Ngabe kanjani futhi ukwelashwa kwezinkuni kusuka ekubola?

Izinkuni ziyisici esihle kakhulu, kodwa izinambuzane nokubola kungabangela umonakalo ongenakuqhathaniswa kuwo. Izinambuzane, nakuba zilimaza kakhulu, namanje azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa ngokwezinga lokubhujiswa nezinqubo zokubeka phansi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kulokhu okubonakalayo, ukucubungula izinkuni ezivela ekutheni kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukubola kukhula kahle emvelweni ofudumele nomswakama. Isivinini salo sithinteka ngokuqondile indlela okubhaliwe ngayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwakhiwa.

Yingakho ukucubungula izinkuni ezivela ekuthomeni kuqala ngisho nasesiteji sokungena. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umswakama wesihlahla somuthi osanda kuqothuka uhluka ngaphakathi kuka-80%, ngakho-ke kufanele wenziwe kahle. Kungcono ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezemvelo, isikhathi okufanele sibe okungenani ngonyaka owodwa.

Kuze kube yamuva, ukwelashwa kwezinkuni ezivela ekutheni kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi. Okhokho bethu ngezinhloso ezifanayo basebenzisa i-tar, kanye ne-resin. Ezimweni zasendlini, kuvame ukubonakala ukubona ukuthi amafutha asetshenzisiwe asetshenziswa kanjani ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokubola. Le ndlela, nakuba iphumelela, ayifanelekile indawo yokuhlala, futhi izinkinga zokulondolozwa kwemvelo azikho indima encane lapha.

Zonke izindlela zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu. Eyokuqala yizindlela zokusakaza, lapho ubuso bomuthi buphathwa ngamakhemikhali akhethekile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukwelapha phezulu ngamapayipi nama-polymer compounds asetshenziswa, okuvimbela ukutholakala komoya nomswakama ekukhuni, ukuvimbela ukubola kwawo.

Umuntu angaqonda kanjani ukuthi ukwelashwa kwezinkuni ngokubopha kohlobo lokuqala kuphumelela kakhulu? Njengomthetho, ama-pastes antifouling anziwe kusuka ku-antiseptic, filler ne-thickener, okunikeza i-substance into edingekayo ye-viscosity. Ngokuyinhloko, i-bitumen paste, i-bitumen isetshenziswe kanje. Izakhiwo ze-antiseptic zitshela isisombululo sensipho eluhlaza.

Ukunamathiswa kwe-silicate kuyinhlanganisela efanayo yamafutha wamatshe, ingilazi yamanzi kanye namafungicide amaningana. Qaphela ukuthi ukwenza okusebenzayo kwalezi zinhlanganisela umswakama ngokwayo kubalulekile, okufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-40%. Uma le nkomba ingaphansi, inqubo yokusabalalisa ayihambi kahle. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwezinkuni ngokumelene nokubola akulethi izinzuzo ezibonakalayo.

Ukuze kutholakale ukungcola kwezinkuni ezintsha, isisombululo se- potassium dichromate ku-sulfuric acid singasetshenziswa. Inzuzo yale ndlela yukuthi ihlukumeza ngempumelelo umuthi ngokwawo, kodwa ngisho nomhlabathi owuzungezayo. Leli ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokucubungula ama-rims aphansi ezakhiwo.

Muva nje, sekuvele izidakamizwa eziningi ezintsha zokwenziwa. Kodwa njalo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yiliphi ithuluzi lokucubungula izinkuni akufanele liphumelele kuphela, kodwa liphinde liphephile impilo yabantu. Ngeshwa, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali anamandla, nakuba ekwazi ukuvikela umuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokubola isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ayingozi nje.

Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ezifomeni ezisuselwa kusawoti we-zinc ne-tin, ngoba kunalokho kunobuthi.