Purim - kuyini? I iholide Jewish WePhurimi. Umlando kanye nezici holidi

amaholide lamaJuda kubantu ayixhunyiwe ne amasiko abantu babonakala yinto engaziwa, ongaqondakali futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezikhangayo. Yini laba bantu bayajabula? Kungani kumnandi budedengu ngakho? Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, Purim - kuyini? Kusukela side kubonakala sengathi kubahlanganyeli ukugubha ujabule ngakho uma ziphunyukile nje abanye enkingeni enkulu. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa umlando lokhu kakade 2500 iminyaka.

Purim - iholide zedili nenjabulo!

Purim - umkhosi entwasahlobo. Ngokuvamile, lugujwa ngoMashi. Abanye abakholelwa ngisho nokuthi Purim - iholide samaJuda Mashi 8. Nokho lokhu kungaphandle kwesiko sidukisa kakhulu.

Njengazo zonke ngamaholide lamaJuda, lugujwa ngokuvumelana ikhalenda kwenyanga futhi oluhambisana 14 inani lezinyanga Aydar. Ngakho lapho Purim lugujwa unyaka ngamunye, akwaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu.

Purim - iholidi lapho amaJuda ayalwa ukuba benze idili futhi bajabule. Bese nijabula sengathi umcimbi which busisa kuze kube yilolu suku, sekube izolo.

Action, ukuqalisa iholide elihlobene ne wangisiza bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli abantu bamaJuda ekufeni okuseduze ekuthunjweni WasePheresiya. Ngenxa ukukhalipha umholi Jewish uMoridekayi no-Esteri umhlatshelo ubuhle abantu bamaJuda waphunyuka ukubhuqwa ezimbi njengoba lesi khumbula iminyaka engaba ngu-2,500. Futhi bonke abahlanganyeli idili ayeyalwe ukuba mnandi futhi ujabulele lokho kukhululwa minyaka yonke.

Lomgubho iqala lapho kufundwa umqulu ka-Esteri (Esteri), incwadi, lapho izenzakalo zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe, baba Esanduleleni WePhurimi. Okulandelayo, lowo mkhosi uqobo kuqala. Lona kuphela iholidi Jewish lapho injabulo futhi idili - akuyona nje isiko, kodwa umyalo. Futhi ngakho-ke uhlala ngosuku esasijabulisa kakhulu ekhalendeni lamaJuda. Ngakho Purim - kuyini? Njengoba abantu bachitha usuku lonke?

Purim: Indaba Yesiprofetho

Izenzakalo ezandulela indaba WePhurimi, waqala ngo-586 BC. e. Kulo nyaka inkosi yaseBabiloni uNebukadinesari benqoba iJerusalema futhi wabhidliza ethempelini, ayezikhiphile izinkulungwane abathunjiweyo amaJuda. Ekuthunjweni eBhabhiloni. eyathatha iminyaka engu-47, ke ngomthetho inkosi uKoresi II amaJuda avunyelwa ukuba abuyele eJerusalema futhi ukuqala kabusha ithempeli. Nokho, leli thuba kancane abantu abangaphezu kuka-40 eziyinkulungwane.

Le ndaba kusukela eyakhishwa ekuthunjweni kwaseBabiloni futhi liphetha zezenzakalo ezichazwe encwadini ka-Esteri, ixhunyaniswe isiprofetho kaJeremiya, ababikezela kabusha kweJerusalema neminyaka engu-70 ngemva kokubhujiswa futhi ukufa umbuso waseBhabhiloni. Lezi zenzakalo ukusiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebaluleke for the holiday Jewish WePhurimi, okuyinto ngabo usuku olukhethekile kakhulu.

Cishe bonke ngamakhosi aseBhabhiloni Persian ephila ngokwesaba alesi siprofetho, futhi wayethemba ukuthi kungamanga. Sekuyisikhathi eside Isiprofetho wavikela amaJuda, njengoba namunye wababusi akazange alinge ukubalimaza ngokwesaba unseen unkulunkulu abangamaJuda.

Zonke lokho kwashintshwa eza emandleni Persian inkosi u-Ahashiveroshi, omunye kulaba babusi abanamandla kakhulu nayephambuka yasePheresiya, owadala omunye imibuso kunabo bonke emhlabeni lasendulo. Ukunquma ukuthi isiprofetho isikhathi sesiphelile, wabenzela isidlo izinsuku ezingu-180 e uphawu bokuphakama zabo phezu amaJuda nguNkulunkulu, abazange yokugcwalisa isiprofetho. It ezishiwo thombo yamaJuda, ukuthi inkosi yasePheresiya, wenza iphutha izibalo kanye eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, wayesefa.

izingobe Oman

Indaba iqala lapho yokuthi uXerxes uxosha umkakhe ngenxa yokwenqaba ukudansa naked in khona eduze lenkosi. Yena ufuna umfazi omusha. Ngemva eside Smotrin Xerex ukhetha u-Esteri, nomshana Mardehaya esikweyoku yamaJuda, womuntu, uXerxes ilondolozwe kusuka ngesakhiwo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu wesibili yasePheresiya, eduze enkosini, uHamani iba Amilikityanin. Ngolunye usuku wagijima ku Mardehaem, abenqaba ukukhothamela lesi wohlanga olukhulu. Lokhu "ukuchwensa" kwaba isizathu impindiselo esesabekayo Aman isinqumo ukupheka bonke abantu abangamaJuda.

NoHamani Ahashiveroshi yathi ukuthi izimpilo umbuso bethatheka abantu bamaJuda, engesiyo ingaphansi kwemithetho yasePheresiya futhi ukumkani, uhloniphe unkulunkulu wabo kuphela futhi namasiko alo. Umbusi uthukuthele ngaphambilini ukuba babhale ukuze abhubhise bonke abaJuda ababakhile yasePheresiya. Aman wanquma inkatho ukunquma lapho ilanga uzobuya abaqothule amaJuda. Ngemva kwalokhu, wathuma izithunywa kulo lonke elalibuswa nomlayezo ku ekuqaleni ukucekwa 12 no-13 Aydar.

Nokho, uzungu yaziwe abantu Esther Yanika izindaba ezingezinhle Mardehayu.

feat Esteri

Umuntu kuphela Ungagcina amaJuda, u-Esteri iba uyakwazi ukuthonya isinqumo senkosi. Nokho, ngisho le venture okuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuze ikhange uXerxes ngesicelo ngenxa yokwephula ukuhleleka. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwakhe.

UMoridekayi iza necebo okuyingozi mayelana nendlela ukuze zidonse ukunaka Atrtakserksa, abangele intukuthelo. Yonke enye into lithembela ngokuphelele charm nendlovukazi elinesibindi.

Bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini, u-Esteri wachitha ontanga eziningana ukuze Ahashiveroshi. Phakathi nezingxoxo ezinde wakwazi ukwenza umyeni wakhe ukuba ukuzinikela abantu bamaJuda, wasikhumbula ukuthi ngubani wamsindisa kulolo zungu. Ngenxa yalokho, inkosi bakholwa perfidy nokukhohlisa kaHamani. Ukufunda ukuthi ombangela ukuhlasela abantu abakhethiwe kweqiniso, umbusi esesabekayo yasePheresiya wehliswa zonke ngokufutheka ku Aman nomkhaya wakhe, kokuba isongwe imiyalo yakhe ngokumelene naye.

Ukusindiswa abantu bamaJuda

Into yokuqala ukuthi inkosi yayala esesabekayo - baphanyeka uHamani esigodweni okulungiselelwe Mardehayu. Njengoba umbusi wasePheresiya ayikwazanga ukubuyisa oda yabo, wavumela amaJuda ukuvikela izimpilo zabo kanye ezimpilweni zezingane zabo izikhali ayolwa nanoma ubani ovusa isandla kubo.

Ngakho, 12 no-13 abantu Aydar angamaJuda ehlangana ababulali babo ukubhekana. Ezinsukwini ezimbili baqhubeka elwa kuyo yasePheresiya, lapho bonke abahlaseli babulawa noma babaleka. Ubude libhekisela 70 000 kwabafileyo, kuhlanganise ngamadodana ayi-10 UHamani, owayehola kubulawa kuhlulekile.

14 AmaJuda Aydar ngafunda ukuthi ingozi ayisekho futhi ziphunyukile ukufa. Yaqala atewugubha eyathatha usuku lonke. Mardehay ngaphambilini ukwenza lolu suku olukhethekile ukuze abe isikhumbuzo lokuxoxela izizukulwane ezizayo, imicimbi ebulalayo. Encwadini idili likaEsta ngokuthi izinsuku zedili nokuthokoza.

Igama lakhe kwakungu-Purim wamaJuda kusukela ngawo igama elithi "lePhure" (lot). Ngakho, igama elithi lifanekisela yokuthi isiphetho abantu bezama ukuzixazululela, benzelana inkatho.

Lapho sigubha Purim?

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, Purim ukugubha 14 Aydar. Nokho, lokho okuhambelana nalokhu usuku? Cishe njalo Purim uwela ngoMashi noma ngoNhlolanja. Minyaka yonke, lolu suku luba inombolo ehlukile, njengoba unyaka mufushane kunelanga izinsuku 10. Ngakho, ngo-2014, saba celebration ku-15 no-16 Mashi, 2015 - 4, no-5, futhi ngo-2016 - 23 nezinombolo 24.

EJerusalema, Purim is ngokwesiko kugujwa kamuva ngosuku, kuvumela abaningi kwa-Israel ukugubha kabili.

Phakathi kusakazeka holidi wamaJuda umthelela walo omubi isimo samaKristu ngase amaJuda. Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi celebration wayo cishe njalo kuvumelana yokuHlawula. Lokhu ngokuvamile sokucasuka nezibhelu yimiphakathi yobuKristu. fun Bright Dissonant nge izinsuku zokuzila, kuye kwavula nokukholelwa ezeni kunenjongo anti-Christian holidi.

Namuhla, kukhona animus ukuthi Purim - iholide samaJuda Mashi 8. Nokho, ngalolu suku, uwe kanye nje kuphela eminyakeni 25-30. isiko ngalinye kazwelonke noma zenkolo kukhona iholide uwela ekupheleni ebusika, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia - kungcono Carnival, isiko Islamic - Novruz, nokunye.

Kanjani ukugubha Purim?

Kunezinhlobo ezine isiko ezingeguquleke WePhurimi ukugubha. Chief phakathi kwabo - ukufundwa Megillah. Igama elithi "pheqa" is ezisholo nje. Amabhuku ifundwa esinagogeni kusihlwa futhi ekuseni imithandazo. Ngo inqubo ukufunda umqulu ngesikhathi ufunda igama uHamani esinagogeni izivakashi ukuqala ukwenza umsindo, nginyathela izinyawo zabo futhi zisebenzisa ratchet ekhethekile, ezwakalisa nokwedelela inkumbulo villain.

Isidlo zemikhosi - ingxenye esiyisibopho Purim. It bekulokhu okukhulu kakhulu futhi ecebile unyaka wonke. Amasiko ekhethekile linqoba kulolusuku, singakhumbula esidlweni saziso ngokuthi "izindlebe kaHamani" - evulekile namakhekhe esingunxantathu nge sweet noma inyama ukugcwaliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebekiwe iwayini nje kubahlanganyeli fun ngeke ayeke ukuhlukanisa igama uHamani futhi Mardehaya. Nokho, leli siko wenziwa njengoba oyifunayo.

Okuphoqelekile ingxenye izipho iholide kukhona izihlobo nabangane ngesimo awukudla. Kanye isipho ethi siyakuhalalisela nezifiso oluhle Purim iholide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amalungu omphakathi ngempela likusiza abaswele.

Futhi iholide wesine isiko - kungcono zomkhosi. Ngo isiko imiphakathi ehlukene kuyinto ukubonakaliswa ezahlukene kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile kungagcini imikhiqizo ezincane waseshashalazini eRussia. Ngo amazwe aseYurophu, kwaba isiko yamakhonsathi emgwaqweni, amathikithi athengiswe ngemali zazo. Futhi ebandleni i-Old Umhlaba waqala ukuqhuba carnivals agcwele, okuyinto yanda ikakhulukazi Israyeli.

Zonke ezinye zingafundwa inkululeko ephelele, ngoba liphinde yeningi kakhulu iholidi Jewish lapho kwesiyalezelo main - ke kuyajabulisa nenjabulo. Wonke amaculo sung ku Purim, dancing futhi ejabulela iholide.

izitsha Traditional ku Purim

amasiko Culinary ngosuku WePhurimi kunalokho isihlobo. Nokho, umthombo ngamunye echazwe etafuleni zemikhosi, kukhona isidlo ezivamile.

Phakathi kwabo, imvu, wabhaka ebhodweni, elenziwe ubhontshisi oluhlaza kanye namakhambi. Inkukhu isobho nge amadombolo, okuyinto awakulungele kusukela ufulawa bendabuko, nepepper kusuka matzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidlo ethandwa kakhulu yenkomo nolimi, kuphekwe nososo ehlukahlukene. Futhi njalo ku samaholide etafuleni nezitini noma zucchini iyisitshulu noma isitshalo seqanda.

Ingabe isibopho isidlo ophaya ofakwe ezahlukene: inyama, amazambane, iklabishi, cottage shizi noma ujamu.

Kusukela izitsha waseRussia lwamaJuda kulolu hlu kufanele wanezela isici (isidlo asithena kanye izaqathe) kanye gefilte inhlanzi, ngaphandle okuyinto ke awusakwazi ukwenza noma ithebula iholide.

Purim Carnival

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu izingxenye ezithakazelisayo kakhulu leli holidi, okuyinto isiko kuphela mbhangqwana yokugcina eminyaka. Isiko wayeneminyaka ngokwanele ukusebenza encane waseshashalazini Izıhlabane eziningana. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ku-Purim simo ngokuya ziba yinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana, wadala izidalwa ngakuthathu eside ne eziningi abadlali.

Manje ingxenye ebalulekile holidi - a ukusebenza emikhulu yamaJuda esizinikezele umlando obangela iholide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu kudala yonke imiphakathi. Nokho, isenzo waseshashalazini - lokhu kumane nje kuyingxenye yomthwalo edilini.

carnivals Okugcwele olusebenza kungenziwa ngokuthi yakamuva iholide jet ukuthi buthola umfutho omkhulu. Okokuqala, lokhu isiko uye zimpande Israyeli, lapho Purim atholwe ngezinga elikhulu ngempela. Kodwa hhayi kude ngemuva nemiphakathi kwamanye amazwe, lapho carnivals nezindwendwe nazo ekuqaleni ukuthandwa.

Purim kwa-Israyeli

Purim - iholide kwa-Israyeli, isikali engaqhathaniswa kuphela Russian New Year. Ukukhanya lo mkhosi ehlangene ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. idolobha ngalinye elibamba carnivals nezindwendwe ezimibalabala. Ezweni lonke siphela lenqwaba zemicimbi ezigcawugcawu. Abantu thatha emigwaqeni, behalalisela nomunye ku Purim, ethi inkulumo ethi "Chag Purim Sameach" (Happy Purim) kubo bonke abangani esiphikisayo nje endleleni.

Kuyinkolelo eyamukelwa abaningi kugujwa Israyeli Purim, umlando walo, eqinisweni, uqale lonke futhi. Kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni ezikhathini ukuhlakazwa abantu bamaJuda, lokhu usuku obalulekile kugujwa semi ngomshoshaphansi. Manje elichithwe ezitaladini yezwe, sesiye omunye ngamaholide bhá. Vakashela akoIsrayeli lamuhla - amukele imizwa kahle kakhulu engaphezu kwengu-zingenakubalwa ngobuningi bazo.

Kuwufanele ngokuvakashela izwe nje ukuba abantu bazibonele ngokwabo edilini WePhurimi. Kuyini lokhu? Futhi kungani ngakho ukuthandwa yibo bonke abantu, abancane nabadala?

I iholide esijabulisa kunazo zonke ekuphileni

Kanjani ukugubha Purim? Ubungazizwa kanjani wena uma aligubhe, uma ngasinda nokusongelwa ngokufa waphunyuka kuwo ngomzuzu wokugcina? Lolu suku ngokuqinisekile zikhunjulwe njengoba omunye ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni. Kodwa ngasizathu simbe eziningi iholidi kubonakala kuyisimanga futhi engaqondakali.

Kodwa eqinisweni, umuntu ngamunye kudingeka okungenani usuku olulodwa konyaka, lapho wayezokwazi ukuzikhohlwa zonke izinkinga zakho futhi bangene ezinkathazweni, bajabulele ukuphila has nje lokho uhlala khona. Lona wonke ifilosofi nencazelo yalesi kancane uhlanya futhi iholide merry kakhulu. Okungenani, ukuthi isiphetho esinjalo ungenza Umuntu wakwelinye izwe, ithole ukuthi ungubani lo.

Purim - iholide elikhanyayo futhi enesimo esihle sengqondo, uqala seep ku Kwamanye amasiko, ngokuya bezinye izizwe baligubhe ekhalendeni lakho abomvu bese uthumela nomunye ukubingelela nge Purim.