Ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni: izivivinyo, amasu, izimiso, imicabango yabantu

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Neuropsychological nokulungisa izingane anesikhundla ehamba phambili phakathi eyala ezihlobene emkhakheni ukuthuthukiswa evamile futhi babhekwe (ontogeny). Umsebenzi kusekelwe nomqondo uhlelo othakazelisayo kwasendaweni imisebenzi ubuchopho ephakeme. Namuhla ukuhlola neuropsychological nokulungisa zisebenze sphere entsha esisebenzayo.

Imigomo Nezindlela Izinhloso

ukuhlola Neuropsychological nokulungisa ezinganeni kuhloswe:

1. Icacisa ezingeni imisebenzi unformed ephakeme, ukuhlonza amathuba compensatory.
2. Ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano kusilela izinqubo ngokwengqondo. Lokhu ibangelwa sithembele izixhumanisi eqinile abakubekelele nokumisa ukuxhumana phakathi imisebenzi.

Amaphuzu Key

Esikhathini ochwepheshe isekelwe ezimisweni ezithile ukulungiswa neuropsychological. Okokuqala, kufanele siqonde ukuthi lezi amasu awaveli njengoba ukuqeqeshwa. Basikisela kumiswa imisebenzi esemqoka kanye izinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze ukuqhubeka. Ukulungiswa iqala ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile ngemuva. Ngakho, kukhona umphumela izindlela imisebenzi kumiswa deficiental. Uhlelo kumele yakhelwe kuye ngezinga ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo ingqondo. Vector ukwakha imisebenzi - kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, kusuka ngaphakathi ngaphandle. Imithetho yenqubo internalization - ngesisekelo hlelo, esiqhutshwa phezu ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni. Bonisa kufanele kancane kancane abe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi usizo ngaphandle kokuqeda izabelo - ukuze wehlise. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane ihamba kusukela ubambisane ekulayweni self-eqondiswa, kuqala efakwe bese eligoqiwe. Uhlelo kumele luhlinzekele ukuqeqeshwa ngesimo imidlalo. Kuyadingeka ukuba kubulawe kwadambisa isimo esasishubile, ukwandisa nogqozi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle umsebenzi ubuchopho ngaphandle ukulimala.

Izici ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo

izindlela ukulungiswa neuropsychological akhethiwe ngamunye ngengane ngayinye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, senza ukuhlaziywa esihleliwe idatha. Kusukela izici isakhi imisebenzi ephakeme kuzoncika isiqondiso yomsebenzi wokufundisa ngesikhathi kwemizwa. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Neuropsychological nokulungisa ebuntwaneni wenziwa ngesisekelo imifanekiso yezimbali ezintathu obusebenzayo amabhlogo ubuchopho (ngokuhambisana nomqondo A. R. Lurii). Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ekusungulweni nokuxhumana hemispheric. Kuyadingeka ngenxa yenkambo ngempumelelo zonke izinqubo engqondo.

Kutfutfukiswa sphere engqondweni yethu

Ukwakheka kwabo iqala ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Umuntu omncane lokuqala likhona umndeni (ikhaya) ukuphila. Lapha uthola isamba esikhulu emizweni: ebona abantu abaseduze kwabo, it is fed enomuzwa touch ezahlukene umzimba, ezwa amazwi, imisindo, njll Kuyaziwa ukuthi emazingeni ahlukene izingane kwengqondo kuyinto engalingani eyaziwa .. Ngokwesibonelo, kumiswa motor imisebenzi iningi uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela eminyakeni 1.5-2. Ingane ngalesi yobudala ifunda ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo izinto, ngemizimba yabo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-1.5, isebenze zokukhuluma. Ingane iqala nekwakha silulumagama, ukuthuthukiswa ibinzana ukukhuluma okwenzekayo, inkathi imibuzo nokudalwa izwi. umsebenzi ngamunye oluhambisana engu ebucayi lapho sibangelwa kakhulu uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Ngemva lasungulwa, uqala ukwenza njengesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa okulandelayo ku yinkimbinkimbi izinqubo engqondo.

Umsuka block cerebral

He kubhekwa amandla. Iyunithi yokuqala inikeza ithoni oyifunayo isimiso sezinzwa, lisiza ekulondolozeni isimo kahle sihlale siphapheme. umsebenzi ojwayelekile we umzimba kungenzeka kuphela uma ukusebenza kwawo esitebeleni. Okwenzeka iziyaluyalu ku nemisebenzi block lokuqala ubuchopho musa avumele ingane ukuba afeze imisebenzi, ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi, ukudlala.

umsebenzi Kwehliswe

Lona omunye izimpawu eyinhloko iziyaluyalu umsebenzi ingqondo namandla iyunithi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingane yekwentiwa, awusebenzi nentshisekelo ezizungezile. Wakhe lehlukene ekucabanga kwengcondvo netintfo umsebenzi motor incane. ukubaluleka Esiwujuqu usesimweni esinjalo kwakuyodingeka ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele iqondiswe ezishukumisayo womsebenzi locomotor by, ngokomzwelo bese uthinta (ethintekayo, sokuzwa, ezibukwayo) endaweni. Imidlalo ahlinzekwa ingane kufanele ibe ukunyakaza onesigqi. Kulokhu, kuba isiqiniseko ukuthi ukuqinisa ngokomzwelo. Ukuze ukushukuma nazo asetshenziswa aromatherapy massage, ukwelashwa amanzi. Nge umsebenzi elandayo ingane tingafundziswa imizwa hhayi kuphela umuntu, futhi izinhlelo zabo ngokuya eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izakhi eziyinhloko asisekelo inkanuko Neuropsychological ukulungiswa ebuntwaneni - umzimba okudinga ingane ukugcina isigqi esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase ekuhambeni zihambisane nezinsimbi zomculo ezingeni lokushisa unikezwa, u- sishaya ku amathrekhi sigubhu nokunye. Uma ingane isifunde ukugcina isigqi, wanikwa umsebenzi ku-shift yabo. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho uzama ukucosha izinguquko futhi senze ngokuvumelana naso. Leli phephandaba kumele futhi usebenzise amasu esifaka oluphelele ukulungiswa neuropsychological (AV Semenovich Uhlelo). Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa nemisebenti lehlose kumiswa ukuphefumula kahle. Yokucebisa omuhle amandla isizinda ukwelashwa art ukuthonywa wengane.

Imininingwane block cerebral

Yena unesibopho kokuthola, ukucutshungulwa nokugcina ulwazi. Imisebenzi analyzer izakhiwo zomzimba ivumela umuntu ukulalela, ukubona, khumbula futhi ezala ulwazi bese uliqhathanisa nabazalwane idatha ekhona. Ukuphulwa kule yunithi kuboniswa ukuhlonza izithombe ezimbi noma netintfo mbamba. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingane ingase babone ngisho nokuthi ajwayelekile kuye amathoyizi noma izinto zasendlini. Uma ukwephula ezihlobene bezibona imisindvo, it is kahle ngamakhasimende emkhathini, akakwazi ukunquma ngokuthe umthombo umsindo ukufanisa ngendaba, ngalo ishicilela. Lapho semfene ethintekayo kuleli ingane akha umbono wazo ngalokho eziyikho umzimba, kubambezela ukuthuthukiswa esihle futhi gross motor amakhono. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukwehluleka in the kusebentisana ukunyakaza.

ongaboni

Njengoba ezimweni ezinjalo zenziwa ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni? Bonisa kufanele ugxile ukuqashelwa:

1. Tintfo letiphatsekako. Uma ingane ikhishwa nobunzima ekuboneni kwabo.
2. izithombe Ongokoqobo. Ingane ifunda ukucacisa ukuxhumana phakathi isithombe into.
3. izithombe ezinomsindo. Uma ingane isifunde ukusungula ubudlelwano phakathi izinto futhi imifanekiso yabo, inkinga inkimbinkimbi. Yena inikezwa kwendikimba, uhlaka, izithombe omnyama nomhlophe noma ezinomsindo.
4. Image Ukwakhiwa. Kulokhu ingane ukuba zazi isithombe isinqamu yalo.

Ukungasebenzi okuqonda sokuzwa

Kulokhu, ukulungiswa neuropsychological izingane nge retardation engqondo kuhlanganisa imisebenzi umehluko:

1. imisindo ubonisa kanjani ukuthi uyangeneka bemvelo. Thishela ngokuhamba umdlalo wethula ingane umsindo amanzi, creaking iminyango, hit nezinto eziwayo, kanjalonjalo. Zonke lezi umsindo izinyane ungadala wakho futhi ufake, ngakho ukuhlobana isinyathelo futhi umsindo. Ngemva lobu bubanzi kumele sithuthukiswe ukuzwa bezibona. Ingane Isaphulelo zomculo noma amathoyizi nokunye.
2. Inkulumo okungafani imisindo. Ingane, ufunde ukuhlukanisa imisindo ehlukene Kungenzeka ube nentshisekelo kanye nenkulumo. Usalokhu abakwazi ukuqonda ngokuphelele ukuthi amagama nemisho, kodwa kakade usesimweni phakathi kwemisindo nezingahlobene. Ngokwesibonelo, enkulumweni omdala - onkamisa nongwaqa. Ingane ingase ukuqagela, abeza inyoka (umsindo "sh-sh-sh") noma indiza ( "oo-oo-oo"). Ngemva lo msebenzi luyindida. Ingane ifunda ukuhlukanisa phakathi eduze komunye nomunye imisindo. Khona-ke isigaba langena umdlalo, lapho iqala ukuba asho emagama elula ( "ay", "bi bi", njll). Okuningi nzima umsebenzi lapho ingane ifunda qonda amazwi kuhluke ephilile. Ngokwesibonelo, uyabuzwa ukunikeza "isitsha" futhi "Bear" kanjalonjalo.

ukuqonda inkulumo

ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni Kwenziwa ukusuka kokulula kuya kokulukhuni. Okokuqala, ingane ifundiswa ukuqonda amagama alula ngabanye. Ngesicelo omdala, ubapha ezinye ngesitfombe nobe intfo. Ingane ke ifunda wokubona nokulandela imiyalelo (futhi - ukusuka kokulula kuya kokulukhuni, nobujamo noma ezintathu isigaba). Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, udinga zihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa ngendlela umongo ukudlala. Kulokhu, ingane ingavumi enze noma yimuphi umsebenzi, futhi wenza isenzo.

disorder ethintekayo

Cabanga, kulesi simo, ukulungiswa neuropsychological. Izivivinyo kwasekuqaleni, kumelwe kube khona isikhala umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa sezinzwa, lapho umntwana sizothola umuzwa sihluke umzimba wayo siqu. Umphumela umbono ephelele ke. Ingane kufanele baqonde ngokucacile lapho noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, ukuthi lenzani, okuyinto kuphakama kusukela umqondo touch.

ukuthuthukiswa inkumbulo

ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ubunzima yokufunda ezinganeni kuhloswe ukunaka wengane endabeni ethile. Ukuqaphelwa abonisa ukuthi lapho ngenela inkumbulo impahla atholakala ngokusebenzisa umgudu owodwa okuqonda, kukhona ikhono nokuzala idatha etholwe enye indlela. Ngamafuphi nje, ingane ukhumbula ulwazi olubi kuzwa, kalula ukudweba ngekhanda 5-6 izithombe. Kodwa ngokuvamile izingane abakwazi ukusebenzisa la makhono. ukulungiswa Neuropsychological wenziwa ikhumbula kwezikhathi ukuthuthukiswa inkumbulo. Ekuqaleni, kubonakala abantu kanye nemicimbi asho ngokomzwelo ingane. Ngakho, into eyinhloko phakathi kwabantu asazise unina ke kulabo enihlangana sixoxe ngokuhlangenwe nakho (nomuntu yena uthanda ukudlala, umuntu asaba). Game amaseshini kufanele bahlanganise ulwazi kwimemori - lokuqala elula ke eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ungasebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinkondlo, olunamagama amaningi okunzima ukuwabiza, amaculo kanye nokunye.

ukunakwa kahle

It kubonakala kuyo yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi. Ingane akuyona nezikwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo ngisho imidlalo ezithakazelisayo, uyaphazamiseka yinoma yimuphi umsindo (umoya ngaphandle kwefasitela, into asewile, nokunye.). ukulungiswa Neuropsychological nayo eyenziwa ngesikhathi game. Okokuqala, uchwepheshe ogcina ingane inquma izinto namathoyizi ezithakazelisa kuye. Abakwazi amehlo kwengane. Okulandelayo, ingane ifunda ukugxila ezinye ezithakazelisayo umdlalo kafushane. Inselele lapha ukugcina ukunakwa imizuzu eminingana. Thishela usebentisa salokhu isisusa olwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho abantwana neuropsychological ukulungiswa kuhlanganisa amakilasi ku ukusatshalaliswa ukunakwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane ayinikezi eyodwa, kanye amathoyizi ambalwa. Akufundayo basebenzisane nabo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mdlalo kuba mnandi. Ngokulandelayo, umsebenzi angadida: hhayi ukubeka amathoyizi ambalwa phambi kwakhe, kodwa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, okwandisa ngaleyo ndlela isikhala amageyimu.

ukulungiswa Neuropsychological: Izibuyekezo

Ingane ungazulazula imvelo, ukuze abone ulwazi olusha, uhlanganyele nabanye abantu, kufanele sithole ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana phakathi izenzakalo futhi izinto, ukuze bakwazi ahlukanisa kubo, ukuze kulandelelwe uxhumano phakathi izenzakalo. Ukuthuthukiswa ezibukwayo-motor ukucabanga - inselelo yokuqala ukuthi ubeka ukulungiswa neuropsychological. Izibuyekezo Ochwepheshe nabazali basikisela ukuthi phakathi nokuqeqeshwa okuwusizo senzeka ingane:

1. ukusebenza Ukuqaphela izinto ezahlukene.
2. Ukwakheka imibono mayelana ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana phakathi kwezinto nosayizi yabo.
3. Ukuqonda ubudlelwano imbangela nemphumela phakathi izenzakalo.

Lapho imisebenzi on ukuthuthukisa ngekwendzawo ngeso ikhono, okubonwayo abonisa ukuthi kwakheka ingane ukuqonda yesithombe, isihloko kanye amazwi, wabonisa. Ezingeni ezingcono, yakha ubuhlobo phakathi umfanekiso futhi kwenzeka. Izingane ungayisebenzisi ukuxhumana, bafunda ukuveza izifiso ngosizo izithombe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ingane ufuna ukuphuza, ubonisa isithombe omdala wendebe, uma uhambo - Fashion umfanekiso nokunye. Ngale ndlela yokuhlela ukuphila nokuxhumana isetshenziswa uma uxhumana izingane autistic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane iqala ukuqonda incazelo yesehlakalo izithombe kanye chungechunge.

Okwesithathu block cerebral

Uyena obangela uhlelo, nemithethonqubo kanye nokuphathwa imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Siyabonga kuleli yunithi inikezwa yi inhlangano esebenzayo nokuziphatha bayazi engqondo, ukubunjwa uhlelo kanye nohlelo, kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kwabo. Lapho ukusebenza nezingane, lapho le misebenzi eshaywe, kubalulekile sikhumbule ukuthi umsebenzi kumele kwenziwe kuphela ngesimo umdlalo. Ingane ngeke isikhathi eside ukuba ahlale etafuleni, ukulalela futhi enze imisebenzi wayengafuni ukwenza.

ukuxhumana hemispheric

Kubalulekile umsebenzi ngokwengqondo. Uma ukukhulumisana ehluleka, kungase kube nezinkinga noma iba ukubambisana ayitholakali ukunyakaza (nokuxhumana of the izinyawo nezandla, ukuhamba, njll). Ezingeni olandelayo ayakhekanga phakathi ekuxhumaneni buthule nemisebenzi ngamazwi inqubo kunzima ukuhlaziywa idatha engenayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba ukuthuthukisa evamile ngefanelo nangokuvumelana. Ngenxa yale njongo, izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene yokuzijwayeza, ongaphandle imidlalo. On isisekelo yabo yakha nokuqhubeka esebenza kuleso ukuthuthukiswa ukuxhumana phakathi izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. In parallel amakilasi ingane nge ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke esithambile. Yena sculpts imifanekiso elula ngobumba noma plasticine, uxove inhlama, ngezandla zombili.

umunwe yokuzijwayeza

Ukwencika kumiswa inkulumo kwengane ezingeni motility Imininingwane wazibonakalisa Ucwaningo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma uhla motion uneminyaka efanele, ikhono lezingane ukuba baveze abakucabangayo ngokuzwakalayo beyoba ku uhla evamile. Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa jikelele futhi umunwe-uhlobo motor kwandisa nekusebenta cortex cerebral. Uthisha angakwazi ukusebenzisa umzimba, elandelwa inkulumo izingane kufakwe ohlelweni eyinhloko kokwelashwa amaseshini njengoba fizkultminutok.

ukuphumula

Aziphumulele umzimba abazenzi kuzo zonke izigaba ukulungiswa. ukusebenza yabo kungaba ephelezelwa umculo. Izingane zinikelwe endaweni yalo (edeskini) ukubeka tandla takho enhloko yakho bese uvale amehlo akho. Bangaphinde ukuya emadeni emuva yakho, welulele izingalo at ezinhlangothini zenu, izintende phansi. Kulokhu, abakhuthazwa ukuba uthumele noma iyiphi indaba iqhaza zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, basuke esindizayo ifu, uzizwa kushelele afudumele izihlathi yakho. Ukuzivocavoca kungaqedwa ngala mazwi: ". Awu, umoya wawuphambene cool, futhi sasifuna ukubuyela emhlabeni"

Umsebenzi we logoritmike

Isakhiwo ethize imiswe phakathi ukusebenza yayo. Kuhlanganisa:

1. Movement ngaphandle kwezinsimbi zomculo, ezihilela izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuhamba.
2. Dance.
3. Jamal yokuzijwayeza, abazazisayo ilandele buviyoviyo ethile.
4. Breathing izivivinyo, okuyinto ugcizelela ngamandla awumoya okhishwa ngamakhala, oluxube aziphumulele.
5. Ingoma kuhambisana ngokushukuma komzimba.
6. Ukubhekisisa yokuzijwayeza kuhlanganise umsebenzi izakhi zilingise.
7. Prakthiza quatrains usebenzisa ukunyakaza.
8. kokwelashwa umzimba.

Izici

Zonke umzimba yenziwa mbumbulu. Esikhathini uhlelo lokuqeqesha thishela kumele ukhethe indawo ukuze ubuso bakhe kungabonwa zonke ingane ukuze bakwazi ukuphinda ukuhambisana nokunyakaza ebusweni. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi bonke bahlala kumbuthano noma a umkhumbi. Kulokhu, nezingane ziyokwenza okufanayo ezinhle ukubona uthisha, ekuvumelaniseni naye athi bese uphinda impahla.

Ukubaluleka kokuqeqesha

Njengoba kuboniswa eminingi isipiliyoni ukubukela ukuba nabantwana ukuze zasenkulisa yobudala inkulumo jikelele nokungathuthuki, kakhulu, beqiniseka emidlalweni ngokuhlanganyela. Bona basheshe ukufunda imithetho, abese idluliselwe umsebenzi ezizimele. Ukudlala umzimba ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhathala izingane ukuba abe indlela yokukhululwa ngokomzwelo futhi uvumele ukufinyelela ukulungiswa esiphezulu nomphumela ukufunda. Amakilasi ezasenkulisa, ngakho kufanele nhlobonhlobo.

isiphetho

Uhlelo ngenhla ubhekwa jikelele. It is eyakhelwe ngesisekelo zokuvimbela neuropsychological nokulungisa sobubanzi enkulu neziyaluyalu, kusukela inhlanganisela kwetfulwe esindayo yokukhuluma neziyaluyalu, retardation engqondo sobala yokuhluleka elingalodwa izinqubo ngabanye. Elements ezifakwe kulolu hlelo, kuye kwasetshenziswa ngempumelelo emsebenzini abafundi nobunzima ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zemfundo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala zokulungisa amakilasi zentuthuko kudingeka ukusetha izinga sokuqala ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi zobuchopho izingane. Ngakho, kufanele bakhethe ukuthi iphuzu ofuna ukusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, e khona indawo inkulumo iziyaluyalu kuhle ukuqala umculo nemisebenzi sezinzwa ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokukhulisa ingane. Lapho uzwakalise ukwephula, lapho ukuthuthukiswa uyephuza kakhulu, umsebenzi kungathatha iminyaka eminingana. Kulezi zimo, ngaphandle kokuma nokuqeqeshelwa kumiswa imisebenzi eyisisekelo udinga ukuba banake isicelo nemakhono labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe ukuphila.

Uma ukuhlukumeza akuyona esinzima, esigabeni kufanele bavezwe, okuye lidlule ingane bebodwa. Umsebenzi iqala zokugcina zazo. ongayifinyelela imiphumela ecacile omuhle kuhambisana ukulandelana hlelo.