Ukunemba kokulinganisa, izindlela, amathuluzi nemishini

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Ukuchithwa kwamanani amaningi okulinganisa yikhono lokuhleleka ukuba khona komuntu nendawo yakhe. Ngeke kwenzeke ukucabanga ngempilo lapho yonke imiqondo evamile neyamukelekile yesikhathi, ubude noma ubuningi bekungekho. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokuthi badinga ukwazi ukuhlukanisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi bafunde indlela yokunquma nokubala amabanga nobude, isisindo, isivinini sokuhamba kwezinto, nokuhamba kwesikhathi. Emlandweni weminyaka eyinkulungwane wokuphila, isintu sithole ulwazi oluningi oluyigugu futhi selukwazi ukuyihlelwa ngezesayensi ezihlukene.

Imiqondo kanye nokwaziswa - izisekelo ze-metrology

I-Metrology imfundiso esiza ukuqonda ukulinganisa kwamanani ahlukene. Linikeza ithuba lokuqonda ukuthi yiliphi isilinganiso, ubunye kanye nokulinganiselwa kokulingana, ukucacisa okufana nokulingana kokulinganisa, iphutha, ukujwayela izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisa nezinsimbi.

Inqubo yokulinganisa ihlotshaniswa nokuzimisela kwedatha ephathelene nenani elithile ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo, kanye nokulungiswa okulandelayo kwamanani atholakalayo ngezindinganiso kanye namayunithi avunyelwe ngokuvamile. Ngakho-ke, singacabanga ukuthi ukunemba kwesilinganiso ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni idatha esondelene kanjani ngokusondeka ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwamanani weqiniso okwenani, okuyinto ngokusemthethweni ayikho ngaphansi kwenselele futhi iyinkinga ye-axiom.

Ukungalungi okungaqondile

Ososayensi bathi akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa noma yini ngokufanele. Iqiniso liwukuthi kunezici eziningi ezithinta inqubo yokunquma inani elizimele ezenzweni zabantu. Kulokhu, i-metrology ivumela ukuba khona kwamaphutha okungekho emthethweni atholakale enkambisweni yokulinganisa, kanye nenkhomba ebonisa ukwehluka kweqiniso elivunywa ngokujwayelekile kanye nokujwayelekile.

Iphutha lingenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile noma engahleliwe. Ukuze ungabandakanyi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okokuqala kungenakwenzeka, ngoba kuyisici esingahle siphambane nomphumela njalo, kodwa iphutha elingalungile lingaba umphumela wephutha elikhulu noma ukungalungi emsebenzini wokuhlaziya.

Ukunciphisa amathuba okuphutha kungase kube ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu namathuluzi, ukunciphisa umthelela wamathonya angaphandle phakathi nokuzimisela kokulinganisa kwamanani. Isibonelo sokuqala sokunciphisa amaphutha ukusetshenziswa kwamawashi, uma ulinganisela isikhathi kungekho amahora nemizuzu, kodwa ngamaqenjini wesibili, okuvumela ukuba wenze ama-stopwatches kagesi.

Isilinganiso kasikhombisa ...

Isidingo sokuthola ulwazi olunembile ngobuningi ngenxa yenkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe bezwe lanamuhla. Uma isampula yokuqala ifenisha yayiyisihlalo esingasese esinezindlu zangasese, nemininingwane yayo eqoshwe iso, khona-ke ubuchwepheshe bamanje busiza ekudaleni izici zesitokisi esifanayo ngephutha elifinyelela ku-millimeter. Mhlawumbe ekuphileni komuntu nsuku zonke izincazelo ezincane kakhulu akubalulekile, kodwa lapho ukunemba kwesilinganiso kuphathelene nesayensi, imithi, ukukhiqizwa - kuba yinto ebalulekile yokuphumelela kwebhizinisi.

Uma ubheka ngokucophelela, izitsha zokulinganisa ezilula zikhona kuwo wonke umuntu endlini. Izibonelo ezitholakala kulolu hlobo - ukwakhiwa kwama-roulette, umbusi, ikhishi noma izilinganiso ezingaphansi, i-bezmen, ugesi, amanzi, amamitha kagesi, ama-timer ahlukene namawashi, ama-thermometers nama-thermometers. Ukusebenzisa isibonelo salokhu okulandelayo, ungaphinda ubonise izindlela kanye nokunemba kwesilinganiso. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa okudakayo olufakwe ngaphakathi ekamelweni lokuthola izinga lokushisa lomoya ekamelweni linesilinganiso sezinga leshumi, kuyilapho i-mercury thermometer eyenzelwe ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba womuntu lihlehlisiwe libe yingxenye yeshumi yezinga, okusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuphutha ngesikhathi Ukuqoqwa kwe-anamnesis yesiguli.

Iyini ubude nokuthi ungayilinganisela kanjani?

Enye yezinto eziningi ezibonakalayo futhi ezicacile ubude. Mhlawumbe, okokuqala umuntu walinganisa ibanga ngosizo lwezinyathelo, manje inombolo yokulinganisa ibanga iyajwayelekile. I-standard standard iyimiso yamatriki, lapho inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lilinganiswa khona ngamakhilomitha, ngokwemvelo lihlukaniswe ngamamitha, amasentimitha namamitha. Kunamagugu aphakathi (ama-decimeters, ama-micrometer), kodwa avame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezikhethekile kakhulu.

Ukuze unqume ubude, kuyadingeka ukhethe ingxenye ethile ezoba nesiqalo nokuphela (amaphuzu A no-B), ngakho ubude buyibalulo ebangeni elikhulu kundiza phakathi kwala maphuzu. Ukuze ulinganise ubude, izinsimbi eziningi zenziwe kusukela eziyisisekelo, njenge-centimeter nombusi, kuya ku-instrumentation ecacile kakhulu nephutha eliphansi.

Imishini yasendlini yokulinganisa ubude

Ukuhamba kwemikhumbi emide kumuntu olinganiselwe kungenakulinganiswa, ngamunye wethu cishe uyazi izinga lemigwaqo yawo, ungacacisa idatha enjalo ngosizo lwe-motor speedometer, i-pedometer yezemidlalo nezokuvakasha, noma ngisho nokusebenzisa i-smartphone, ngokulayisha uhlelo olukhethekile kulo.

Ekhaya, izinsimbi zokulinganisa ubude zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha nokulungisa. Ukwakhiwa kweRoulette - yilokho okukhona ngaphakathi kwendoda yomuntu. I-tape yensimbi enezinga esikhaleni esisodwa noma zombili kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-3, 5, 7.5, ngamamitha angu-30 ngokuhlukaniswa okungaphezulu kwesentimitha no-millimeter. Enye indlela elula ye-roulette ingaba i- laser rangefinder, ongakwazi ukubala amabanga kuze kube ngu-250 m, ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukumane ubude ubude ngisho nawe. Kukhona namamodeli abonisa indawo nevolumu yekamelo ekubonisweni.

Ama-Calipers weSlide

Ukulinganisa nge-caliper kuzonikeza umphumela onembile kakhulu. Lokhu kuyisetshenziswa esetshenziswa embonini futhi inikeza ithuba lokufunda inani elilinganayo lezingxenye ngobukhulu buka-0.1 mm kuya ku-15 cm ngephutha eliphansi. Ukuze unqume ukuthi ngabe isilinganiso siseduze nenani leqiniso, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo zokuqhathanisa - ukuqhathanisa nethuluzi esivele liqinisekisiwe noma ngesigaba esiphelile sesayizi efanelekile.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zale divayisi, isimiso sesenzo sabo siyafana, sihluka ngobude bezinga le-millimeter kanye nendlela okulinganiselwe ngayo. Abaqaphi be-vernier banzima kakhulu ukusebenza nabo, kodwa lokhu kukwenza kube lula ukunciphisa amaphutha ahlelekile. Edivayisini ene-dial noma isikrini se-digital, izilinganiso zenziwa nge-elekthronikhi futhi uma isitsha sinomqondo ofanelekile, imiphumela yaso inokwethenjelwa ngezinga eliphakeme lamathuba.

Ubuchwepheshe obunzima

Imishini yokusebenzisa i-computing eyinkimbinkimbi yilezi zixhobo ezisetshenziselwa izitshalo nezinhlangano zezimboni ezibandakanya ukufakwa kwemigqa yamandla, ukubeka amathebula yithelevishini, ucingo kanye ne-intanethi. Le nqubo ilawula imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukukala ubude bekhebula, kodwa okwamanje idivayisi ingathola amaphutha emsebenzini womcingo, echaza indawo yokuhluleka kwamandla, okunciphisa kakhulu izindlela kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sokwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Kunezigaba ezihlukene zamathuluzi wokulinganisa. Okuyisisekelo kunazo zonke ukufakwa kweziqondiso ngamamitha ubude bekhebula, ukuhlukahluka okunzima kakhulu ukukwazi ukubala hhayi ubude bezingcingo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukukala amavolumu amakhulu ngamakhila, iphepha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyanconywa emigqeni yokukhiqiza, ukufakwa kwemishini enqolobaneni kanye nezitolo ezinkulu zisakazeka.

Indlela yokuqonda kabanzi

Isikhathi sokulinganisa futhi kuyinto ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile. Ezimweni zokuphila, bambalwa abantu abaqaphela iqiniso lokuthi iwashi langasese lingasheshisa noma liwe ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa kusukela ejwayelekile evunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano zomphakathi namabhizinisi akakwazi ukukhokhela le nkululeko, ngakho-ke qhathanisa isikhathi nezinkomba ezikhungweni zikahulumeni, ezibuye ziqondiswe ngemininingwane etholakala ngosizo lwama-satellite.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi umqondo onjalo, njengesikhathi esiqondile, kunokuba uhambisane nalokho. Izindawo zesikhathi lapho iplanethi ehlukaniswe khona ziyizinhloso zemvelo futhi zithembele ngokuqondile emiphakathini kahulumeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngentando yezombangazwe kahulumeni bamazwe ahlukene.