Ukuguqulwa kwesimo sekhonkritha phansi: ubuchwepheshe, imigomo nemithetho

Inketho evamile ezansi ezakhiweni, izakhiwo kanye nezingubo ezakhiweni zezimboni ezinezithonya ezinamandla ezithintekayo yizansi. Izinto ezivela kuzo lezi zakhi zesakhiwo zikhonjiswe ekujuleni futhi zinezikhwepha eziphansi ekuguqukeni, okuholela ekuqhekekeni. Ukuze ugweme ukulungiswa okuphindaphindiwe, ukusika okufakelwayo kudalwe ezakhiweni ze-monolithic. Isibonelo, i-deformation seam ekhoneni lokukhonkolo, ezindongeni zesakhiwo, uphahla, amabhuloho.

Benzani?

Uhlaka lwekhonkri lubonakala luyisisekelo esiqinile futhi esiqinile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, izinqubo zokuqothula, umswakama womoya, imithwalo yokusebenza, inhlabathi yomhlabathi, ubuqotho bayo bulahlekile - buqala ukuphahlazeka.

Ukwehlisa izinga elithile lokwakheka kwalesi sakhiwo, ukwakheka kwe-deformation kudalwe ngezansi. I-SNiP2.03.13-88 kanye ne-Handbook iqukethe ulwazi ngezidingo zokuklama nokukwakha phansi, okubonisa isidingo sokuba idivaysi yokuqhaqhaza esikhwameni, isendlalelo esingaphansi noma ukugqoka okunikeza ukufuduka okuhlobene kwezigaba ezingafani.

Imisebenzi emikhulu:

• Ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka okungazelelwe, ngokuhlukanisa ipuleli le-monolithic ibe inombolo ethile yamakhadi.
• Ikhono lokugwema ukulungiswa okubizayo ngokushintshwa kokugqamile nokuqala komsebenzi.
• Ukumelana nokunyuka kwemithwalo enamandla.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesisekelo esakhayo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko: ukuthungwa komthunzi

I-deformation ye-deam ekhoneni lokukhonkolo, ngokuya ngenhloso yayo, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: ukufaka isilondolozi, ukuhleleka nokwakhiwa kwemithi.

Izigaba zokuqapha zenziwa ezindaweni zokuthungatha izakhi zesakhiwo ekamelweni. Lokhu kungukuthi, bayisigxobo esiphakathi phakathi kwezindonga, isisekelo semishini, amakholomu kanye nesisekelo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukugwema ukucubungula ku-shrinkage yekhonkrithi ezindaweni lapho kunezingxenye ezizungezile nezama mpo ekamelweni adjoin. Uma unganaki ukulungiswa kwawo, bese uhlunga lapho umile futhi unciphisa ivolumu ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emdongeni, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuphahlazeka.

Ngaphandle kwezindonga, amakholomu kanye nasezindaweni lapho umkhawulo wekhonktha ophansi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto, kuhlanganiswa umcengezi wokuthungula. Futhi eduze kwamakholomu umsila awunqamuli ubuso obunjwayela obunsika, kodwa ngendlela yokuthi ukusika okuqondile kuvele ekhoneni lekholomu.

Umswakama ubhekwa ukuthi ugcwele izinto zokuxubha ezikwazi ukuvumela ukunyakaza okuzungezile nokuqondile kwesisindo esihlotshaniswe nesisekelo, amakholomu namadonga. Ubuningi bomswakama buxhomeke ekunwetsheni kwe-screed futhi cishe ngo-13 mm.

Izinhlobo ezisemqoka: umcibisholo we-shrinkage

Uma ukugxilwa kwezingxenye zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwesimo sokukhonkolo se-monolithic ezindaweni lapho kuhlangene khona izindonga, khona-ke ukunciphisa ukucutshungwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhwabanisa okunamandla kokukhonkwane. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela umonakalo obangelwa ukukhishwa kwezinto. Njengoba ukhonkolo obomile kusuka phezulu phezulu, i-voltage ibonakala ngaphakathi, idalwe ngokuqineza ungqimba ophezulu.

Idivaysi yamanxusa wokunweba phansi kwekhonkrithi yalolu hlobo ihamba eceleni kwezikhonkwane zamakholomu, lapho ukusikeka kuhlanganiswa nama-angles ahlangene eduze nomjikelezo. Amakhadi, okungukuthi, izingxenye zesitezi se-monolithic, eziboshwe nxazonke ngama-shrinkage seams, kufanele zibe ngesikwele, ubujamo obubunjwa no-L kanye nobujamo obubekwe emgqeni kufanele bugweme. Umsebenzi wenziwa kokubili ngesikhathi kukhonjiswa ukhonkolo ngosizo lokwakha ama-rack, nangokusika amajoyina emva kokuba isikhala sesomile.

Amathuba okuqhekeka ahambisana ngqo nobukhulu bamakhadi. Indawo encane engaphansi, enqunywe yizingxenye ze-shrinkage, ngakho amathuba okuqhekeka aphansi. Ukuguqulwa kanye namacembe abukhali we-screed kuncike ekuthuthukiseni, ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukuphuka kwekhonkrithi ezindaweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukunquma amalunga okuqothula.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko: ukuthungwa kwesakhiwo

Ukuvikelwa okunjalo kwe-monolithic phansi kudala lapho kuqhuma ubuchwepheshe. Okuhlukile kuphela igumbi elinendawo yokuthululwa encane kanye nokunikezwa kokukhonkolo okuqhubekayo. I-deformation seam in sakhiwo sekhonkrithi ehlelwe phansi yinqunyiwe emajoyini e-screed eyenziwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ukuma kokuphela koxhumano olunjalo kudalwa ngohlobo lwe-"spike-groove". Izici zokuvikelwa kwesakhiwo:

• Umswakama uhlelwa kude no-1.5 m ukufana nezinye izinhlobo ze-deformation delineation.
• Yenziwa kuphela uma ukhonkolo ubeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku.
• Ukuma kwemikhawulo kufanele kube "uhlobo lwe-spike-groove".
• Ukuze ubukhulu be-screed kuze kufinyelele ku-20 cm, ohlangothini lwezingodo lufakela i-cone yama-degrees angu-30. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izigaxa zensimbi.
• Izigxobo zomzimba zivikela phansi i-monolithic kusuka ekunyanyeni okuncane okuzungezile.

Ukuguqulwa kwezinto kuhlanganiswa ngezakhiwo ezakhiweni zezimboni

Ukwandiswa kokugqoka izidingo zokumelana nakho kubeka phansi phansi ezakhiwe ezimbonini, izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezinye izakhiwo zezimboni. Lokhu kubangelwa ukubonakala komthelela wokuhluka okuhlukile komthelela we-mechanical (ithrafikhi yezimoto, abahamba ngezinyawo, impikiswano lapho bewela izinto eziqinile) futhi kungenzeka amanzi ephansi phansi.

Ngokujwayelekile, isakhiwo sendawo esezansi sihlaziye kanye nesimbozo. Kodwa ngaphansi kwesibhamu kunesendlalelo esingaphansi, okuyinto ekuqothulweni okunamandla okubekiwe kusuka kukhonkolo. Inqunywe ngezikhombisi-ndlela ezihamba phambili ze-seam nge-6-12 m, ukujula kwe-40 mm okungenani i-1/3 yobukhulu besendlalelo esingaphansi (SNiP 2.03.13-88). Okubaluleke kakhulu ukulingana kokuhlanganiswa kwesitezi nokukhwabanisa okufanayo kwesakhiwo.

Isici esiyingqayizivele sesakhiwo sezakhiwo ezakhiweni zezimboni ukudala ungqimba oluphezulu lwekhonkrithi. Kuncike ekutheni umphumela womshini usebenza kanjani, kusetshenziselwa ukugqoka okwehlukile. Ngomkhawulo wamamitha angu-50 noma ngaphezulu, i-deformation ye-deam ekhoneni lokukhonkolo (i-SNiP "Polya" p.8.2.7) idalwe ngendlela ehamba phambili nangesikhathi eside ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezinto emva kuka-3-6 m. Ukusika kunqunywe ububanzi buka 3-5 mm, ukujula kwayo akusiyo Ngaphansi kuka-40 mm noma ingxenye yesithathu yobuningi bokugqoka.

Izidingo zokudala ukuvikelwa kwe-deformation kwezansi

I-propyl yekhonkri kumele ifakwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili zokuqina. Ukujula kokujula ngokwemigomo yi-1/3 yobukhulu bekhonkri. Esikhathini esingezansi, kuvunyelwe ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezikhonkwane ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwekhonkrithi ukusebenzisa imilayezo ephathwe ngeziqephu ngokumelene nokunamathela, okuyinto, ngemva kokuqina kogugu, isuswe futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izitho zokuzivikela ziyatholakala.

Izingxenye ezingezansi zamakholomu namadonga kuze kube ukuphakama kokubaluleka kwesikhumba esizayo kufanele zihlanganiswe nezinto zokuvimbela amanzi noma i-polyethylene ene-foam. Kulezo zindawo lapho iphrojekthi ihlinzekela amalunga okunweba phansi. Ubuchwepheshe bokusika buqala ngokumaketha kokushayela futhi umbusi wezindawo zokuqhekeka kokufakelwa.

Isibonisi sokusika ngesikhathi esifanele ukuhlanganiswa kwesilingo: uma izinhlamvu ezihlangene zingapheli kukhonkolo, kodwa ziyanqunywa ngendwangu yokusika, isikhathi sokudala amalunga okunyuselwa kahle.

Ukucubungula kwe-Seam

Ukusebenza okujwayelekile komthunzi kufinyelelwa ngokugcizwa kwayo. Ukusungulwa kwamajoyina wokunweba phansi kwekhonkrithi kutholakala ngosizo lwezinto ezilandelayo:

• Umthamo wamanzi wuhlu olufakwe emgqonyeni we-raber, i-polyethylene noma i-PVC, obekwe lapho uhambisa isikhala sekhonkrithi;
• Ukufaka uphawu lwendwangu olwenziwe nge-polyester enezinyosi kufakwe esitelekeni kanti ama-drops of temperatures agcina ukuqina kwawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuphephile kwengubo yokukhonkolo;
• Acrylic, polyurethane, i-latex mastic;
• Iphrofayili yokuguquguquka ehlanganisa izinhlawulo zenjoloba nezensimbi. Yakhelwe ngaphakathi noma inkokhelo.

Ngaphambi kokuvalwa, indawo yokusebenza yezikhala kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ihlanzeke ngomoya ocindezelekile (i-compressor). Futhi, ukwandisa ukuphila komsebenzi wezitezi ezikhonkolo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukulukhuni ungqimba oluphezulu ngezinto zokugqoka noma i-polyurethane.

Imigomo yokudalwa

I-deformation ye-deam ekhoneni lokukhonkolo (i-monolithic) iba ngaphansi kwemibandela elandelayo:

1. Isikrini sinendawo engaphezulu kuka-40 m2.
2. Ukucushwa okunzima kwephansi.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwesembozo sephansi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
4. Ubude bembambo (okwanele) kwesakhiwo esingaphansi kuka-8 m.

Ukuguqulwa kwembulunga kuhamba ngekhonkrithi: amazinga

Ekuphetheni, izidingo zokufakwa kwezikhala ezivikelayo ngaphansi kwekhonkrithi ngokusho kwemigomo zinikezwa.

Isendlalelo esingaphansi kufanele sibe nokucutshungulwa kwe-deformation okulandelanayo komunye nomunye ngokunyuka kwamamitha angu-6 ukuya kwangu-12. Umswakama wenziwa ekujuleni kwe-4 cm futhi uyingxenye yesithathu yobukhulu bekhava lokukhonkolo noma isendlalelo esingaphansi.

Ngokwakheka kwekhenikhi yobude obungamamitha ama-50 noma ngaphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-deformation kudalwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo neyesikhathi eside ngokuphindaphinda njalo ngo-3-6 m. Lokhu ukusika kumele kufanelane nezigxobo ze-floor slabs, izinkomba zamakholomu, izikhala ze-deformation emgqeni ongaphansi. Ububanzi be-cut is 3-5 mm.

I-Propyl yenziwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili ukufakwa khonkolo. Ukuvalwa kwezicabha ezivikelayo kuqhutshwa ngamathanga akhethekile kanye nezinsimbi ezikhethekile.