumulo Dead" sina.

Nge zonke izinyathelo, futhi yonke imisebenzi emisha izwi elalotshwa kwakubonakala kuye wonke elikhulu futhi ezinkudlwana. Gogol futhi okushintsha Esahlukweni sokuqala, futhi ezikhathini eziningi ilibhala kabusha Amakhasi ngomumo. Eminyakeni emithathu eRoma, kuholela empilweni 'idla yodwa, ukukhokhela kuphela ukwelashwa baseJalimane ukuphumula kancane e-Paris noma Geneva. Ngo-1839 Gogol waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye Italy eside izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi ndawonye nalo futhi ukusebenza enkondlweni. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe eRoma waqhubeka ukusebenza kuso unyaka kuqedwe. Umlobi kuphela ugaye kwengoma. Gogol "Imiphefumulo Dead" wathatha eRussia 1841 ngenhloso ukuphrinta nabo lapho.

E-Moscow, umphumela wakhe zabasebenzi eneminyaka eyisithupha wathatha ekomidini ukucwaninga, elimalungu alo yabonisa ubutha kuye. Khona-ke Gogol wayisa umbhalo wesandla, baphendukela Belinsky, nje izivakashi e Moscow, sicela ukuthatha umkhiqizo nabo ukuze Petersburg ukuba amsize athole ngokusebenzisa ukucwaninga. Nomcwaningi bavumelana ukusiza.

Imingcele Petersburg kwaba lokuyekethisa, futhi ngemva ukubambezeleka eside, kodwa bavunyelwe incwadi ukuphrinta. Siqala ne kwezinye izimo: ukuchibiyela isihloko senkondlo, in "The Tale of uCaptain Kopeikin" nomunye izindawo amathathu nesithupha wesihlahla.

umsebenzi ezicindezelayo ekugcineni yanyatheliswa ngo entwasahlobo 1842. Unjalo-ke umlando emfushane "Imiphefumulo Dead".