Ukuthola Museum-Manor "Tsarina"? "Tsaritsyno" (Museum-bezindlu): izintengo, izithombe kanye nokusebenza

Eningizimu eMoscow kuyinto mlando esigodlweni futhi epaki eziyinkimbinkimbi eyingqayizivele, okuyinto lesikhumbuzo elikhulu kunawo wonke bokwakha, umlando kanye namasiko. "Tsarina" - ezivulekile Museum.

Kusukela umlando eyinkimbinkimbi

Izindawo ukuthi namuhla esikubiza ngokuthi i-Tsarina, bebelokhu baziwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Ngalezo zinsuku kwakuyizwi fiefdom udade Borisa Godunova sika, Tsarina Irina. Khona-ke lo muzi wawakhiwe ngokuthi Bogorodskoye. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI Queen izakhiwo kwabhujiswa, endaweni lachitheka kubangela amachibi wahlala, okwakubekelwa ifakwe Godunov.

Kusukela 1633 endaweni yase yaziwa ngokuthi Black Ukungcola. Abanikazi emzaneni baba boyars Streshneva, izihlobo yenkosi yokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi - Mikhail Fedorovich.

Ngo 1684, wohlanga olukhulu emzaneni Venetian wanqotshwa umzukulu wakhe - A. V Golitsynu, owayeyilungu Intandokazi inkosazana UZandile. Lapho yena wagudluzwa, Golitsyn impahla Kwadliwa ezandleni isimo.

Ngo-1712 ngaphansi esinqumweni uPetru Mina eseduze Black Ukungcola komhlaba lidlule ku kwelifa loonyana Prince Cantemir - uMbusi baseMoldova, abaqotho sizana Russian kule ngxabano Turkey. Entsha ubunikazi Cantemir izakhela isigodlo lokhuni entabeni.

Tsarina uCatherine II ngesikhathi

Uma Grand Empress, edabula indawo ngodaka abamnyama, umxhwele ubuhle kulezi zindawo futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza wathenga yonke indawo Prince Cantemir. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1775. Ngalelo hlobo ngoba iNdlovukazi futhi Prince eyithandayo Potemkin Yakhiwa isigodlo sokhuni, ehlanganisa amakamelo ayisithupha kuphela, futhi kudingekile kakhulu namahhovisi.

Ngo 1775, Umbusikazi uCatherine II ngaphambilini ukwakha kule sayithi yokuhlala ngaphandle eMoscow ubumnandi. Dala iprojekthi kanye ngiwuhlakulele waphathiswa umakhi omkhulu V Bazhenov. UMbusikazi sengathi lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda namaMoor noma Gothic, sitayela nekukhetfwa kwepaki kwaba ifakwe efana landscape.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Tsaritsino" eMoscow

Ngo-1984, epaki uvele ngaphambi Tsaritsyno Museum of yobuciko neyezandla. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukubuyiselwa izakhiwo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngo-1993, wathola isikhathi kubalulekile isimo Museum-reserve, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwahlanganiswa uhlu izikhumbuzo yamasiko ukubaluleka kahulumeni kanye nomlando. Kusukela ngo-2005, i-Museum-esiteyidi "Tsarina" laba impahla yabantwana edolobheni laseMoscow. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuphansi usuqalile lokubuyiselwa. Landscape imisebenzi yayenziwa eholwa wezakhiwo M. R. Morinoy. Okwamanje imisebenzi eqhubekayo ngcono kanye nokubuyiselwa amapaki - Bahrushinki futhi Orekhovskaya wekhasi.

Zesigodlo "Tsaritsyno"

Lesi sakhiwo, elakhiwe abaklami engcono kwekhulu XVIII, V. Bazhenov, kamuva yaphenduka. Grand Palace kusakhiwa ngezikhawu kusukela 1786 kuya 1796 esizeni a Bazhenovo izakhiwo pre-silandelwe. umfundi wakhe esakhiwe wezakhiwo omkhulu Matvei Kazakov. Ngandlela-thile, ke iphindwa umbono Bazhenov. Kusekelwe - amaphiko amabili ukuma square lapho emakamelweni kwahlelwa uCatherine II, futhi Tsesarevicha pavla. "Wings" izakhiwo axhunyiwe ngumuntu omkhulu futhi ngokubabazekayo maphakathi ingxenye. Nokho, naphezu elikhanyayo mbumbulu izakhi - imibhoshongo, Lancet yayinamakhothamo, ezinqumweni zawo esigodlweni eduze izimiso classicism: ezintathu ingxenye Ukuhlukaniswa mbumbulu, wesimethri esiqinile, ibhalansi enkulu. Ikakhulu Big Tsaritsyno Palace ubonisa "amandla inkosi." Awunazo Bazhenov ukudlala futhi buhle.

Ngenxa nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo Empress Palace asiphothulwanga. Akakaze ayisetshenziswa. Kuphela 2005-2007, emnyuziyamu "Tsarina" sidalwe (isithombe ungabona ku-athikili yethu). Namuhla kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu izivakashi indawo.

Imyuziyemu-esiteyidi "Tsarina": Petit Palais

Zonke izivakashi Ensemble esiyingqayizivele edonsela esigodlweni esincane esisogwini entabeni eseduze ngasogwini Upper Pond, eduze Ice Ibhuloho. It is eyakhelwe Vasiliem Bazhenovym e 1776-1778 ngokulandelana. Lo sayizi isakhiwo esincane, kunalokho efana nendawo epaki, ehlotshiswe monogram ka iNdlovukazi. Ngokungafani nezinye izakhiwo enhle ehlotshisiwe "Tsaritsyno", le isibonakaliso grand nenhle - kuphela umhlobiso isakhiwo, ngaphandle eziyinkimbinkimbi uthango engenhla. Kukhona inguqulo esigodlweni yakhelwa iNdlovukazi ukuthi wayechitha isikhathi lapha umdlalo ikhadi, okuyinto owayethandwa kakhulu.

Ngo isikhala sincane Bazhenov wakwazi ukwenza amakamelo ayisithupha. Ababili babo mancane kakhulu ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kuphela kungaba kuzo. Mhlawumbe lena indawo nesikhathi. I yavula ikamelo layo elikhulu kakhulu okusaqanda main. Kusukela amafasitela kuleli gumbi inikeza umbono omangalisayo ichibi engenhla. Esigodlweni zonke esiyingelezini sezulu Uphahla lwangaphakathi.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX lalisetshenziselwa njengoba esitolo ikhofi, lapho yavakashelwa khona ukuhamba kuleli paki. Khona-ke kwaba bashayanisa yabalindi izindlu. Esikhathini esizayo, ngeke sisetshenziswe futhi yaphenduka amanxiwa ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. Sekuyiminyaka eyisikhombisa (1989-1996 GG.), Isakhiwo kabusha. Manje Kwenziwa Museum nemibukiso.

isinkwa endlini

Izinkulungwane zezivakashi minyaka yonke vakashela "Tsaritsyno". Manor, Ipaki Museum, nemithombo, yebo, Isinkwa House ukuheha lapha izivakashi hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi zivela kwamanye amazwe.

Isinkwa House - isakhiwo, ingxenye Ensemble esiyingqayizivele, elakhiwa ngo-1785 ngu-wezakhiwo V Bazhenov abanamakhono. It is kufanele kubhekwe ophakathi kwabantu bokuqala kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo zezakhiwo yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liwukuphela kwesakhiwo elikhulu umakhi, walondoloza hhayi kuphela "Tsarina", kodwa kuzo zonke, eMoscow.

Igama Isinkwa House kwaba ngo sibonga XIX leminyaka ekusindeni ngezihluthu mbumbulu imifanekiso okusezingeni eliphezulu ebonisa sinkwa futhi usawoti shaker.

Isakhiwo kusakhiwa njengoba iKhabhinethi ekhishini. Kwake kwathi ngo-1786, akazange asijabulele Bazhenova Ekaterina II wezakhiwo owaketulwa of igama lesakhiwo esikulesi izindlu "Tsarina" ukubayisa babe M. Kazakov.

Ikhishi Isinkwa House isikhashana isetshenzisiwe inhloso yazo. Kukhona futhi namahhovisi Tsaritsin izindlu.

Ngo 1849, ngomyalo Nicholas mina yephrojekthi ye lithathelwe isakhiwo ngaphansi poorhouse futhi esibhedlela yasungulwa. Ngo 1852, esibhedlela wavula khona abalimi. Ngo-1920, e isakhiwo ohlanganyelwe uvele angesabi, okuyinto kancane kancane yathathwa lonke elihunyushwe ingxenye indawo engahlala emzimbeni. Bona waqhubeka kwaze kwaba 70s kwekhulu elidlule.

Active nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva waqala ngo-2005, lapho ubunikazi emzini beza Museum "Tsaritsyno". Isinkwa House has uthango entsha, okuyinto kuhlelwe, kodwa kwadingeka isikhathi ukwakha Bazhenov. EGcekeni wambozwa Dome ingilazi. Ngo-2006, Isinkwa House wavula izivakashi. Namuhla kuba Museum-reserve "Tsaritsyno", noma kunalokho, ukuchayeka zako ezisemqoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona embukisweni kanye concert amahholo.

Ipaki "Tsarina"

Lona lesikhumbuzo ebaluleke kunayo landscape art. Waqala ukuthatha ukuma ekhulwini XVI, ngaleso sikhathi lapho izindlu ingeyamakhosi Prince Cantemir. 'Kwakuwusuku engadini njalo, "lapho kwakukhona geometry okucacile izindlela kanye izikhala green.

Ezinsukwini wokubusa uCatherine II baba amapaki imfashini, ukulingisa isimo zemvelo. Babizwa ngokuthi landscape. Ukudalwa epaki enjalo eyalwa ukuba enze wensimu IsiZulu Francis Reed.

epaki elichumayo "Tsarina" bafinyelela izinga elingakaze ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho isakhiwo izindlela nasezindaweni ezizungezile, kwakukhona izakhiwo ahlukahlukene kwamiswa: Gazebo eMbusweni isitayela, amabhuloho, Imigede.

Ekupheleni XX leminyaka kwepaki ubekade labhidlika. Ngo-2006, "Tsaritsyno" Museum-epaki baqala ukubuyisela. Landscaping awukaphothulwa. Kodwa iningi lalezi kwepaki kubuyiselwa.

abamba ukushisa ukulima

Lapho izivakashi ukuza "Tsaritsyno" Museum-Estate, amapaki, izigodlo ukukhiqiza umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on kubo. Lokhu kufakazelwa izibuyekezo eziningi zezihambeli.

umnotho Hothouse yabonakala izindlu namanje ngaphansi Prince Cantemir. Kwahlelwa uSomandla eduze wendlale emadanyini, okuyinto kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi abamba ukushisa. Ngo 1776 Bazhenov abuyiselwe vintage Kantemirovsky zokugcina, bese wakha esisha. It senziwa zamatshe. Ngo-2006, ngesikhathi abavubukuli kwatholakala isisekelo sakhe.

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi izincwadi eziningi zemithi yezithelo etshalwa inqwaba imibala, kuyilapho ntandokazi lalihlale eyanikezwa ama-rose. Ekhulwini XIX emnothweni uye wawela kwamazinyo. Endaweni zokugcina kwakukhona emzaneni iholide.

Ngo-2007, izakhiwo abamba ukushisa usubuyiselwe ngokugcwele.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Tsaritsino" eMoscow - lena lesikhumbuzo hhayi kuphela esiyingqayizivele emlandweni futhi yokwakha, kodwa futhi enye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu yenhloko-dolobha.

Gazebo "Temple of Ceres"

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi Gazebo yakhiwa kuleli 1780s Bazhenov. Nokho, ucwaningo lwamuva nje lubonisa ukuthi lesi sakhiwo Yakhiwa 1805 I. Egotov. Esikhundleni isakhiwo agugile Bazhenov. Njengoba ebheka injalo yasekuqaleni ayaziwa, kodwa cishe, raccoon e okuthile okuphindaphindiwe umsebenzi umakhi omkhulu noma kusetshenziswe tincenye letitsite lowo msebenzi wakhe wokwakha.

Arbor-Rotunda nge eziyisishiyagalombili amakholomu ye-oda ionic. It is zihlukaniswa obugagu, ukuvumelana kanye olinganise ephelele. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona isithombe Ceres - unkulunkulukazi wenzalo, kodwa ayizange ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Namuhla, esikhundleni sakhe sathathwa ebaziwe Burganova. Gazebo "Temple of Ceres" ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze ngokuvamile ibuyiselwe. Ngigcine imisebenzi yayenziwa kwenziwe 2007.

ukucula umthombo

Leli yitshe eliyigugu real Ensemble epaki. Itholakala ku ichibi Ephakathi. Lo mthombo yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2007. Minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-May Ongoti ujabulele Ukuvumelana imibala, umculo kanye ukukhanya. Isiphethu ngokuyisimangaliso epaki mlando tale eziphilayo inganekwane.

Zonke izivakashi ifa abatelekile izilinganiso lesi sakhiwo. On ukuphakama imitha-15 ephakanyiswe amanzi Jets 807. Bayakhothama esibukweni kwamanzi endaweni 2500 m ^2. imisebenzi Fountain, ephelezelwa umculo omuhle. Pump 73 ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi lwesitsha.

Ebusika, lo mthombo akusebenzi. It is ivaliwe Dome ekhethekile 13 amamitha eliphezulu. Kuvikela isakhiwo kusukela ezinzima frost futhi lokushisa izinguquko.

amachibi

Cascade amachibi "Tsarina" kwamiswa phezu iminyaka engamakhulu amabili. I owayemdala kunabo bonke - Borisov, okuyinto uqala ukuvela phakathi nokubusa Boris Godunov. Upper namachibi Lower saba khona lapho izindlu ephethwe Streshneva. Ichibi aphansi sidalwe phakathi kwekhulu XVII. Ephakathi Pond kwavela kakade in the 80s. Khona-ke yakhiwa edamini okusezingeni eliphezulu, lapho sabekwa Novotsaritsynskoe onguthelawayeka, esigabeni Ngezansi Pond zibe izingxenye ezimbili alinganayo.

Kanjani ukuze uthole Manor "Tsaritsyno"

Kulabo wanquma ukuvakashela kulesi Museum "Tsarina" Imodi wokusebenza Kuyinto elula kakhulu - Reserve balindelwe izivakashi nsuku zonke kusuka amahora 6.00 ukuze 24,00. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ngokukhululekile futhi nhlobo ukungena Insimu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isinkwa House Nokho, njengoba e-Grand Palace, ungaya kusuka amahora 11,00 kuya 18,00 nsuku zonke. Kuphela ngoMsombuluko lapha okukhiphayo. NgoMgqibelo ukusebenza enwetshiwe emahoreni angu-20.00.

Zokugcina kungenziwa wavakashela nsuku zonke kusuka 11,00 kuya 18,00 futhi ngoMgqibelo kuze kube amahora 20.00. NgoMsombuluko in zokugcina ngempelasonto kanye nokuvinjelwa izinsuku.

Khanyisa nomculo umthombo zonke isizini ihlobo (May kuya September) ivulwa 9.00 ukuze amahora 23,00.

amanani amathikithi

Njengoba sekushiwo, emnyango Museum-estate mahhala. Wonke umuntu ukuvakashela "Tsaritsyno" Museum, amanani ngeke wesilisa ikumangaze. Grand Palace, kanye Isinkwa House, ungakwazi ukuthenga eyodwa Ithikithi ruble 300. Izindleko engena greenhouse kubiza ruble 100, ithikithi ezimbili kuyokulahlekisela ruble 180. Futhi uma ufuna ukuvakashela amathathu abamba ukushisa, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukuthi bakhokhe ruble 250.

Grand Palace uvunyelwe izithombe. Kuwufanele eyikhulu namashumi ruble. Esikhathini Isinkwa House kanye zokugcina - ruble amahlanu.

Ukuthola lapho

Uma unesithakazelo esiyingqayizivele Museum-esiteyidi "Tsarina", ukuthi ungathola kanjani kuye, sizochaza.

Kuleso simo, uma uhlela ukuhamba by zokuthutha umphakathi, kufanele aye kaMasipala "Tsarina". Phuma emakethe umsakazo futhi iqonde ukuhamba. Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-Five ufika emnyango main epaki. It engafinyelelwa kusuka esiteshini, umnyuziyamu metro station "Orekhovo".

Ngemoto ungase futhi emnyuziyamu "Tsaritsyno". Kanjani ukuze uthole ngokushesha? Kungcono ukuya Manor Street Turina. Ngapha kukhona ezimbili eziningi ezinkulu yokupaka. Ngaleyo mpelasonto, lapha udinga ukuza ekuseni, njengoba akunakuba ngokwanele zokupaka.

Namuhla sizothatha uhambo olufushane "Tsarina". Museum kuyinto ezikhangayo bemvelo nemasiko esiyingqayizivele, ngeke abashiye ubani nandaba. Lapha ezikhumbuzo engcono yomlando isiRashiya, ngekhulu XVIII. Manje Manor wabuyiselwa futhi zisesimweni esikahle. Ngakho-ke, musa ukuzindela uhambo. Wozani "Tsaritsyno". Imyuziyemu-esiteyidi usizo uzizwa emkhathini bezikhathi zasendulo, ukuvumela ukuba babone ubuhle bemvelo Russian. Woza njengomkhaya, nezingane. Bayibo uhambo kuyoba usizo kakhulu futhi ngeke zikhunjulwe iminyaka eminingi ezayo.