Ukuxhunyaniswa Kwezinkinga Zomhlaba Zomuntu: Izibonelo

Ukuze uqonde izinkinga zezinkinga zomhlaba wonke, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ngokucophelela ngamunye wabo. Umuntu wezwe lanamuhla ubhekene nesisombululo sezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ezinye izindaba ezisongela ngempela ukuphila kwethu, noma kunjalo, kanye nakho konke okuphilayo kule planethi "eluhlaza".

Ziyini izinkinga zesilinganiso somhlaba wonke?

Kungani isihloko sokuhlangana kwezinkinga zomhlaba wonke kuphakanyiswa njalo ezinkomfa zesayensi, emihlanganweni ye-UN? Ngokusobala, ikhulu elidlulile liye laba uhlobo lokuphumula emlandweni wezwe "ngaphambi" nangokuthi "ngemuva". Akukade kudala, isintu selahlekelwe ithemba lokuphila okungenakufa. Futhi ngisho nemvelo ibonakala sengathi ihlose ngamacacsms amaningi ayo ngokushesha okuzayo kuyodingeka akhokhe inani eliphakeme kakhulu lesifiso sokuliqeda ngaphandle kokuboshwa futhi uthole inzuzo enkulu ekulimazeni kwayo.

Ukuhlangana kwezinkinga zomhlaba zesikhathi sethu kuyindlela eyenza izinto ezihlukene - izinsongo eziza phezu kwesintu, nokusebenza ngokucacile ngokumelene nokuphila emhlabeni. Ngokungafani nezinhlekelele zemvelo nezinhlekelele zemvelo, okuyimvelo yesikhashana edlulayo, lolu hlu lwezingozi lunesikali esingenakuqhathaniswa futhi lukhathazeka ngekusasa lempucuko yonke. Izinkinga zomhlaba jikelele zesintu zithinta izinhloso kanye nezithakazelo zazo zonke izinhlaka zabantu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezenhlalakahle nezomnotho, ngakho-ke, ukubambisana okubalulekile kokubaluleka kwangaphakathi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemizamo yawo wonke amazwe, izizwe kanye nezizwe kuyadingeka ukuze baxazulule.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele okudinga izixazululo eziphuthumayo

Ososayensi abafunda lesi sihloko babonisa ukuqonda okuhlukene kwezinkinga zomhlaba kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwabo. Banikezwa ukuphikisana nokungafani, okungahambisani nokuphila komuntu wanamuhla. Izinsongo ezilenga phezu kwezwe zivame ukuhlukaniswa kanje:

• Izinkinga zomphakathi zomhlaba jikelele. Lapha sikhuluma ngesibonelo esinjalo sokuhlangana kwezinkinga zomhlaba wonke zesikhathi sethu, njengezizwe emazweni amaningi kanye nokwakhiwa komncintiswano wezikhali, okwenzeka ngamacala amaningi empi, ukunciphisa izinqubo zokuvela kwezwe ngomnotho osathuthuka.
• Izinkinga zesimo somuntu. Lezi zibandakanya ukuhlaselwa kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele, ubunzima ekunqobeni izifo zendlala nezigula, izinkinga zamasiko nezinhlanga.
• Umphumela womthelela omubi womphakathi emhlabeni. Okwangempela namuhla kungabizwa ngokuthi yizinkinga zezinga eliphansi lomsebenzi wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukuntuleka kwemithombo yemvelo, njll.

Yeka ukuthi izinkinga zomhlaba wonke zihlobene kanjani: izibonelo ezicacile

Nikeza izibonelo zobuhlobo bezinkinga zomhlaba wonke. Ididekile? Ngenxa yalokhu, akudingekile ukuba ube yisithunzi esikhulu sesayensi. Kufanele siqale ngenkinga evuthayo kakhulu yokuxhumana phakathi komuntu nezwe elizungezile. Njengoba wazi, izimbangela zezinhlobo zemvelo kuze kube phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwakuyizinto zemvelo zemvelo, okungukuthi, izinhlekelele zemvelo. Okwamanje, akekho ongabaza ukuthi icala labo bonke abaphathi abangenakuqondiswa, okwaholela ekungcoleni okwenziwe kabanzi, hhayi kuphela kwendawo, kodwa kuthinta umhlaba wonke.

Esinye isibonelo sokuxhunyaniswa kwezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele singabizwa ngokuthi yi-intersection yenkinga yabantu kanye nezinkomba zokuphepha kokudla emhlabeni jikelele ngenxa yokukhula kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Isibalo sabakhileyo emhlabeni siyakhula minyaka yonke ngokuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo, okungaholela ekucindezelweni kwamandla engokwemvelo, ekuthuthukiseni indawo engokwemvelo ye-anthropogenic, kodwa ayihambisani nokukhula kwesisekelo sokudla. Ngakho-ke, njengombuso, ukwanda kwabantu kunamapulazi asathuthuka ngezinga eliphansi lemasiko nezomnotho.

Qhubeka ukuhlangana kwezinkinga zomhlaba zanamuhla kungenziwa "isixhumanisi" esilandelayo - ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhala sangaphandle. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi le mkhakha usemncane kangakanani, esikhathini esiyikhulu leminyaka senze intuthuko ephawulekayo. Noma kunjalo, isintu sinomkhondo othembekile ekutheni kukhishwe imithombo yezilwane ngenhloso yokugcwalisa ukulahlekelwa kwezindawo zokugcina umhlaba. Noma kunjalo, inkinga ikhona ekufinyeleleni kwemali kokufunda isikhala sangaphandle. Kuze kube manje, ukukhwabanisa kwemali yocwaningo kulo mkhakha kungaphezu kwamandla eningi lamazwe.

Impi njengesizathu sezinkinga zomhlaba wonke

Izibonelo ezintathu ezingenhla zokuxhumana kwezinkinga zomhlaba zesikhathi sethu akuzona kuphela. Izimpikiswano zempi nokuthula akusizi lutho. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezintshisekelo zangaphandle kuvame ukuzuza izici eziphelele: inani lokulahlekelwa kwabantu, izindleko zezimali ezingcolile kanye nokubhujiswa kokuphepha kwempahla. Umonakalo jikelele kusukela ekukhuleni kwezingxabano eziningi, isigaba esisebenzayo sezinhlupho ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, kwaphoqelela isintu ukuba senze ukuqhuma okukhulu kwesayensi nesayensi. Kodwa-ke, inqubekela phambili kanye nokwakhiwa komphakathi wezimboni sekuye kwaholela eminye imiphumela emibi. Ukungakwazi ukuphatha ngokwezomnotho imithombo yemvelo ngokwezomnotho, ukukhushulwa kokungekho okungalungile kokusebenzisa imali kwaholela ekubuyiseleni kwamanye amazwe, kuyilapho amanye amazwe aphumelele asebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali.

Umncintiswano wezikhali, naphezu kokukhululeka kokungezwani komhlaba wonke, kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kuphulukisa umnotho wezwe, kuhlasele njalo ukuhlasela okuhlaselayo kwizwe lamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlakulela isiko lomoya futhi kukhuthaze ukucabanga kwezepolitiki. Isifiso somuntu ngamunye sandisa ukwanda kwamandla abo okuzivikela okwaholela ekubeni phakathi nonyaka we-1980 ukutholakala kwamandla enyukliya emhlabeni kwafinyelela ngokuphindwe kabili ukushisa okukhulu kwezikhali ezisetshenziswa yizo zonke izinhlangothi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

Ukubambisana kwemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle nezenhlalakahle

Omunye akanakuhluleka ukusho enye into ekuxhumaneni kwezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele - ukunqoba ukubuyela emuva kwamazwe asathuthuka. Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani: bonke abahlanu emhlabeni balambile. Futhi, ukubuyela enkingeni yemithombo engcupheni, edlalwa inani elinyukayo lomhlaba wonke ngonyaka. Njengomthetho, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokuzalwa liwela ekuthuthukiseni kahle kwezomnotho ezweni. Kwanele ukucabanga ukuthi lesi simo sihlukile kancane. Bekuzokwenzekani uma bonke abameleli besimanje banesimo esiphakeme sokuphila? Ngeshwa, iplanethi yethu ngeke ihlale isikhathi eside. Enye yezindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga kufanele kube nokunciphisa ukuzala, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukufa, kuhambisane nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokuphila.

Kule ngqikithi, ukungezwani kobudlelwane bomphakathi kufaka hlangana ukuhlangana kwezinkinga zomhlaba zesintu. Ngenxa yokubaluleka okukhulu kwemibono yenkolo emazweni amaningi anamuhla, ukuvinjelwa kwesilinganiso sokuzalwa, okushiwo, ikakhulukazi, ukungabikho kokuvinjelwa ekuqedeni kokukhulelwa kokufakelwa, isenzo singasebenzi futhi singathandeki emphakathini ngesilinganiso. Izimfundiso eziningi zenkolo zikhuthaza futhi zikhuthaze imikhaya emikhulu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla amazwe ambalwa kuphela eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika akwazi ukunikeza imindeni "emikhulu" iziqinisekiso zomphakathi ngesamba esidingekayo impilo ephelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinhlobo zokulima zokulima (ukuxhumana), ukungazi, ukungabi nemfundo, ukungabi nemfundo, ukutholakala kwezifo ezingapheli kanye nokungabikho kwamathemba langempela "kunqoba".

Ngokuvamile zonke izibonelo zokuxhunyaniswa kwezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele zihlangana phakathi kohlaka lwesistimu yezenhlalakahle zobudlelwane "umuntu-umphakathi" kanye nezindiza "indoda-nature-man". Ngakho-ke, ukunqoba ubunzima bokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezibonakalayo, kufanele kwenziwe izinqumo ngokusekelwe kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla asetshenziswayo, kuhlanganise nezinqolobane ze-World Ocean. Ukuze ususe izithiyo ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, akwanele ukunaka kuphela ingxenye yokwakha kanye nokukhiqiza emnothweni wombuso. Njengoba izinkomba eziphansi ezingabasebenzi zingabangela ukungapheleli emisebenzini yezemfundo, ezempilo kanye namasiko, umnikelo ekuthuthukisweni kwawo ungabhekwa njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokwakheka okuphumelelayo kwesayensi nesayensi.

Noma kunjalo, izibonelo zobuhlobo phakathi kwezinkinga zomhlaba zinganikwa isikhathi eside. Ngayinye yalezi zinto ezibalwe ngenhla zokuziqothula okuphelele kwezwe lanamuhla zingabhekwa ngenye indlela, ezosiza ekutholeni ubudlelwane bomphumela obuhluke ngokuphelele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela izixazululo ezisebenzayo. Mhlawumbe, ekuboneni kokuqala, ukuxhunyaniswa kwezinkinga zemvelo zomhlaba kanye nokwehliswa kwezomnotho kwamanye amazwe kuzobonakala kungenangqondo noma engekho ngokuphelele. Kodwa okwamanje ukuthola ubufakazi bokubaluleka kwalo akulona kunzima kakhulu.

Amazwe athuthukile futhi abuyele emnothweni: yiziphi izinkinga eziphakama?

Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukulalela ezinye izikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa komsebenzi ngaphakathi komnotho wezwe kusetshenziswe ngokuya kwehlelo ngendlela yokuthi indima yokuhola izikhungo zezimboni ihlinzekwa ngokuthembisayo, ngokuthuthukisa ngokushesha amazwe asemadolobheni. Amazwe anezinga eliphansi lokuphila "ngokuzenzakalelayo" athathe imisebenzi yendawo, ehlose ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lwezolimo nolwazi oluhlaza. Futhi yini ephuma kukho konke lokhu? Ukuma ngezinyathelo ezinamandla futhi ngokuzethemba, amandla atholakala ngokusemthethweni (ngokuhambisana nemigomo yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba) izindlela zokusebenzisa izinsiza zamazwe ezomnotho ezingathuthuki, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukugcina indlela yokuzikhuphula nokuzibophezela, ukwandisa izinkomba zomnotho nokuzimela kwezezimali.

Ubumpofu nendlala ngenxa yesikweletu somphakathi wangaphandle

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ze-demographic boom ziphoqa amazwe anezinga eliphansi lokuphila ukuthola usizo lwezezimali ezivela ezinhlanganweni zezezimali zomhlaba wonke. Ukubolekwa kwemali emikhulu ngokuphindaphindiwe kwaqinisa isibopho sobugqila entanyeni yabakhokhi. Kuze kube manje, inkinga yezizwe zanamuhla zangezikhathi zanamuhla zithola izici zomhlaba wonke: 1.25 zamaRandi ayizigidi zamadola isikweletu samandla okuthiwa "umhlaba wesithathu". Izinkokhelo ezenzakalweni nasesikweletu zibeka umthwalo osindayo kubantu bakulezi zindawo, ngakho-ke izibalo ezibonisa ukuthi umhlaba unenkinga emhlabeni wonke, ukubeka kahle, ukuthakazelisa:

• Ukudliwa yindlala ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-700;
• Abantu ababili abangenawo ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha;
• Abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 baphila ngaphansi kobubha.

Ukuzinza kwezezomnotho nokuzimela kwezezimali kwezwe kuyahluka ngokulingana nobukhulu bezikweletu zangaphandle. Esikhathini seRussia Federation, ukungafani komhlaba kwenkinga kulandelwa kalula: eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule emuva kwezinkampani zezikweletu ziphindwe kathathu, kusuka ku-$ 50 billion kuya ku-R5 150 billion.

Ububanzi bokusongelwa kwendawo engenzeka

Ngokweqile kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke, inkinga yokuphila kwemvelo iye yakhula ngokuqinile. Isizathu salokhu kuyindlela ekhethekile yokukhiqiza impahla. Ukwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi amakhulu kunazo zonke emkhakheni othile wezimboni kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwempahla eyodwa noma eminye yempahla, kuyilapho abanye bonke, ngenxa yokungcola noma ukungakwazi ukugcina, kubhujiswa. Isimo samanje ososayensi babiza ngokuthi "ukungenwa kwemvelo". Ngakho umsuka wezibonelo ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 zokuxhumana kwezinkinga zomhlaba wonke:

1. Kubuningi bezinto eziwusizo ezikhiqizwa ngumuntu, amaphesenti ambalwa kuphela asetshenziselwa injongo yawo ehlosiwe futhi ayibaluleke kakhulu. Okunye okunye kuyimfucumfucu, imfucumfucu ebuyele emuva emvelweni, kodwa isivele ishintshiwe, ingamukeleki futhi ihlukile kumvelo. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemboni emhlabeni kuphindaphindiwe njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, izinga lokungcola kweplanethi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuyoba lubucayi.
2. Enkambeni yokusebenzisa lezo zidakamizwa eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule, kuye kwakhishwa amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 ze-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Ukuhlushwa kwezinto ezivunyelweyo kwanda ngesilinganiso esingakaze senzeke, okwaholela ekuguqulweni kokuvulwa kwemvilophu yomoya nokwakhiwa komphumela okuthiwa ukushisa okushisa.
3. Kanti, "i-cap" yesimo sezulu se-carbon dioxide yabangela ukushisa kwamazinga omhlaba wonke. Umphumela walo ukuqubuka kweqhwa le-Arctic ne-Antarctic. Ukufudumala kwezinga leplanethi kuholela ekutheni izinga lokushisa emoyeni eminyakeni engu-70-80 liyokhuphuka ngamadijithi ambalwa Celsius.
4. Ushintsho embusweni wokushisa, ngokuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo ye-physics, kuzoholela ekwandeni kwemvula. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi babikezela ukuthi izinga le-World Ocean liyophakama ngo-65 cm, lifihle ngaphansi kwamanzi alo lonke izigigaba nezigidigidi zabantu.
5. Ukukhishwa kweminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali emkhathini kuholela ekunciphiseni ubuningi be-ozone ungqimba. Njengoba kuyaziwa, leli gumbi lezemvelo lidlala indima yohlobo lwemifanekiso, igcina imilayezo ye-ultraviolet. Uma kungenjalo, okusho ukuthi, lapho ungqimba lwe-ozone luthinta umzimba, umzimba wesintu usongelwa umthelela omubi wemisebe yelanga, okusho ukwanda kwenani lezifo ezingokwemvelo, izifo zenhliziyo kanye nezisulu, ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila.

I-AIDS kanye nokulutha izidakamizwa: insalela yobusha!

Ukuqaphela ukuxhunyaniswa kwezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele kwi-ecology yemvelo kuyesabekayo. Kodwa, ngeshwa, uhlu lwezinsongo ezingase zibe khona ekufikeni kwabantu alupheli lapho. Yini i-AIDS kuphela! Lesi sifo sigcina ukwesaba wonke umphakathi womhlaba, futhi hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngumuntu wangempela - lesi sifo sithinta indawo yayo. Ukuhlukana kwenkinga yomhlaba jikelele ngokulutha izidakamizwa kuyabonakala: indawo enhle yokusabalalisa kwalokhu "okubi" ibangela impilo nempilo yezigidi zabantu. Igama elithi "ukulutha izidakamizwa" ezindaweni eziningi zanamuhla lihlotshaniswa nenhlekelele enkulu, ehlasela zonke izizukulwane.

Ukube bekungekho impi yenuzi!

Kodwa-ke, akukho isifo esisodwa, hhayi into eyodwa, esingalinganiswa nengozi kumuntu ukuthi izikhali zenuzi zithwala. Ukuhlanganisana okugcwele kwezinkinga zomhlaba ezichazwe ngenhla kungenakwenzeka ngemiphumela engaphendukiyo yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Umthelela we-thermonuclear ngisho neqhezu elingenakubalwa ye-arsenal yamandla amakhulu emhlabeni, okwanele kuze kube namuhla, ukubhujiswa kokugcina komhlaba. Yingakho ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi kuwumsebenzi omkhulu wesintu. Ukwehliswa okuthula okungaqondile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi kuzosisiza ukuba sithole izixazululo zezinye izinkinga zomhlaba jikelele ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubambisana okukhulu kwezwe.