Ukugonywa yokulwa nesimungumungwane: Zingaki izenzo abadala?

Isimungumungwane - igciwane eyingozi viral ukuthi minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele ubulala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu. Ukuvikela lesi sifo sina angasiza wokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane. Indlela evumelekile lokugoma inqobo agcinwe emzimbeni isimungumungwane ngxabano ukuthi ngokuvamile limelela isifo, sizokwenza ukuthi uqonde kabanzi.

isimungumungwane

RNA igciwane ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli ejenti causative lesi sifo. isimungumungwane Sekukonke kukhona ukuthi zihlobane kakhulu isifo zezingane, kodwa uma igciwane ithelela omdala unvaccinated, lesi sifo ugijimela him dlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kusale ezihlukahlukene izinkinga. Ukusakaza igciwane ngokusebenzisa ukukhwehlela, sneezing izimbici izinhlayiya nesineke, phakathi nengxoxo ngamathe. Umuntu onegciwane iba esithathelwanayo ngisho nalapho namanje engazizwa izimpawu zesifo, ie kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Ukuvikelwa kuphela ngokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane. Indlela okusebenza emzimbeni, umbuzo isithakazelo kwabaningi. Okuqinisekisiwe uzobe evikelwe iminyaka 10-12, ngakho odokotela bathi.

Uma igciwane ukungena emzimbeni olungavikelekile, isiguli siqala ukuqaphela izimpawu ngaphezulu nobuntu izifo eziningi zokuphefumula:

• imfiva (lokushisa kuze kufinyelele ku-40 °);
• okulumayo, umphimbo obuhlungu,
• isifuba esomile lapho amakhala yisisu;
• ubuthakathaka, ukucobeka;
• ikhanda.

Lokhu okulandelayo izimpawu of isimungumungwane Timphawu letitsite:

• conjunctivitis futhi photophobia;
• ukuvuvukala okunzima Isivalo;
• ukuqubuka buccal avele ngosuku lwesibili (okusanhlamvu olumhlophe izindawo emihle njengo semolina, okuyinto zinyamalale ngosuku);
• 4-5 ngosuku - ukuqubuka esikhumbeni, kuqala kuvela ubuso, bese ibhebhetheka phansi phezu kwesidumbu.

yezinkinga olungenzeka isimungumungwane

Londoloza kusukela isifo zigonyelwe nesimungumungwana. Indlela esebenza, nokunye uyovikelwa ezifweni. Ezinganeni unvaccinated, futhi isikhathi esiningi siye sitholakale isimungumungwane omdala kubangela yezinkinga ezinzima:

• amagxolo ngamalahle noma kwegciwane ngokuvamile kubangela i-pneumonia,
• Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini;
• sinusitis;
• keratitis (njalo nesineke 5th ngesikhathi esifanayo ekukhohlwa);
• meningitis meningoencephalitis;
• otitis evstahiit (kamuva - ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa);
• pyelonephritis.

Lapho isimungumungwane akukho ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo namagciwane. Londoloza indoda lokugoma kuphela kwenziwe kusengaphambili! Ngo 0.6% of amacala, isimungumungwana nzima lesion yobuchopho (encephalitis), kuyilapho 25% eziguli afe.

Lapho ukuba bagome

ERussia, wokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane yethulwa umgomo isheduli lohleliwe. lokugoma Ingane Kwenziwa eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 1-1.3. Revaccination wenziwa eminyakeni 6.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhula lesi sifo ngo-2014 eRussia uye kwaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu sabantu abadala, kwanqunywa ukuba bagome sabantu. Uhlelo kazwelonke babengagwetshwa iminyaka engaze ibe 35 ubudala yethulwa lokugoma khulula yokulwa nesimungumungwane. Kanjani imisebenzi izidakamizwa? Amasosha omzimba ku elivamile lomuntu kuwo olumelana sifo iminyaka engu-12 (ngezinye izikhathi eside).

Kanjani ukuba umuntu abaneminyaka engama 35? Ukugoma iyona ndlela wonke umuntu, kodwa imali. Monovalent yokugoma iqondiswa kabili ne esingaba izinyanga ezintathu. Uma once uke wathola umuthi wokugoma, wokugxilisa isidingo sokuya futhi. revaccination Adult akuyona kwenziwe.

ukugoma eziphuthumayo

Kungakhathaliseki isheduli yokugoma kanye schedule, eziphuthumayo yokugoma Kwenziwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ngo le ukutheleleka zigonyelwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu, bonke abantu (mahhala) nabo isiguli. Kufaka izingane unvaccinated amadala konyaka owodwa.
• Usana uma umama ayitholakali isimungumungwane masosha omzimba egazini. Phinda zigonywe ingane wenziwa izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, bese ekhalendeni.
• Lapho owayehamba phesheya zigonyelwe isimungumungwane kudingeka kwenziwe ngenyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuhamba. Ngokukhethekile lisuka ku Georgia, Thailand, Ukraine, lapho zokugcina 3 iminyaka kwaba nezigameko eziningi ka isimungumungwane nokufa. Uneminyaka emingaki lokugoma evumelekile yokulwa nesimungumungwane, eyaziwa enkonzweni yasensimini. Ukugonywa zizomakwa e amadokhumenti wakho, futhi lokhu kuzovumela iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokwesaba phesheya.
• abesifazane Unvaccinated abahlela ukukhulelwa, kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa isimungumungwane kuyingozi kakhulu embungwini.
• iminyaka Abantu 15 kuya 35 abangenalo ubufakazi yokugoma futhi uma ngesikhathi amaqembu ingozi (othisha, abasebenzi bezempilo, abafundi).

Uphi inoculated

Ngokwethulwa umgomo isimungumungwane kumele athobele imithetho ethile, lapho nje kumelwe ukuba wazi yonke udokotela, kanye singakanani isikhathi ngokugoma evumelekile yokulwa nesimungumungwane.

Izingane ekwakhiweni e isamba 0.5 ml is busuka esifundeni subscapular noma kancane ngezansi lwesithathu phakathi ebusweni elingaphandle ehlombe.

wokugoma Adult iqondiswa ku imisipha noma phansi kwesikhumba ngowesithathu engenhla ehlombe. Umuthi is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba iphathwe esifundeni gluteal ngenxa yamafutha amaningi ongama. Futhi engathandeki ingress intradermally. Isigeniso Ku-vein akuvunyelwe contraindicated!

Ukugonywa esemncane futhi omdala ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele kwenziwe ngohlelo imvume ebhalwe phansi. Uma kulandelwa kwabantu ukwenqaba milisa, futhi kufanele kube ngokubhalwe phansi. Minyaka yonke, ukwenqaba kuyadingeka ukuze kabusha.

Uneminyaka emingaki lokugoma evumelekile yokulwa nesimungumungwane

Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esithile ngemva lokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane amasosha ethu omzimba sinamandla ngokumelene yilesi sifo esesabekayo? Uma sikhuluma nabantu abadala, isilinganiso semthethweni isikhathi ihlala iminyaka 12-13. Kunezikhathi ukuthi isikhathi esishiwo ku-iminyaka engu-10. Uma lokumba lo mbuzo ngendlela enabile, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi bonke ngamunye. "Post-lokugoma amasosha omzimba" (kukhona into enjalo) ngomuntu ngamunye ethile ingase ihluke umuntu kuyoba iminyaka engu-10, umuntu has 13 noma ngaphezulu. icala sabhalwa lapho isiguli emva kweminyaka 25 emva yokugoma yabonisa amasosha omzimba nesimungumungwana.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda yokuthi uma zigonyelwa, awusebenzi ukunikeza 100% isiqinisekiso sokuthi uyosivikela. Ngokwe-onjiniyela komjovo ngokwayo, nje ukuthi nethuba elingcono kakhulu yokuthola abagulayo ukwedlula labo abangakahambi zigonywe.

Bangaki kuthatha lokugoma umphumela yokulwa nesimungumungwane? Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha nje umzimba wakho ezokwenzela amasosha omzimba (omzimba) lesi sifo. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kwamasonto 2-4 emva wokugxilisa. icala ngamunye ngamunye.

Izimo ukugonywa yokulwa nesimungumungwane

Indlela evumelekile lokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane e abadala, sithole, siyowuqonda manje lokho Izimo umgomo lapho. Eliphawuleka kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba libhekele wokugoma kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Uma kukhona isidingo, kubalulekile ukuba uthintane ochwepheshe.
• Ukugonywa is contraindicated in iziguli AIDS, i-HIV, kanye labo babe yisifo esithinta umnkantsha ithambo noma uhlelo lymph.
• Akufanele zigonywe uma okwamanje uke ngensimbi zakho noma isifo esingelapheki.
• Ngo izifo ezivamile, izifo futhi abeke ngokugoma.
• Ukugonywa is contraindicated uma kakade uma kukubangele ukuxakeka.
• Qiniseka kudokotela uma imithi uthatha nale wokugoma ahambelanayo.
• Yokungezwani komzimba ukuze iqanda omhlophe.
• Komdlavuza.
• Ukungabekezelelani nemithi.

Imiphumela evamile yomgomo isimungumungwane abadala

Abadala baqale ukuzwa imiphumela yokugoma ngosuku lokuqala. Kungase kube soreness kusayithi umjovo, ububomvu kwesikhumba, uphawu. izimpawu ezinjalo zijwayelekile nezinye izinhlobo yokugoma, isibonelo ngokumelene ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokuthi izivikeli mzimba zakho, ngokuvamile ngosuku lwesihlanu, futhi umuntu ngosuku lweshumi, kukhona ukucobeka, ukukhathala, kukhuphuke izinga lokushisa komzimba. Lokhu kuvamile ngoba umzimba wakho uqala akhiqiza amasosha omzimba yokulwa nesimungumungwane. Ngesimo sakhe kumele kubikwe udokotela, ukuchaza ngokunembile imbangela yokugula kuyokulethela usesikhathini, uthole ukuthi mingaki iminyaka ngokugoma evumelekile yokulwa nesimungumungwane. Lawa nemiphumela esemqoka yokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane, obhekene nakho konke evamile abantu abayimiqemane.

Imiphumela engemihle yokugoma

Ezimweni ezingavamile kukhona ukusabela ezingezinhle ukuze umgomo, abanye akunakubangelwa ezinzima. Lapha-ke ngaphandle kosizo ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ongakwazi ukuzenza. Amanye awo yilawa:

• ukusabela Toxic singenzeka izinsuku 6-11 emva yokugoma. Fever, umphimbo obuhlungu kwenzeka, kukhona ukudakwa, ukuqubuka livela. Isikhathi ingahlala izinsuku ezinhlanu, kodwa kufanele zihlukaniswa kusuka yisiphi isifo esithathelwanayo.
• Cramping noma-ubuchopho ukuphendula. ashisa kakhulu kanye nokuquleka nokubonakaliswa. nodokotela bezingane abaningi abalibheki lezi zimpawu nezinkinga ezinzima.
• Post-yokugoma encephalitis. Izimpawu zifane ukuphenywa kokuphulwa ezinye izifo: isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukudideka, ukuyaluza, Ukudlikizela, izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa.
• komzimba nezinto yezingxenye wokugoma. Angioedema. Urticaria. Ubuhlungu amalunga omzimba.
• Exacerbation izifo nomzimba. isifuba somoya bronchial.
• ukushaqeka Anaphylactic.
• Isifo samaphaphu.
• Myocarditis.
• Meningitis.

Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, abaningi kungase kunikeze umuzwa ngezingozi ngokugoma. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Eziningi zalezi ukusabela ezingezinhle zavela kwakuthiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo ngesimo encephalitis singenzeka kanye kwesigidi. Uma amacala isimungumungwana, ingozi yezinkinga kuzokhulisa ayinkulungwane izikhathi.

Bangaki kuthatha lokugoma umphumela yokulwa nesimungumungwane? Uma emzimbeni ngeke yakha omzimba (2 kuya ku-4 amaviki). Uma ngalesi sikhathi ngeke uzizwe yini imiphumela emibi emzimbeni, uthathe uhambo oluya udokotela akudingekile.

Ukwelashwa yezinkinga emva yokugoma

Singakanani isikhathi ngokugoma evumelekile yokulwa nesimungumungwane? Kwaphela isikhathi eside (iminyaka engu-10 kuya ku-13), uzobe evikelwe ngenxa yalesi sifo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusabela umzimba, ngisho noma kuphakama, kudlule masinyane, futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, kodwa ngenxa yezinkinga sifo ungaba mubi kakhulu, ngisho nokufa.

• Uma uneminye ukusabela ezingezinhle, xhumana nodokotela wakho.
• Siza ukubhekana nemiphumela izidakamizwa lingaze: anti-iguliswa, anti-pyretic.
• Uma inkinga severe, kungcono yokuphatha kulo esibhedlela. Udokotela linqume hormone ngama-corticosteroid.
• Uma uhlangabezana yezinkinga ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukuze zibasize bakwazi ukubhekana ngemithi elwa namagciwane.

izinhlobo yokugoma

wokugoma Isimungumungwane Yenziwe bukhoma, kodwa kakhulu buthaka isimungumungwane igciwane. Kwezokwelapha, wasebenzisa njengoba yokugoma monovalent (isimungumungwane) futhi kuhlanganiswe (isimungumungwane, rubella futhi epidparotita). Lesi sifo wokugoma igciwane ukubangela umzimba akakwazi, kuphela kunomthelela ayokwenza isimungumungwane eqondene amasosha omzimba. Faka wokugoma bukhoma:

• Ukuze izidakamizwa akuyona nilenze, kufanele agcinwe ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ephakeme kunaleyo 4 degrees.
• wokugoma Ubuningi libhujiswa ngokuvumelana nezimiso ekhethekile.
• Isakhiwo ayehlanganisa omhlophe neqanda antibiotic. Lokhu kungabangela abanye abantu komzimba.

Emitholampilo Russian ukusetshenziswa lokugoma izidakamizwa production ezifuywayo - mumps, wokugoma isimungumungwane kanye nesimungumungwane monovalent. Monovalent unezindawo ezimbalwa side ukusabela.

Sithole ukuthi bangaki lokugoma evumelekile yokulwa nesimungumungwane, okungaletha imiphumela eminingi engemihle njengezindlela Izimo. Futhi manje mayelana nendlela yokulungiselela wokugoma ukuze lokugoma yenzeka ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Yeka ukuthi kungcono kanjani ukuba bahlehlise yokugoma

• Ngokuza zigonywe isidingo ephelele, ngaphandle izimpawu futhi zokubonisa SARS.
• Ngaphambi yokugoma, kungakuhle kakhulu, ngeke vakashela udokotela futhi ukulethwa kwazo zonke cwaningo ezivamile.
• Ngemva umgomo iqondiswa zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu lukugweme ngokuvakashela izindawo eziminyene, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ukubamba yimuphi virus angaphandle.
• Ngingaya ebhukuda? Yebo, kodwa musa basihlikihle isayithi umjovo. Kungcono ushawa kunokuba okugeza.
• Ngemva lokugoma, akudingekile ukungena ekudleni kwakho ezinye imikhiqizo emisha, izitsha, hhayi ukuba kumkhathaze komzimba.

Indlela evumelekile lokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane? Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi Ukuphila kwakho kungaba ezolile. isifo esibi akunakwenzeka ukuba hit umzimba, ngoba, sibonga lokugoma wazakhela amasosha omzimba enamandla nesimungumungwana.