Umama Poltava impi - impi Yehlathi. Peter Ukunqoba Omkhulu

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi impi, uPetru wabiza "unina Battle of Poltava." Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwaba omunye mayelana nemibhikisho ebihambisana nodlame kakhulu isitha emlandweni wokubusa Russian Tsar. Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi.

Uhlolojikelele

Phakathi nokubusa wezinguquko olukhulu eRussia ilwa abaseSweden. Ngokuhamba kuwo bekulokhu kukhona abashoshozeli imisebenzi eminingana lempi. Omunye izibhelu kwaba empini Lesnaya. Korvolant iphansi kwesandla sika-Russian Tsar wahlasela isitha ngosuku olulodwa. amayunithi isitha wayala A. L. Levengaupt.

amabutho esitha

I-Swedish Baltic amabutho kuhlanganisiwe elihamba nabamahhashi. Eyokuqala lalinabashumayeli abantu 8050. Elihamba babekhona Smolandsky treteocherednoy kanye regiments Finnish-Swedish. Lesi sigaba sokuqala kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ababuthakathaka ukulwa amakhono. Eqinisweni, wenza njengoba nezidlamlilo. ibutho Finnish-Swedish yaziwa kusukela 1620 Kwakuwuhambo iyunithi eqinile. Kula mabutho ababekhona:

1. Ezicukuthwaneni Livonia isigaba. Kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-200. Naphezu kunalokho abampofu isiyalo futhi engaphumi njalo yokufuna, division kwaba ngempela ukuba nenkani.
2. Zilinganiselwa ku-800 abantu. eqinile Dragoons.
3. Karelian nemizana isigaba. Kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-300. Lesi sigaba besihambisana nesiminyaminya isilinganiso tekusebenta.
4. Livonia waqoqa ibutho of dragoons iphansi kwesandla sika-von Shreyterfelta. Kuyo, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-600. Kwakuwuhambo combat-ngomumo amayunithi okwakuhlanganisa Amasosha Livonians futhi kurlyandtsev.
5. Livonia waqoqa ibutho of dragoons ngaphansi kokuqondisa von Schlippenbach. Iyona futhi eyayikhipha amadoda 600. Kwaba khona ukwahlukana enamandla kakhulu.
6. Okunye emashalofini.

Ngokuvamile, mabutho olunezinombolo abantu 4.900.

Unyaka ka-Battle of Poltava

Phakathi nokubusa wezinguquko okukhulu kwakukhona izingxabano eziningi zamasosha. Nokho, ngobukhulu wabo izinhlu zempi zakwa-Poltava. inkosi Russian kuqhathaniswa King Karl XII. Ngonyaka Battle of Poltava - 1709 - isitha sasibulala kwamadoda ase-Ayi. Lokhu kwenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba inhlangano kahle kakhulu izenzo yempi Russian.

"Umama Poltava Victory": ukulungiselela

Septhemba 28, 1708 i-iyunithi isitha ilungele ngomkhumbi. Eduze indawo yabo kwaba ihlathi emzaneni. amayunithi isitha matasa ukuphakama: 6 Battalion zitholakala front line, lonke - ngezihluthu main kamasipala. umyalo isitha kuhlelwe ukuba akwazi ukuxosha ukuhlaselwa amasosha Russian iphuzu kuze kube yilapho wonke hide kuzodlula. Flying ibutho (korvolant) uPetru wathutha e amakholomu amabili emigwaqeni ihlathi. Amasosha bakwazi ukuphuma endleleni evulekile, saseNevsky uColonel Campbell ehlaselwa ihlukane lesitha ngehhashi, ekuhambeni. Yize kunjalo, isitha wakwazi iyahambelana e kick isigwebo futhi beat off. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Campbell ukungisiza aqaphe Golitsyn. UBooysen wakwazi ukusho ukuthi lokususa abaseSweden kusukela front line. Ngenxa yalokho, the last iyiswe umugqa oyinhloko. korvolantu Russian bakwazi ukufika isikhala ububanzi futhi iyahambelana ukuze lwempi. Egcekeni lingu-1 km kude isitha.

amabutho Russian amayunithi

Maphakathi sakhiwo wayengumJuda Guards Brigade Golitsyn. Lalinama Semenovski, isimo kanye ezimbili Battalion we Ingermalandskogo ibutho. Kutholwe ngakwesokudla iphiko nalawo agibela amahhashi. Wayala ezinkulu jikelele Stolz futhi Schaumburg. Ubude ukuphathwa flank ukuba uLieutenant jikelele Hesse-Darmstadt. Ohlangothini lwesobunxele abakhwele amahhashi elise. Wayala Flug futhi Boehm nokuphathwa jikelele uLieutenant General Bruce. Emgqeni wesibili kwakukhona 6 regiments ka dragoons. Bakhandwa lwaqiniswa Battalion Ingermalandskogo futhi Astrakhan regiments. Isandla esiqine ngokweqile wesistimu enikeziwe grenadiers futhi Rostov Dragoon Guards amayunithi.

Le mpi esemqoka

Uyini "unina Poltava Battle"? Le mpi esemqoka wawuqala 13,00 kuya 19,00 nge break okuncane. Maphakathi no-usuku amasosha nhlangothi zombili bekhathele ukuze bawela enkundleni yempi. Ibanga phakathi kwazo kwaba izinyathelo kungekho-300. Ngo kwamahora ambalwa baphumula. Russian walinda Baur lamabutho, futhi abaseSweden - kubuye avant-garde. Ngehora lesihlanu ntambama ayisihlanu 4000 dragoons. azowalekelela Russian wathola, waqala ukuhlasela. Ngenxa yalokho, abaseSweden base kwaphoqa wemithwalo yabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le Baur abakhwele amahhashi indiva flank isitha sika, ekuthumbeni kwebhuloho. Ngakho isitha yahlwithwa ukubaleka. Nokho, abaseSweden, ngokusekelwa the vanguard ephethwe ulwe kwebhuloho. Ngezinye eziyisikhombisa kuhlwa kusihlwa zaqala ukwehlela, futhi isimo sezulu waphenduka okubi. Russian saphela kuhlasela, kodwa uPetru wayeselusebenzise izibhamu, okwaholela bombardment izikhundla isitha. Isitha waphendula ekuqaleni. Shelling izikhundla kwaqhubeka waze 10 ntambama. Lewenhaupt, kwaba sobala ukuthi bahluleka ukusindisa wonke kulandelana. Kule ndaba, wanquma ashona. Ebusuku, kusale isigamu wempahla, zonke kabi kanye wezikhali, amabutho esitha sawela umfula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babasa umlilo bivouac, ngokufaka Russian edukisayo.

Ukuphela impi

"UMama Poltava impi" iphelile ngoba isitha ubalekile. Uma le yaziwa Russian Tsar, wathumela ihlukane ka Flug ezinyathelweni isitha. amasosha Russian wabanjwa Livengaupta eduze Propoisk. Lapha ukweqa isivele kubhubhe namunye, ngakho isitha waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ingxenye kulandelana yesibili uhambe p. SOG. Izinsalela amabutho abaleka ebuthweni Charles XII, bangathatha lutho nabo ngaphandle izikhali siqu.

ukulahlekelwa

"UMama Poltava impi" yaphela nge ukuthunjwa kulandelana omkhulu ukudla, izinhlamvu, wezikhali, kubalwa izinyanga ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitha lost wabulala walimaza mayelana 8 ayizinkulungwane. Pers., Isiboshwa elathunjwa amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 1. AbaseSweden balwa Abaningi phakathi ukubaleka washiywa. ukulahlekelwa okunjalo ngokuyinhloko ngenxa amasosha isiyalo abampofu futhi bengafundile amayunithi enhlangano. Kusukela Russian abulewe kwathi amanye alimala ingqikithi ayizinkulungwane 4. Abantu. Nokho, ukulahlekelwa isitatimende Imininingwane kungukuthi ebekiwe idatha dragoon regiments ka okungajwayelekile abakhwele amahhashi amayunithi nezinye amabutho. Njengoba sazi ukuthi "unina Battle of Poltava 'ubelokhu abanolaka kakhulu, abacwaningi ukubeka inani efile futhi elimele - izinkulungwane zabantu 6 .. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ofakazi, izisulu egcwele cishe ngokuphelele empini. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi ayikwazanga kubonakala ngisho utshani. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana nokulahlekelwa comparability nge zombili.

kokuhlaziywa

Impi eyayiqhubeka nge abaseSweden okubangelwa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kuKesari Russian. Nokho, ngemva IZENZAKALO zango-September 29, 1708 ibutho Charles XII zikhubazeke kwenziwe. Lokhu kuye kwawathinta Yiqiniso obengeziwe empini. Phakathi nezingxoxo amabutho nhlangothi zombili cishe njalo agcwaliswa. Kusukela side Russian kuya Flanges we Baur wajoyina, abaseSweden aphakanyisiwe amabutho uMathale ubuyiselwe esikhundleni sakhe ukuze Propoisk. Nokho, kwaba ukuphakama wokuqala qualitative. Amabutho we Baltic izindlu kwakungelona onogada Swedish noma ezinye regiments elite. Lesi sakamuva, isibonelo, kubhekwe Dalekarliyskoe iyunithi. regiments Abaningi babesezindaweni agwedlayo angaba Karelians kanye Finns futhi abaseSweden ungalilahli futhi Livonian namaJalimane Estonia, izhoryanami futhi amaSlav kusukela wangaphambili Swedish Ingermalandii. Izingxenye babekhona ngisho zivela ePoland, kanye Amasosha we Lander-German. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uPetru unomsebenzi nebutho lakhe okungcono Guards elihamba ibutho of dragoons futhi uyakhetha.

amaphutha

Njengoba omunye amaphutha amabi kakhulu uPetru abacwaningi shayela enganele wezikhali amagobolondo. Kwakukhona 30. kuphela Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke labo babe esincane. Wezikhali Baur akazange unesikhathi ukuya empini. Kule ndaba, impi yayingaphambi kancane imisiwe futhi kwaba olunegazi kunaleso esilindelekile. Ibutho isitha bakusebenzisa lokhu, wakwazi ashona ngempumelelo futhi sithole isizinda kuleli indawo entsha. IsiRashiya, yena, akazange ukuhlasela abaseSweden ngaphandle wezikhali ukwesekwa. Ngenxa yalokho lesitha ukuze isihlobo ungase siphumele ibutho Charles.

imiphumela yesikhathi eside

Ngaphambi Russian Kwakuwumsebenzi zamasu. Kwakuyisikhathi ukucabhela enkulu lolu hide, ezazihilela babe amaloli mayelana 8000. . Ngenxa yalokho yezenzo amabutho Russian emhlabeni izinkulungwane 4 ezinqoleni zaziphonswa eduze nedolobhana Ihlathi, mayelana 3 izinkulungwane - .. Have Propoisk. Ngakho, umsebenzi amasu eye eyenziwa ngokuphelele. Fight abaseSweden wayencisha umzimba omkhulu amabutho. Izinsalela yempi, uye awufikanga cishe lutho ebuthweni Charles, zaphoqeleka ukuba ngokuphelele ukushintsha izinhlelo. Nokho, Russian ayikwazanga ukufaka loluhlelo ngokuphelele operation ahaqe futhi abhubhise izindlu aseBaltic. Isitha olwakwazi ukuphula aphume encirclement. Ukugcina ingxenye yempi Livengaupt wakwazi ukuxhumana amabutho eyinhloko Charles XII, nakuba ukulahlekelwa wonke isitimela izinhlamvu nomphako. Njengoba omunye imiphumela impi umusa umaluju okwenzeke perevolochna. Carl, ngokusekelwe impumelelo jikelele ukubaleka Livengaupta Ihlathi, uxhumo lwayo amabutho main, wammisa webutho uhlala. Ngemva Poltava, inkosi Kwethenjwa ukuthi jikelele bazokwazi ngaphandle nobunzima ukufinyelela YaseCrimea Khanate. Kwakuwusuku inyunyana Sweden ngesikhathi futhi wakhonza njengephayona selikhonza Turkish. Kodwa Lewenhaupt, cishe bephelelwa ithemba kungenzeka ukunqoba impi. Njengoba kuphawuliwe mlando, jikelele lekile engqondweni ngemva umkhankaso omkhulu wezempi. Kule ndaba, akazange abe futhi amandla noma, cishe, isifiso ukuzivocavoca ukuqina ngenxa. Ngokusobala, ngemva kwempi yini iZihlobo Zasehlathini akakhulumi bayichezukisa ukuqhubeka nezingxoxo, kodwa sokunikela. Ngemva kokuhamba kaCharles ngoba Dnieper nebutho lakhe - ngaphandle kokulahleka futhi ngesikhathi esifushane - ezabeka ngayo phansi izikhali phambi ihlukane ka Menshikov.

isiphetho

Ukunqoba Russian at Poltava kwaba enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni wokubusa kwenkosi wezinguquko enkulu. Russian Tsar njalo unake kakhulu ekuqeqeshweni lempi amasosha. Yingakho zonke izimpi ukuwo kuphela amaqembu engcono: Semenov futhi Preobrazhensky, kanye bucishe bulingane kuye isimo Ingermalandsky ibutho, uVladimir, Nizhny Novgorod futhi saseNevsky dragoon amayunithi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, yebo, kwaba isiyalo kwezinhloko zamaviyo. emashalofini Russian kwahluka ehlelekile kakhulu, ukugcinwa esiqinile inqubo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ngokushesha viva amabutho kabusha amabutho ngqo empini.