UMichael Moore - umculi wefilimu ohlaselayo owedlula zonke esikhathini sethu

UMichael Moore uyisishoshovu sezombusazwe, umlobi wezindaba, umbhali, umculi we-satirist ngokuzikhandla kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho, umculi wefilimu waseMelika owenza amafilimu angu-11 ahluke emandleni abo okugxeka indlela yokuphila yaseMelika kanye nenqubomgomo yangaphandle yase-US.

Amaqiniso kusuka ku-biography

UMichael Moore wazalwa edolobheni laseMelika laseMichigan okuthiwa uFlint ngo-Ephreli 23, 1954. Waqala imfundo kwelinye lamayunivesithi wendawo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ekwakheni umsebenzi njengomlobi wezindaba. Emva kwesikhathi esithile wakwazi ukuhlela ukukhululwa kwe-"Flint Voice" yamasonto onke ezimele, lapho ebhalwe khona njengomhleli oyinhloko kusukela ngo-1976 kuya ku-1986. Kodwa i-movie ayizange ihlukumeze okoqobo, ngakho-ke ukuze idubule ifilimu yakhe yokuqala, uMichael Moore wakha kabusha indlu yakhe eqenjini lebhingo.

Debut

I-tape yokuqala yombhalo "uRoger nami" (1989) ihlanganisa izenzakalo zenhlekelele yendawo yenhlalakahle eyenzeka kuFlint emva kokuvalwa kwezinsizakalo zendawo zenkampani "General Motors". Ngesikhali sakhe sethonya, umqondisi uMichael Moore wakhetha ukuxolisa okubukhali. Futhi esebenzisa ukuhlela kwangempela, ufeze impumelelo yamahlaya oyifunayo. Ukuqalwa kokuhlelwa kokuhlelwa kwakungenxa yokuthi amafomu omlando wezincwadi ahambisana nokufaka okuvela ezigcawini zokukhangisa kwethelevishini neziqephu zokudweba okwesikhashana. Amarisidi ehhovisi lebhokisi elikhulu elitholakale ngemuva kokukhishwa kweprojekthi ekuqashweni kwenza abagxeka bangayinaki kuphela umqondisi-umqashi, kodwa futhi nohlobo lwezincwadi zomphakathi ezibukhali.

"Bowling for Columbine"

Emisebenzini eqhubekayo, eyayiyinkinga yezingxabano zezombangazwe nezenhlalakahle, umqondisi wamangalela ngombono wezombangazwe waseMelika futhi, ngokujwayelekile, uhlelo lwe-capitalist, izinqubo zokubambisana kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinkampani ikakhulukazi, kanye neolioliberalism. Umqondisi wephrojekthi evulekile kakhulu, ngokusho kwabagxeki, kubhekwa njengefilimu ethi "Bowling for Columbine", eyinqobe "Oscar" esigabeni esithi "Idokhumenti ehamba phambili." Inkinga enkulu uMichael Moore egcizelela kulo mfilimu udlame oluhlomile e-United States. Ukuphikisana mayelana nobuhlobo obuqondile phakathi kokwesaba nobudlova, umbhali ubuza ukuthi kungani eMelika ukufa kwabantu okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile kwezibhamu kunkulu kunezinye. Isisusa sokudalwa kwale tape kwakuyizehlakalo ezimbi ezenzeka eColumbine School eColorado ngo-Ephreli 20, 1999. Kuthiwa abafundi ababili esikoleni esiphakeme u-Eric Harris noDylan Klibold, abahlomile, bahlela ukubulala abantu esikoleni, ngenxa yokudubula abahlelile, abafundi nabafundisi balesi sikoleni balimala kwathi abantu abangu-37 balimala, kwathi abangu-13 babulawa ngesikhathi belimala. Ngemuva kokushona, izingane zazibulala zazidubula zona. Lezi zenzakalo ezimbi futhi ezigqamile emsebenzini wakhe, uMichael Moore. Amafilimu "Zdravozarozhenie" (2007), "I-Riot of the Lackers" (2008), "Ubukhulu be-Capitalism: Indaba Yothando" (2009) kuphela kwaqinisa inkazimulo ye-documentalist ehlambalazayo, ethinta izihloko zezenhlalo nezomnotho nezinkinga ezijabulisayo.

Fahrenheit 9/11

Kodwa ngaphambi kwale midwebo, uMichael Moore wathola ngo-2004 eMnyangweni we- Cannes "Golden Palm Branch" yephrojekthi "Fahrenheit 9/11", futhi kamuva ngemuva kweminyaka engu-22 eminye imiklomelo yokubukwa kwefilimu edumile. Kulo msebenzi, umqondisi watshela umphakathi mayelana nezenzakalo zikaSeptemba 11, 2001 kanye nemvelaphi yobuphekula. Leli phephandle-yezombusazwe-uphenyo lwalubekwe njengembonakaliso yenqubomgomo kaMongameli uGeorge W. Bush. Lo mlando uqukethe amanye amaqiniso kanye nezizindlo mayelana nendlela umculi we-oilman waseTexas owayengumdayisi okwazi ngayo ukufika ezinhlanganweni zamandla aphezulu ngokungathembeki nokuthi usebentise kanjani amandla amandla akhe kuphela. Le filimu yabangela injabulo yangempela e-United States nasemhlabeni, uMichael kuphela owayengathatha izinambuzane zezopolitiki. "I-Fahrenheit 9/11" ingaphansi kwemisebenzi yangaphambilini kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwezobuciko, kodwa kuyisibonelo sokuhlakanipha kombhali nokuziphendulela kokudala.

Imiklomelo emibili yomkhosi wefilimu othi "Umlando Wothando"

Ekugcineni iphrojekthi yakhe "Capitalism: Love Story" (2009), Moore wahamba ngaphambi kokudala isikhathi sokudala, okwahlala iminyaka eyisithupha. Kulo, umbhali waqala ukutadisha nokuhlaziya izimbangela zenkinga yomhlaba wonke. Isithombe sizokhuluma mayelana nokuphathwa kwemali yabakhokhi bentela baseMelika, kuvezwe amaqiniso, ukuveza amabhange ahlukene, izinkampani, izombusazwe kanye nabaphathi abaphezulu, abaye babamba ukuphanga okukhulu kunazo zonke futhi abazange bajeziswe. Ngenzalo yakhe umqondisi wanikezwa imiklomelo emibili eWenice Film Festival. Khona-ke uMichael Moore, omamafilimu ayevame ukujabulisa umphakathi, wathatha isikhashana. Ukukhumbula izingxoxo zemidiya ngezikhathi ezithile, isibonelo, ekusekeleni uQuentin Tarantino, owazama ukukhuluma ngokuhlukunyezwa okwedlulele kwamaphoyisa ase-US, okwakungabangela ukunganeliseki phakathi kweziphathimandla zomthetho.

Buyela

I-documentalist ekhwabanisayo ngoSepthemba 2015 e-Toronto Film Festival yanikeza umsebenzi omusha owaphinda wabonisa inqubomgomo enobudlova yase-US yangaphandle. Ithebula le-satirical "Kuphi okunye okumele kuhlaselwe khona," umsebenzi owawugcinwa ekusithekeni okuqinile, uthembisa ukuthi uzoba yinkohlakalo ekhanga kakhulu futhi ejabulisayo okungukuthi uMichael Moore kuphela ongayenza. "Kuphi okunye ukuhlasela" futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlasela kuzokwenzeka "ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okulandela ukucindezeleka", "ngaphandle kweziboshwa" futhi "ngaphandle kwezisulu". U-Moore kule phrojekthi wenza njengomklami wesiteji nomlobi obhaliwe. Abakhiqizi bezithombe babe nguCarl Deal noTia Lessin. Ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ekwakheni ifilimu kwakungenwe nguJamie Roy, abahleli bakaWoody Richman noPablo Pronza, abesebenza kakade nomlobi "Love Story". Ngokusho kukaMorey, akekho i-adventure yezempi ehlukile yaseMelika, eyamphefumulela ukuba adubule isithombe, kodwa kusukela lesi sihloko sasimkhathaza isikhathi eside, lokhu kwasenza sikwazi ukugcwalisa umsebenzi ngesabelo esidingekayo sokungqubuzana. Lona lonke likaMichael Moore. "Kuphi okunye okumele kuhlaselwe" kufanele kunconywa kakhulu ukubuka zonke izilaleli zokucabanga.